NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Duchy of Vasconia

The Duchy of Vasconia (also Wasconia, later Gascony) was a Duchy formed in the 7th century that included the former Roman province of Novempopulania and, at least in some periods, also the Basque lands south of the Pyrenees. Map of the historical and cultural area of Gascony. ... A duchy is a territory, fief, or domain ruled by a duke or duchess. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

History

Genesis

The Duchy was founded by the Merovingian Franks in 602 during the tripartite wars that involved Franks, Visigoths and Basques. At the same time, their Visigothic counterparts, created the Duchy of Cantabria in the southern frontier of the Basque tribes. There are other articles with similar names; see Merovingian (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Franks (disambiguation). ... Events Phocas kills Byzantine Emperor Maurice I and makes himself emperor Beginning of a series of wars between the Byzantine Empire and the Sassanids Births Muawiyah, founder of the Umayyad Dynasty of caliphs (approximate date) Xuanzang, famous Chinese Buddhist monk. ... The Visigoths, originally Tervingi, or Vesi (the noble ones), one of the two main branches of the Goths (of which the Ostrogothi were the other), were one of the loosely-termed Germanic peoples that disturbed the late Roman Empire. ...

Around the year 580 both Germanic kingdoms launched respective major campaigns against the Basques. Frankish King Chilperic I sent his duke Bladastes, who was clearly defeated in Zuberoa, while the Visigothic King Liuvigild also attacked from the south founding a fortress called Victoriacum at an uncertain location (not to be confused with Vitoria-Gasteiz, which is a later Pamplonese foundation). Events Around this time, the historian Jordanes writes several books. ... Chilpéric I was born c. ... MaulÃ©on, capital of Soule Soule (Zuberoa, Xiberu or XÃ¼beroa in Basque, Sola in Gascon) is a former French province and part of the present day PyrÃ©nÃ©es Atlantiques dÃ©partement. ... Statue in Madrid (F. Corral, 1750-53). ... Haec est Victoria quae vincit (This is Victoria which triumphed) Location Location of Vitoria-Gasteiz in Spain Coordinates : 42Â°51â€² N 2Â°41â€² O Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Vitoria-Gasteiz (Spanish) Spanish name Vitoria-Gasteiz Founded 1181 Postal code 01001-01080... Though the details are largely legendary, the Kingdom of Navarre evolved from the county of Pamplona, its traditional capital, when the Vasconic leader Enneco Aresta (IÃ±igo Arista or Aiza in Spanish) was chosen King in Pamplona (traditionally in 824) and led a local revolt against the Franks. ...

The brief mentions of these campaigns in the Frankish and Visigothics chronicles clearly use the term Vasconia or Wasconia for the territory extending at both sides of the Pyrenees.

Early Frankish period (602-660)

By the year 602, the Duchy of Vasconia, under Frankish overlordship, was consolidated in the areas near the Garonne river but doesn't seem to have held control of the southern regions around the Adur river. Nevertheless, both Franks and Goths attempted once and again to increase their domination of Vasconia. The Garonne (Occitan: Garona) is a river in southwest France, with a length of 575 km (357 miles). ... The Adour (Basque: Adur) is a river in southwestern France, rising in High-Bigorre (Pyrenees) and flowing into the Atlantic Ocean (Bay of Biscay) . It is 335 km long. ...

In the years 610 and 612, Gothic kings Gundemar and Sisebut launch attacks against the Basques. After a Basque attack against the Ebro valley in the year 621, Chintila defeats them, raising the fortress of of Oligitum. Gundemar, here a statue of him from the Jardines del Retiro de Madrid, in a place popularly called El paseo de las estatuas. ... Sisebur (Sisebut) was king of the Visigoths in Hispania (612â€”621 CE). ... The Ebro (Greek: ÎˆÎ²ÏÎ¿Ï‚, Latin: Iberus, Spanish: Ebro, Catalan: Ebre) is Spains most voluminous and second longest river. ... Events By Place Byzantine Empire Byzantine Emperor Heraclius invades Persia Europe Suinthila succeeds Sisebut as king of the Visigoths. ... Chintila, here a statue of him from the Jardines del Retiro de Madrid, in a place popularly called El paseo de las estatuas. ... Olite is a town located in the province of Navarra, in the autonomous community of Navarra, in the North of Spain. ...

In 626 Basques rebelled against the Franks and in 635 they launched an attack against Toulouse. In 643 there was another rebellion in the north and in 648 fights against the Visigoths in the south. In the year 633 the Bishop of Pamplona was absent from the Council at Toledo, what is interpreted as this city being again under Basque control. This Bishop, Elusa, was accused the next year of participating in the Basque uprising. Events July 2 - In the early morning, Li Shimin, the future Emperor Tang Taizong of China, eliminated two of his brothers, Li Yuanji and the crown prince Li Jiancheng in a coup détat at the Xuanwu Gate in Changan. ... Events Saint Aidan founds Lindisfarne in Northumbria, England Nestorian China Births Pippin of Herstal, Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia (approximate date) 23 May - Chan Bahlum II, king of Palenque Deaths Categories: 635 ... New city flag (Occitan cross) Traditional coat of arms Motto: (Occitan: For Toulouse, always more) Location Coordinates Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Administration Country France RÃ©gion Midi-PyrÃ©nÃ©es DÃ©partement Haute-Garonne (31) Intercommunality Community of Agglomeration of Greater Toulouse Mayor Jean-Luc Moudenc (UMP) (since 2004... Events Rothari, King of the Lombards, issues the Lombard law code. ... Events Pope Theodore I excommunicates patriarch Paul II of Constantinople Births Emperor Kobun of Japan Categories: 648 ... Events Oswald of Bernicia becomes Bretwalda. ... Pamplona (Basque: IruÃ±ea or IruÃ±a) is the capital city of Navarre, Spain. ... The faÃ§ade of Toledo cathedral Toledo is a city located in central Spain, the capital of the province of Toledo and of the autonomous community of Castile-La Mancha. ...

Independent Duchy, federated with Aquitaine (660-768)

In the year 660, Felix got the duchal title of both Vasconia and Aquitaine (between Garonne and Loire rivers). Under Felix and his successors the dual Duchy was mostly in peace, under only nominal Frankish overlordship. It became a most important regional power. The only significative military conflict in this period is a campaign of Wamba against southern Basques. Events Childeric II proclaimed king of Austrasia. ... The persons who held the title of Duke of Aquitaine (French: Duc dAquitaine}, which became part of France in 1449 but was an independent duchy before that date, with the years they held it, were: // Kings and Dukes of Aquitaine Edward III claimed the title of King of France... Wamba was king of the Visigoths in Hispania (Iberia) from 672 to 680 CE. // History Religious events In 675 the Third Council of Braga was held in Braga (Bracara), Hispania. ...

But the Muslim invasion of 711 and the arrival to the Frankish mayordomy of ambitious Charles Martel changed things totally. The Muslim conquests represent a century of rapid Arab and Islamic expansion that took place from the death of Mohammed in 632 to the Battle of Tours in 732, during which time a vast Muslim empire and area of influence would come to stretch from India, across the Middle East... See also: phone number 711. ... Mayor of the Palace was an early medieval title and office, also known by the Latin name, maior domus or majordomo, used most notably in the Frankish kingdoms in the 7th and 8th centuries. ... For the 13th century titular King of Hungary, see Charles Martel dAnjou. ...

In 719, Pamplona was captured by the Moors, while in 721, Eudes the Great defeated them at Toulouse. In 732 Muslims finally invaded Vasconia from the south. The decissive battle took place near Bordeaux, with a clear defeat of the Aquitano-Basques, after which the Muslim troops under Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi plundered the country. Odo of Aquitaine (a. ... New city flag (traditional tri-crescent) City coat of arms Motto: The fleur-de-lis alone rules over the moon, the waves, the castle, and the lion Location Coordinates Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Administration Country France RÃ©gion Aquitaine DÃ©partement Gironde (33) Intercommunality Urban Community of Bordeaux Mayor... For indivduals with the same or similar name, see Abd-ar-Rahman Abu Said Abdul Rahman ibn Abdullah ibn Bishr ibn Al Sarem Al Aki Al Ghafiqi (? â€“ 732), variously known as Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi, Abd er Rahman, Abdderrahman, Abderame, and Abd el-Rahman, led the Andalusian Muslims into battle...

Duke Eudes had no choice but joining his arch-rival Charles Martel and, together, they decisively defeated the Muslim invaders near Poitiers. Combatants Carolingian Franks Umayyad Caliphate Commanders Charles Martel â€˜Abd-al-Raá¸¥mÄn al-GhÄfiqÄ«â€ Strength Unknown, but probably around 33,000 [1] Unknown, but one modern source estimates around 20,000 to 30,000 [2] Some later Arab sources[3] mention a figure of 80,000. ...

In 735 Eudes died, leaving his realm to his son Hunald, what gave an opportunity to Charles Martel to attack Aquitaine and subjugate it to the Frankish rule. Events Abkhazia becomes independent, and will remain such until the 15th century Births Alcuin, missionary and bishop (approximate date) Deaths May 25 - Bede, English Historian and monk Categories: 735 ... Hunald (a. ...

Since 743, the situation became further complicated with the arrival of Asturian forces, attacking Vasconia by the west. Events Umayyad caliph Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik (724-743) succeeded by al-Walid II ibn Abd al-Malik (743-744). ... The Kingdom of Asturias was the earliest Christian political entity to be established in the Iberian peninsula after the collapse of the Visigothic Kingdom after the defeat of King Rodrigo at the Battle of Guadalete and the subsequent Islamic conquest of Iberia. ...

In 744 Hunald abdicated in his son Waifer, who repeatedly challenged Frankish overlordship, being defeated thrice by Pepin the Short in 760, 762 and 766. He was eventually murdered by his desperate followers, who pledged loyalty to Pepin. Events February - Hildeprand succeeds Liutprand as king of the Lombards. ... Waifer (a. ... Pepin III (714 - September 24, 768) more often known as Pepin the Short (French, Pépin le Bref; German, Pippin der Kleine), was a King of the Franks (751 - 768). ... Events Maya civilization city of Dos Pilas is abandoned. ... Events Abbasid caliph al-Mansur founds new capital at Baghdad, Iraq Births Deaths Emperor Xuanzong of Tang China Chinese poet Li Po, the Poet Immortal. ... Events November 16 - Nicetas appointed Patriarch of Constantinople Births January 1 - Ali al-Rida, Shia Imam (d. ...

South of the Pyrenees, in 750 the inhabitants of Pamplona slaughtered the Muslim garrison and in 754 there was a rebellion of Western Basques against the Asturians. Events Last Umayyad caliph Marwan II (744-750) overthrown by first Abbasid caliph, Abu al-Abbas al-Saffah Bold textItalic textLink title GARY CANT SWIM GARY CANT SWIM GARY CANT SWIM GARY CANT SWIM GARY CANT SWIM GARY CANT SWIM GARY CANT SWIM... Events Pope Stephen III crowns Pepin the short King of the Franks at St. ...

Vasconia in times of Charlemagne and his successors

Carolingians and Muslims were a great challenge for Basques still in this period but, at least, they enjoyed certain safety by the West, as Asturias was inmersed in continuous dynastic conflicts. Also see: France in the Middle Ages. ...

The time of Charlemagne is full of struggles against Franks and Muslims, who also fought each other. Most famous is the Battle of Roncevaux in 778, where, after Frankish destruction of the walls of Pamplona, Basques ambushed and massacred Charles' rearguard. A portrait of Charlemagne by Albrecht DÃ¼rer that was painted several centuries after Charlemagnes death. ... The Roncevaux Pass (Roncesvaux in English, Roncesvalles in Spanish, Orreaga in Basque) is the site of a famous battle in 778 in which Hroudland (later changed to Roland), prefect of Brittany March was defeated by the Basques. ... Events Charlemagne fights the Moors in Spain. ...

Muslims attacked the country as well, being in posession of Pamplona for some time, but then expelled by a rebellion in 798-801, that helped to create the Basque-Muslim realm of the Banu Qasim around Tudela. Events Coenwulf of Mercia invades Kent, deposes and imprisons king Eadbert Praen and makes his own brother Cuthred king. ... Events December 28 - Louis the Vrome occupies Barcelona. ... Tudela is a town and municipality in Spain, in the northern province of Navarra. ...

In 812 there was a second Battle of Roncevaux that ended in stalemate due to the greater precautions taken by the Franks. Events Births April 12 - Muhammad at-Taqi, Shia Imam (d. ...

Northern Basques, organized in the Duchy of Vasconia, collaborated with Franks in efforts such as the capture of Barcelona in 799 but after the death of Charlemagne in 814 there are uprisings. In 815 Louis the Pious deposed the Basque Duke Seguin, causing a widespread rebellion, led by Gartzia Semeno (who was brother or is otherwise confused with semi-legendary Eneko Aritza, first monarch of Pamplona). Location Coordinates : Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Barcelona (Catalan) Spanish name Barcelona Postal code 08001-08080 Area code 34 (Spain) + 93 (Barcelona) Website http://www. ... Events 29 November - Pope Leo III, aided by Charles the Great, returns to Rome. ... Events Louis the Pious succeeds Charlemagne as king of the Franks and Emperor. ... Events An iconoclastic synod is held. ... Louis the Pious, contemporary depiction from 826 as a miles Christi (soldier of Christ), with a poem of Rabanus Maurus overlaid. ... Statue in Madrid (J. OÃ±ate, 1750-53). ...

In 824 was the third Battle of Roncevaux, where counts Eblo and Aznar, Frankish vassals, were captured by the joint Pamplonese and Banu Qasim forces, consolidating the independence of Pamplona. Events Iñigo Arista revolts against the Franks and establishes the kingdom of Navarre (approximate date). ... Though the details are largely legendary, the Kingdom of Navarre evolved from the county of Pamplona, its traditional capital, when the Vasconic leader Enneco Aresta (IÃ±igo Arista or Aiza in Spanish) was chosen King in Pamplona (traditionally in 824) and led a local revolt against the Franks. ...

C. 830 the lands around the Adur river are segregated from the Duchy under the name of County of Vasconia. Count Aznar Antso fought against Cordoba in 832 capturing Jaca and creating the core of Aragon. His brother and heir Sans Sancion fought against Charles the Bald, who didn't recognize him. Aznar I GalÃndez (?? - 839) was Count of AragÃ³n from 809 to 820, succeeding Aureolo upon the latters death. ... Capital Zaragoza Official language(s) Spanish; Aragonese and Catalan also used Area â€“ Total â€“ % of Spain Ranked 4th 47,719 kmÂ² 9. ... Charles the Bald - Detail from a painting in the First Bible of Charles the Bald, painted ca. ...

In 844 Vikings invaded Bordeaux and killed Duke Seguin II. His heir William was deposed in 853 by Charles the Bald and replaced by Sans Sancion. In 853, Muza of Tudela, relative of the Basque princes, invaded Vasconia and made Sans prisioner. In 855 Sans died and was succeeded by Arnold, who died fighting against the Norse in 864. Events Succession of Pope Sergius II (844 - 847). ... The name Viking is a loan from the native Scandinavian term for the Norse seafaring warriors who raided the coasts of Scandinavia, Europe and the British Isles from the late 8th century to the 11th century, the period of European history referred to as the Viking Age. ... Seguin II[1] (died 846), called Mostelanicus, was the Count of Bordeaux and Saintes from 840 and Duke of Gascony from 845. ... William I (French: Guillaume, Gascon: Guilhem, Spanish: Guillermo) was the Duke of Gascony, appointed in 846 following the death of Seguin II in battle with the Norse assaulting Bordeaux and Saintes. ... Events A Byzantine fleet destroys Damiette (in Egypt) Births Deaths Categories: 853 ... Events A Byzantine fleet destroys Damiette (in Egypt) Births Deaths Categories: 853 ... Events Louis II succeeds Lothar as western emperor. ... Norse is related to Scandinavia, and may mean: Ancient Norse mythology Medieval Norsemen, i. ... Events Khan Boris I of Bulgaria is baptized an Orthodox Christian. ...

After him, the Duchy of Vasconia, between the Adur and the Garonne, was to be known as Duchy of Gascony. Moving away from the history of the Basque Country as the romance language (Gascon language) replaces Basque, that is confined to the mountains. Location of Historical Territory of the Basque Country The IkurriÃ±a, Basque Country flag The Lauburu, Basque Country symbol This article is about the overall Basque domain. ... The Gascon language is an Occitan dialect mostly spoken in Gascony (in the French dÃ©partements of PyrÃ©nÃ©es-Atlantiques, Hautes-PyrÃ©nÃ©es, Landes, Gers, Gironde, a part of Lot-et-Garonne, a part of Haute-Garonne, and a part of AriÃ¨ge), and in the small Spanish...

Still, the Duchy would be under Pamplonese influence in later periods, specially with Sancho the Great. Sancho III of Navarre (c. ...

References

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