Duke Wen of Jin (晉文公) (697 BC - 628 BC) lead the state of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period of Chinese history from 636 BC to 628 BC. His name was Ji Chong'er (姬重耳) and he was the son of Duke Xian (晉獻公). He was nicknamed Chong'er (重耳), although there is no material evidence of deformity. However, the Zuo Zhuan also notes that "his ribs were all grown together," a sign of strength and leadership. Under his rule, Jin expanded rapidly and became the most powerful state. Centuries: 8th century BC - 7th century BC - 6th century BC Decades: 740s BC 730s BC 720s BC 710s BC 700s BC - 690s BC - 680s BC 670s BC 660s BC 650s BC 640s BC Events and Trends 699 BC - Khallushu succeeds Shuttir-Nakhkhunte as king of the Elamite Empire 697 BC... Centuries: 8th century BC - 7th century BC - 6th century BC Decades: 670s BC 660s BC 650s BC 640s BC 630s BC - 620s BC - 610s BC 600s BC 590s BC 580s BC 570s BC Events and Trends 627 BC - Death of Assurbanipal, king of Assyria; he is succeeded by Assur_etel_ilani (approximate... Categories: Ancient Chinese states | China-related stubs ... The Spring and Autumn Period (Chinese: 春秋時代; Hanyu Pinyin: ) represented an era in Chinese history between 722 BC and 481 BC. The period takes its name from the Spring and Autumn Annals, a chronicle of the period whose authorship was traditionally attributed to Confucius. ... For other senses of this word, see history (disambiguation). ... Centuries: 8th century BC - 7th century BC - 6th century BC Decades: 680s BC 670s BC 660s BC 650s BC 640s BC - 630s BC - 620s BC 610s BC 600s BC 590s BC 580s BC Events and Trends 637 BC - Josiah becomes king of Judah. ... Centuries: 8th century BC - 7th century BC - 6th century BC Decades: 670s BC 660s BC 650s BC 640s BC 630s BC - 620s BC - 610s BC 600s BC 590s BC 580s BC 570s BC Events and Trends 627 BC - Death of Assurbanipal, king of Assyria; he is succeeded by Assur_etel_ilani (approximate... The Zuo Zhuan is a Chinese historical work covering the period from 722 BCE to 463 BCE. It was traditionally believed to have been written by Zuo Qiuming as a commentary to the Spring and Autumn Annals, although this has been questioned by some modern scholars. ...

After Duke Xian made Zhonger's half-brother Xiqi (奚齊) the heir to the state of Jin, Prince Zhonger fled from Jin after the eldest son, Shensheng (申生), was killed. He traveled from state to state for 19 years, earning a reputation as an impressive personality and gaining many talented followers while in exile; a lady of a foreign court once commented that "When I look at the followers of the prince of Jin, every one of them is fit to be a prime minister of a state".

In 636 BC he returned to Jin, guarded by troops from the state of Qin. After ascending the throne, Zhonger initiated multiple reforms such as reorganizing the military and establishing a stronger civil administration. Centuries: 8th century BC - 7th century BC - 6th century BC Decades: 680s BC 670s BC 660s BC 650s BC 640s BC - 630s BC - 620s BC 610s BC 600s BC 590s BC 580s BC Events and Trends 637 BC - Josiah becomes king of Judah. ... Qin or Chin (Wade-Giles) (秦) (778 BC-207 BC) was a state during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods of China. ...

Under Duke Wen, Jin absorbed many small states; however, the people of the absorbed states often welcomed his rule. In 635 BC, Duke Wen refused to absorb the state of Yuan; the state later returned, however, and offered to become a part of Jin, which was finally accepted by Duke Wen. Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...

Duke Wen also helped King Xiang of Zhou to regain his throne. After King Xiang was forced off of the throne by Prince Dai, Duke Wen lead the alliance that reinstated King Xiang. King Xiang of Zhou (d. ...

He led Jin as the head of the coalition of states against the state of Chu. At the battle of Chengpu, Jin troops defeated the state of Chu. At Jiantu, Duke Wen gained hegemony over the states. State of Chu (small seal script, 220 BC) Chu (楚) was a kingdom in what is now southern China during the Spring and Autumn period (722-481 BCE) and Warring States Period (481-212 BCE). ... The Battle of Chengpu (城濮之戰) was a conflict between the states of Jin against Chu and its allies in China in 632 BC during the Spring and Autumn Period. ... Hegemony (pronounced or ) (greek:ηγεμονία) is the dominance of one group over other groups, with or without the threat of force, to the extent that, for instance, the dominant party can dictate the terms of trade to its advantage; more broadly, cultural perspectives become skewed to favor the dominant group. ...

Stories about Duke Wen

One hot summer afternoon during the exile of Duke Wen and his loyal retainers, the sun was so strong that it exhausted him and also made him hungry. His advisor and personal friend Jie Zhitui (介之推) made meat soup for him. Duke Wen drank the soup and felt revitalized but he wondered where his friend managed to find meat to make the soup? It turned out that his friend had cut a piece of flesh from his own leg to make the soup. Duke Wen felt extremely moved by his friend's loyalty and promised to reward him one day.

Duke Wen named a mountain after Jie Zhitui after inadvertantly causing the deaths of Jie and his mother in a fire, in the hope of forcing him out and making him return to his service (after a small dispute had occurred between them). Also, Duke Wen created Hanshi Festival (寒食節), meaning 'cold food festival', as a memorial period for Jie. It lasts for three days including the day before, on and after Qingming Festival (清明節). Please wikify (format) this article as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Burning paper gifts for the departed. ...

Historical TV drama

• Hong Kong Television company TVB made a TV drama about Duke Wen in the early 1990 called "Legend of Duke Wen" (晉文公傳奇), starring popstar Leon Lai as Duke Wen (during the Leon craze period). The series is semi-fictional with added Wuxia scenes to dramatize the storyline.

REDIRECT Television Broadcasts Limited ... A celebrity is a person who is widely recognized in a society. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Poster from the American release of Zhang Yimous 2002 film Hero (英雄) Wǔxiá (also Wu Xia) (Traditional Chinese: 武俠; Simplified Chinese: 武侠; Mandarin IPA: ; Cantonese: mów hàb), literally meaning martial arts chivalry or martial arts heroes, from Chinese, is a distinct genre in Chinese literature, television and cinema. ...

References

• Hansen, Valerie. "The Open Empire."
• Walker, Richard Lewis. "The Multi-state System of Ancient China."

External links

• A simplified Chinese website depicting Duke Wen life and story
• A Traditional Chinese website about Jie Zhitui and the origin of Qingming Festival