This article documents a current sports-related event. Information may change rapidly as the event progresses.

The 2006 Duke University lacrosse team scandal began in April 2006 when three members of Duke University's men's lacrosse team were accused of raping female stripper Crystal Gail Mangum during a party held at the residence of two of the team captains. The investigation has led to the indictment of three members of the lacrosse team. David Evans of Bethesda, Maryland,^[1] Reade Seligmann, and Collin Finnerty, a graduate of Chaminade High School, have been charged with first degree forcible rape, first degree sexual offense, and kidnapping. Duke's nationally ranked lacrosse team's season was suspended for the rest of the season as a result. The event has drawn national attention and highlighted racial tensions in the local North Carolina community. Some have criticized Durham District Attorney Mike Nifong for prosecuting the case in light of an apparent lack of physical evidence, the accuser's lack of credibility, and arguably improper actions by the police that undermine the investigation.^[2][3] Others have suggested the possibility that news coverage favorable to the defendants is a defense strategy.^{[4][citation needed]} Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... April 2006 : ← - January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December- → Events 1 April 2006 (Saturday) Marcos Pontes, Brazils first astronaut, reaches the International Space Station. ... Duke University is a private coeducational research university located in Durham, North Carolina, US. The school, which officially became Duke University in 1924, traces its institutional roots to 1838. ... For other uses, see Lacrosse (disambiguation). ... A striptease dancer performing. ... It is proposed that this article be deleted, because of the following concern: WP:V Unverified claim of criminal record. ... Bethesda is an urbanized, but unincorporated, area in Montgomery County, Maryland, near Washington, D.C. It takes its name from a church located there, the Bethesda Presbyterian Church, built in 1820, which in turn was named from a passage in the New Testament. ... Chaminade High School is a Roman Catholic high school for boys located in Mineola, New York. ... Official language(s) English Capital Raleigh Largest city Charlotte Area  Ranked 28th  - Total 53,865 sq mi (139,509 km²)  - Width 560 miles (901 km)  - Length 150 miles (240 km)  - % water 9. ... Durham skyline Nickname: City of Medicine Official website: http://www. ...

Timeline of events

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• Duke lacrosse season ends, coach resigns

The alleged victim is a 27-year-old African-American woman named Crystal Gail Mangum^[5]. She served in the United States Navy, is a single mother, and a student at North Carolina Central University, a state-owned and historically black college located in Durham, North Carolina. She claims that, on March 13, 2006, three white members of Duke University's lacrosse team beat, strangled, and sexually assaulted her anally, vaginally and orally. Her father, who was unaware of her job until after the rape allegations, told authorities several weeks later that she was also penetrated with a broom. ^{[6] [7]} Image File history File links Wikinews-logo. ... Wikinews is a free-content news source and a project of the Wikimedia Foundation. ... It is proposed that this article be deleted, because of the following concern: WP:V Unverified claim of criminal record. ... The United States Navy (also known as USN or the U.S. Navy) is the branch of the United States armed forces responsible for conducting naval operations. ... North Carolina Central University (NCCU) is a historically black college located in Durham, North Carolina. ... In the United States, Historically Black Colleges And Universities (HBCU) (a type of minority-serving institution or MSI) are colleges or universities that were established before 1964 with the intention of serving the African American community. ... Durham skyline Nickname: City of Medicine Official website: http://www. ... March 13 is the 72nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (73rd in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Before arrival

In an interview with a local newspaper, the accuser said she had worked for an escort service for two months, meeting clients one-on-one several times a week.^[8] She said, however, that this was the first time she had been hired to perform a striptease for a large group of people. She claims that she and another female performer had been hired to perform for a bachelor party of five men at an off-campus house, rented by the team and recently purchased by Duke University.^[8] Fox News reports she acknowledged having sex with at least three men before the party took place.^[9] Based on defense motion exhibits, it has been reported that the accuser told the sexual assault nurse-in-training who examined her at Duke Hospital the evening of the alleged assault that she had consumed one drink of alcohol that evening and had also taken the medication Flexeril, which is a prescription muscle relaxant.^[10] Flexeril, especially when used with alcohol, "may impair mental and/or physical abilities," and it may "enhance the effects of alcohol," according to the drug's manufacturer. The accuser also told a UNC Hospital physician the day after the alleged assault that she was drunk and had consumed "a lot of alcohol." She reportedly later told Durham police detective Benjamin Himan that she had consumed a 24-ounce bottle of beer and two 22-ounce beers.^[10] Escort agencies in theory exist to supply attractive and well-mannered escorts for social occasions. ... A striptease. ...

Upon arrival

She alleges that upon arrival she was surrounded by about 40 men and racial slurs were made. She and the other dancer then allegedly attempted to leave because they felt uncomfortable, but when a player came out to apologize, they decided to return. She claims at that point that she was dragged into the bathroom where the assault then occurred.

Departure

Players then cite a dispute over money and the amount of time the two dancers were expected to perform as the reason for the dancers’ departure.^[11] Tensions increased and shouting ensued on both sides, with some players making racial slurs (the players do not deny that racial slurs took place).

Driving away

The second dancer then allegedly drove her to Kroger and went inside to speak to a security guard at approximately 1 a.m., telling her that a woman refused to leave her car. At that time, the guard walked to the car and asked the alleged victim to leave, but she "couldn't talk at all ... She was out of it." No mention of the alleged assault or robbery took place, the guard recounted. She said that she did not smell alcohol on the alleged victim's breath, but thought she may have been high on drugs. At 1:22 a.m. the guard called 911 to report that the alleged victim refused to leave the car. Police then arrived, tried to remove the alleged victim from the car, and questioned her. ^[12] Kroger headquarters in Cincinnati, Ohio. ...

Mental health facility and hospital

She was then involuntarily committed to the Durham Access Center, a mental health and substance abuse facility, which is where she allegedly told somebody for the first time that she was raped.^[13][14] She was transferred to Duke University Medical Center and received treatment for genital injuries which a doctor and nurse said were consistent with rape according to the Seattle Times. ^[15] However, according to Fox News, defense sources told them that the forensic nurse "did not find abrasions, tears or bleeding in the vaginal area, which is often present in forcible rapes. They say she did find swelling in the vaginal area along with tenderness in the accuser's breasts and lower right quadrant." ^[9] In addition, the accuser admitted to Durham police detective Benjamin Himan that she performed using a vibrator for a couple in a hotel room shortly before the lacrosse party. The defense contends that this by itself could account for the "diffuse edema" that was found on the accuser's vaginal walls by the sexual assault nurse-in-training at the Duke Hospital.^[16] This page is a candidate for speedy deletion because: it contains no encyclopedic content If you disagree with its speedy deletion, please explain why on its talk page or at Wikipedia:Speedy deletions. ... The daily Seattle Times is the leading newspaper in Seattle, Washington, United States. ... Fox News Channels slogan is We Report, You Decide The Fox News Channel is a U.S. cable and satellite news channel. ...

McFadyen e-mail

A couple of hours after the alleged incident, Ryan McFadyen, a member of the team and a Delbarton School alumnus, sent an email to other players saying that he planned to "have some strippers over" and made references to "killing the bitches," then cutting off their skin while ejaculating "in [his] Duke-issue spandex." Delbarton School is a private all-male Roman Catholic college preparatory school in Morris Township, New Jersey, educating students from 7th to 12th grade. ...

The e-mail was provided to Durham police by a confidential source who received the correspondence from the player's Duke e-mail account at 1:58 AM on March 14. The player's defense attorney has called this a "vile" email. The players suggest that the e-mail was conceived as humorous irony. Administrators say the email was an imitation of a character in the Bret Easton Ellis novel American Psycho. McFadyen was not indicted of any crime, but was suspended from the university due to safety concerns.^[17] However, on June 29, 2006, the university reinstated him.^[18] Irony is a literary or rhetorical device in which there is a gap or incongruity between what a speaker or a writer says, and what is understood. ... Bret Easton Ellis (born March 7, 1964 in Los Angeles, California) is an American author. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... June 29 is the 180th day of the year (181st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 185 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Aftermath

The prosecution then ordered 46 of the 47 team members to provide DNA samples (the lone black member was exempt since the accuser had stated that her attackers were white), though some members were absent from the party. On Monday, April 10, it was revealed that DNA testing failed to connect any of the 46 tested members of the Duke University men's lacrosse team to the alleged sexual assault.^[19] After the initial rounds of testing done by the state crime lab were completed, the district attorney sought the services of a private laboratory (DNA Security of Burlington) to conduct additional tests. In this case, there was some DNA found inside the alleged victim from "a single male source", proving that she did have sex with someone.^[20] It has been reported that this DNA was from her boyfriend. ^{[21] [22][23]} The tests from the private laboratory alone cost taxpayers almost $23,000.^[24] April 10 is the 100th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (101st in leap years). ...

DNA from a broken fake fingernail from the alleged victim, retrieved from the trash at the scene of the crime, shows some "similar characteristics" to a third Duke team member who owns the house.^[25] Defense attorneys have suggested that any DNA present may have come from the tissue paper, cotton swabs or other hygiene related trash that had been in the garbage can along with the fingernail. The DA has stated that the lack of DNA is not unusual, considering that 75-80% of all sexual assault cases lack DNA evidence.^[20] Please wikify (format) this article as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ...

Minute-by-minute list of events

The Duke student newspaper, The Chronicle, published this list of events. The header of The Chronicles online edition The Chronicle is the student newspaper at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina. ...

Timeline of March 13

Based on several published reports, The Chronicle offers readers a timeline for the night of March 13 and the early morning of March 14.

11:30 p.m. - Approximate time, according to a Durham police warrant, of the two exotic dancers' arrival at 610 N. Buchanan Blvd.

11:50 p.m. - Neighbor Jason Bissey told the Raleigh News and Observer that he saw two women walk to the back of the house, where they were greeted by a man.

12:00 a.m. - Bissey sees the two women enter the house.

12:02 a.m. - A time-stamped photo provided by defense attorneys shows women dancing in front of the lacrosse players.

12:03 a.m. - Another photo shows both dancers leaving the party.

12:03 a.m.-12:30 a.m. - There is a 27-minute gap where no photos were taken.

12:07, 12:14 a.m. - Phone bills indicate two outgoing calls are made from sophomore Reade Seligmann's cell phone. Seligmann was arrested April 19 and charged with first degree forcible rape, first degree sexual offense and first degree kidnapping.

Sometime before 12:24 a.m. - A taxi driver has said in a written statement that he picked up Seligmann and a friend a block and a half away from the party.

12:24 a.m. - Seligmann's ATM card is used at a Wachovia bank. The taxi driver confirmed that he drove Seligmann and his friend to a bank and fast food restaurant before taking them to West Campus.

12:25 a.m. - Seligmann calls his girlfriend, another Duke sophomore, on his cell phone.

12:20 a.m.-12:30 a.m. - Bissey told the Durham Herald-Sun he saw the women leave the house during this period, only to try to go back inside to retrieve a missing shoe.

12:30 a.m. - A time-stamped photo shows the alleged victim, wearing only one shoe, rifling through her purse and apparently smiling on the back porch of 610 N. Buchanan Blvd.

12:37 a.m. - A photo shows the woman lying on her side on the porch, apparently passed out.

12:41 a.m. - A photo shows the woman sitting in the passenger seat of a car with the door open.

12:45 a.m.-1:00 a.m. - Bissey said he saw the two dancers leave in a car sometime during this time period. He said he saw one man standing adjacent to the East Campus wall, shout "Thank your grandpa for my nice cotton shirt." He added that he saw the players leave the residence shortly thereafter

12:46 a.m. - Seligmann's DukeCard is used to gain access to his Edens dormitory.

12:53 a.m. - The second dancer calls 911, saying white men who came out of 610 N. Buchanan yelled "nigger" at her from near the East Campus wall. Defense attorneys have questioned inconsistencies in the call - the caller first said she was driving, and later said she was walking when the slur was yelled.

12:55 a.m. - Durham Police Department officers arrive at a quiet 610 N. Buchanan Blvd. They saw there was evidence of a party, but nobody answered the door when the officers arrived.

1:22 a.m. - A female grocery clerk at a Kroger located on Hillsborough Road calls 911, saying "There's a lady in someone else's car, and she will not get out.... She's like, intoxicated, drunk or something." According to ABC News, the clerk later told a private investigator that, based on her encounter with the dancer that night. "There ain't no way she was raped."

1:30 a.m. - The police officer who came to respond to the Kroger call tells a dispatcher that the alleged victim does not need medical attention, adding, "She's not in distress. She's just passed-out drunk."

1:58 a.m. - An e-mail sent from the Duke account of sophomore lacrosse player Ryan McFadyen discusses hiring strippers and "killing the bitches."

The timeline was compiled by Jared Mueller and Tiffany Webber using information provided by ABC News, NBC 17 News, the Durham Herald-Sun, The Raleigh News & Observer and The New York Times. ^[26]

Arrests and indictments

Reade Seligmann (left) and Collin Finnerty (right) were charged with rape and kidnapping on April 18, 2006.

On April 18, two members of the lacrosse team, Collin Finnerty (20) and Reade Seligmann (20), were arrested and indicted on charges^[27] of first degree forcible rape, first degree sexual offense and kidnapping.^[28] Image File history File links Mug_shots_of_Seligmann_and_Finnerty. ... Image File history File links Mug_shots_of_Seligmann_and_Finnerty. ... April 18 is the 108th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (109th in leap years). ...

On May 15th, 2006 a third Duke lacrosse team player, Senior and Team Captain David Evans, was indicted on charges of first-degree forcible rape, sexual offense and kidnapping.^[29] Just before turning himself in at the Durham County Detention Center, he made a public statement declaring his innocence and his expectation of exoneration within weeks.

Background of the accused

Collin Finnerty has previously been charged with assaulting a man in Washington DC and shouting anti-gay epithets at him. The victim was not actually gay. He pled guilty and agreed to community service in November 2005 as part of a diversion program. Finnerty will stand trial for the previous assault because the judge decided that he violated the conditions of the program by being arrested again.^[30] Reade Seligmann was one of five Delbarton School alumni at the lacrosse party at which the alleged rape occurred who does not have a criminal record. Seligmann reportedly told teammates, "I'm glad they picked me" after being indicted - possibly alluding to what he believes is a solid alibi in the form of ATM records, photographs, cell phone records, an affidavit from a taxi driver, and a record of his DukeCard being swiped at his dorm.^[31] Dave Evans, a graduate of the Landon School in Bethesda, Maryland, has two violations on his record: a noise violation and an open container of alcohol violation. Delbarton School is a private all-male Roman Catholic college preparatory school in Morris Township, New Jersey, educating students from 7th to 12th grade. ... ratio = 6:1 style=vertical-align: top; Landon School is an independent, non-sectarian school for boys in grades 3-12. ... Bethesda is an urbanized, but unincorporated, area in Montgomery County, Maryland, near Washington, D.C. It takes its name from a church located there, the Bethesda Presbyterian Church, built in 1820, which in turn was named from a passage in the New Testament. ...

Developments in the case

On April 10, defense attorneys stated that time-stamped photographs exist that show the dancer was injured upon arrival and "very impaired." ^[32] The photos were later aired on MSNBC. On April 18, search warrants were executed on Finnerty and Seligmann's dorm rooms.^[33] Items seized include an iPod and other computer materials that investigators listed in their warrant application.^[34] April 10 is the 100th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (101st in leap years). ... MSNBC, a combination of MSN and NBC, is a 24-hour cable news channel in the United States and Canada, and a news Website. ... April 18 is the 108th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (109th in leap years). ... A search warrant is a written warrant issued by a judge or magistrate which authorizes the police to conduct a search of a person or location for evidence of a criminal offense. ... A white 5th generation iPod with a sleeve and earbuds. ...

On April 19, ABC News reported on the existence of evidence placing Seligmann away from the party near the time of the alleged incident. In a written statement, a taxi driver claimed that he picked up Seligmann and another person a block and a half from the party, then drove his passengers to a Wachovia bank. An ATM receipt confirms that Seligmann's card was used to make a withdrawal at 12:24 a.m. Cellular phone records indicate that Seligmann's phone was used to make a phone call to his out-of-state girlfriend one minute later. The taxi driver's statement claims that he next drove Seligmann and his other passenger to a fast food restaurant, where they placed an order, and that he then dropped them off at a Duke University dorm. Electronic records indicate that Seligmann's school ID card was used to gain entry to his dorm at 12:46 a.m. ABC News estimated that Seligmann would have needed to leave the party by 12:19 a.m. in order to meet the taxicab. If the time stamps on photographs from the party are accurate, this would mean that he and the alleged victim were simultaneously present at the party for no more than twenty minutes. ^[35] April 19 is the 109th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (110th in leap years). ... This article is about the American news organization. ... Wachovia Corporation NYSE: WB, based in Charlotte, North Carolina is one of the largest banking chains in the United States. ... An NCR interior, multi-function ATM in the USA Smaller indoor ATMs dispense money inside convenience stores and other busy areas, such as this off-premise Wincor Nixdorf mono-function ATM in Sweden An on-premise NCR interior, multi-function through-the-wall ATM at a CIBC branch in Canada...

On June 8, court documents revealed that the second dancer, in her initial statement, said she was with the alleged victim the entire evening except for a period of less than five minutes. Additionally, after hearing the accuser saying she was sexually assaulted, she called that statement a "crock." Furthermore, in the same court filing, lawyers wrote in a sworn statement that the accuser told the nurse "that she was not choked; that no condoms, fingers or foreign objects were used during the sexual assault." The court filing also said, "The nurse noted that the accuser's arms, legs, head, neck, nose, throat, mouth, chest, breasts and abdomen were all normal." Both prosecutors and police have told the media that "the accuser was hit, kicked and strangled while she was sexually assaulted anally, vaginally and orally."^[36] June 8 is the 159th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (160th in leap years), with 206 days remaining. ...

Publication of the accuser's identity

Partly obscured photos^[37] of the accuser at the party were broadcast by The Abrams Report on cable news channel MSNBC and by local television affiliate NBC 17 WNCN in North Carolina. The accuser claimed she was forced into hiding as a result, while receiving death threats and "stay[ing] with different friends almost every night."^[38] The Abrams Report, hosted by Dan Abrams, is on MSNBC weekdays. ... MSNBC, a combination of MSN and NBC, is a 24-hour cable news channel in the United States and Canada, and a news Website. ... NBC, (Formerly an acronym for the National Broadcasting Company until 2004), is an American television and radio network based in New York Citys Rockefeller Center. ... WNCN (NBC17) is the NBC owned-and-operated (O&O) television station in the Triangle region of North Carolina (the Raleigh-Durham-Fayetteville DMA), broadcasting on analog channel 17 and digital channel 55. ...

On April 21, outspoken talk-radio host Tom Leykis disclosed the name of the rape accuser during his nationally syndicated talk-radio program. Leykis has disclosed identities of alleged victims of sexual assault in the past.^[39] On May 15, MSNBC host Tucker Carlson disclosed the first name of the rape accuser on his show, Tucker.^[40] Court records presented by the defense^[41] reveal the accuser's name to be Crystal Gail Mangum. This name matches the name given by both Tom Leykis and Tucker Carlson months prior. Tom Leykis Thomas Joseph Leykis (born August 1, 1956 in New York, New York) is a radio talk show host, syndicated nationally and internationally (USA and formerly in Canada) by Westwood One. ... Please wikify (format) this article as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Tucker Carlson Tucker Swanson McNear Carlson (born May 16, 1969 in San Francisco, California) is a libertarian pundit who currently hosts Tucker, a national television news show, which is broadcast weekdays at 4 p. ... >Tucker is a television program on MSNBC, hosted by Tucker Carlson. ... It is proposed that this article be deleted, because of the following concern: WP:V Unverified claim of criminal record. ...

Defense and media questioning

Credibility of the accuser

Lawyers for the Duke lacrosse players have said that she was intoxicated and possibly on drugs.^[42] Defense attorney Bill Thomas urged her to retract her statement, saying that the rape allegations were concocted merely to avoid a charge of public drunkenness. The Duke defense lawyers or media reports have said that:

• DNA results showed that it appeared the woman had sex with a man who was not a Duke lacrosse player. Attorney Joseph Cheshire said the tests indicated DNA from a "single male source" came from a vaginal swab taken from the accuser. It has been reported that this DNA is from her boyfriend.^[43]

• She was convicted of stealing a car and sentenced to 3 weekends in detention. (In 2002, she stole a taxi from a man to whom she was giving a lap dance. A high speed chase then ensued, and when the deputy chasing her approached the stolen taxi on foot, she tried to run over him. She pleaded guilty to misdemeanor charges of larceny, speeding to elude arrest, assault on a government official and driving while impaired.)^[44]

• She had made a similar claim in the past which she did not pursue. "On Aug. 18, 1996, the dancer - then 18 years old - told a police officer in Creedmoor she had been raped by three men in June 1993, according to a police document. She did not pursue the allegations. The officer who took the woman's report 10 years ago asked her to write a detailed timeline of the night's events and bring the account back to the police. "Apparently she never returned," Granville County DA Sam Currin said."^[45]

• The accuser told authorities that in 1998, her husband threatened to kill her. However, she did not appear at the court hearing and thus the charges were dropped.^[46]

District attorney's actions

Defense lawyers have been very critical about how the Durham District Attorney, Mike Nifong, has handled the case. They argue that he refused to consider any disculpatory evidence in the indictment hearings and that he crossed ethical lines by making public comments about the case, possibly prejudicing potential jurors.^[47] Nifong, by his own account, gave 50 to 70 interviews in a one week period.^[47] The News & Observer has confirmed that Nifong granted "more than 50 interviews", many with national news organizations.^[48][49] In these interviews, Nifong repeatedly said that he is "pretty confident that a rape occurred."^[50] Since early April, however, Nifong has refused to talk to the media.^[51] The News & Observer logo The front page of The News & Observer from January 26, 2005 The News & Observer is the regional daily newspaper of the Research Triangle area of North Carolina. ...

On July 18, 2006, defense lawyers charged that Nifong made "unprofessional and discourteous" remarks. During a preliminary hearing, Nifong said, "[Defense] attorneys were almost disappointed that their clients didn't get indicted so they could be a part of this spectacle here in Durham." One lawyer ascertained that "Nifong's statement is an insult to the legal profession as a whole and is certainly unwarranted by any facts in this case." Others saw it as a personal insult. Immediately following the remarks, Nifong went on vacation and could not be reached for further comment.^[52] July 18 is the 199th day (200th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 166 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Several media outlets have also attacked how the prosecution has handeled this case. The News & Observer wrote that Nifong "commented publicly about the strength of the medical evidence before he had seen it. He promised DNA evidence that has not materialized. He suggested that police conduct lineups in a way that conflicted with department policy."^[47] The article went on to say that "he made a series of factual assertions that contradicted his own files: He suggested the players used condoms; he accused the players of erecting a wall of silence to thwart investigators; and he said the woman had been hit, kicked and strangled. The medical and police records show that the victim had said no condom was used, that police had interviewed three players at length and taken their DNA samples and that the accuser showed no significant bruises or injuries."^[47] The News & Observer logo The front page of The News & Observer from January 26, 2005 The News & Observer is the regional daily newspaper of the Research Triangle area of North Carolina. ...

The case's prosecution has been criticized by the legal analyst for the National Journal, Stuart Taylor,^[2] as well as New York Times columnists David Brooks^[3] and Nicholas Kristof.^[2] Susan Estrich, a former Harvard law and current USC law professor, who is also a self-proclaimed feminist and victims' rights advocate, also cites serious prosecuturial misconduct and failure to follow basic procedures.^[53] National Journal is a weekly magazine about American politics and government, published by National Journal Group, Inc. ... The New York Times is an internationally known daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed in the United States and many other nations worldwide. ... David Brooks David Brooks (born August 11, 1961) is a columnist for The New York Times who has become one of the prominent voices of conservative politics in the United States. ... Nicholas D. Kristof is a columnist for The New York Times whose specialty is East Asian affairs, especially those of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Susan Estrich (born 16 December 1952) is a lawyer, professor, author, political operative, feminist advocate and Fox News commentator. ... Harvard Law School (HLS) is one of the professional graduate schools of Harvard University. ... USC Law School The University of Southern California Law School (Gould School of Law), located in Los Angeles, CA, is part of the University of Southern California. ... Feminism is a social theory and political movement primarily informed and motivated by the experience of women. ... It has been suggested that Barrister#Advocates in Scotland be merged into this article or section. ...

Durham Police Department's actions

Likewise, lawyers argue that the photo identification process was severely flawed. In this case, the alleged victim was shown photos of 46 lacrosse players one at a time three weeks after the alleged assault, wherein she identified Seligmann and Finnerty with 100% certainty and Dave Evans with 90% certainty. Lawyers maintain that other photos of young white men should have been included to make the identification process legitimate. U.S. Department of Justice guidelines suggest five "fillers" be used for every suspect.^[54] According to the transcript of the photo identification released on The Abrams Report, the alleged victim stated that Dave Evans had a mustache on the night of the attack. Dave Evans' lawyer stated that his client never has had a mustache and that photos as well as eyewitness testimony will reveal that Dave Evans has never had a mustache.^[55] Evans has since been indicted after DNA with "similar characterstics" as him was found on a fake fingernail from the accuser in his trash can. The Abrams Report, hosted by Dan Abrams, is on MSNBC weekdays. ...

Defense lawyers also suggest that police have used intimidation tactics on witnesses. On May 11, Moezeldin Elmostafa, a taxi driver who signed a sworn statement about Seligmann's whereabouts that defense lawyers say provides a solid alibi, was arrested on a 2 1/2 year old shoplifting charge. He was not the accused shoplifter, but had driven them in his cab. Elmostafa said of his arrest, "The detective asked if I had anything new to say about the lacrosse case," Elmostafa said. "When I said no, they took me to the magistrate."^[56] Furthermore, the News & Observer has released that in order "[t]o get warrants, police made statements that weren't supported by information in their files."^[47] Mr. Elmostafa was subsequently tried on the shoplifting charge and was found not guilty.^[57] The News & Observer logo The front page of The News & Observer from January 26, 2005 The News & Observer is the regional daily newspaper of the Research Triangle area of North Carolina. ...

The News & Observer has suggested that the supervisor of the lacrosse investigation, Sgt. Mark Gottlieb, has unfairly targeted Duke students in the past, putting some of his investigational tactics into question.^[58] Gottlieb has made a disproportionate number of arrests of Duke students for misdemeanor violations, such as carrying on open container of alcohol. Normally, these violations earn offenders a pink ticket similar to a traffic ticket. From May 2005 to June 2006, when Sgt. Gottlieb was a patrol officer in District 2, he made 28 total arrests. Twenty of those arrests were Duke students, and at least 15 were handcuffed and taken to jail. This is in stark contrast to the other two officers on duty in the same district during that same 10-month period. They made 64 total arrests, only two of which were Duke students. Similarly, The News & Observer charges that Gottlieb treated nonstudents very differently. For example, he wrote up a young man for illegally carrying a concealed .45-caliber handgun and possession of marijuana (crimes far more severe than the Duke students who were taken to jail committed), but did not take him to jail.^[58] A Cannabis sativa plant The drug cannabis, also called marijuana, is produced from parts of the cannabis plant, primarily the cured flowers and gathered trichomes of the female plant. ...

Duke's student newspaper, The Chronicle, depicted other examples of alleged violence and dishonesty from Sgt. Gottlieb.^[59] Allegedly, one student threw a party at his rental home off-East Campus before the Rolling Stones concert in October 2005. The morning after the concert, at 3 A.M., Sgt. Gottlieb led a raid on the home with nine other officers while the students were "half asleep." One student was allegedly dragged out of bed and then dragged down the stairs. All seven housemates were put in handcuffs, arrested, and taken into custody for allegedly violating a noise ordinance and open container of alcohol violations. Sgt. Gottlieb reportedly told one student who was a U.S. citizen of Serbian heritage, "Do you need to speak to your consulate? We can deport you." Other stories include allegedly throwing a 130 pound male against his car for an open container of alcohol violation, refusing the ID of a student since he was international, searching through a purse without a warrant, refusing to tell a student her rights, and accusations of perjury.^[59] This article is about the rock band. ... Perjury is the act of lying or making verifiably false statements on a material matter under oath or affirmation in a court of law or in any of various sworn statements in writing. ...

Alleged inconsistencies in accuser's story

Police reports as well as defense attorneys' motions and press conferences have brought to light several inconsistencies in the accuser's story, defense lawyers claim. These alleged inconsistencies include:

• Durham police said the accuser "kept changing her story and is not credible," reporting that she initially told them she was raped by 20 white men, later reducing the number to only three.^[60]
• Another police report states that the accuser intially claimed she was merely groped and not raped, but changed her story before going to the hospital.^[61]
• Defense lawyers have said that the alleged victim did not consistently choose the same three defendents in the photo lineups. Evans' lawyer said there were two photo lineups, and in the first one his client was not chosen at all.^[62] Finnerty's lawyer, on the other hand, more recently claimed there were at least six photo lineups.^[63]
• A police report released June 23, 2006, said that she initially claimed she was "attacked by five men [...] and changed her story several times."^[64]
• In its own investigation, The News & Observer, North Carolina's second largest newspaper, determined that the accuser gave at least five different versions of the alleged rape to police and medical interviewers. She also made unclear identifications of suspects in the lineups.^[47]

The News & Observer logo The front page of The News & Observer from January 26, 2005 The News & Observer is the regional daily newspaper of the Research Triangle area of North Carolina, USA. It is based in Raleigh and also covers Durham, Cary and Chapel Hill. ...

Wider effects

Effects on Duke faculty

Mike Pressler, the coach of the lacrosse team, received threatening e-mails and hate calls, had castigating signs placed on his property, and was the frequent victim of vandalism in the aftermath of the accusations.^[65] He resigned in the wake of the allegations and Richard H. Brodhead, president of Duke University, cancelled the remainder of the lacrosse season ^[66] Richard Halleck Brodhead (b. ...

Effect on Duke students

Some students have stated they have been referred to as "rapists" and have been threatened. Shortly after the alleged attack, the President of the University warned in a school-wide e-mail of threats of gang violence against Duke students. Other Duke students were allegedly attacked by people at a restaurant called Cook-Out who were yelling that Cook-Out was Central Territory (NC Central is where the alleged victim attends school, although Duke's campus is significantly closer to Cook-Out than to NCCU's campus)

Lacrosse team members have had their photographs posted prominently around Durham and on the Duke University campus with accompanying captions stating that they are rapists. ^{[67] [68]}

Effect on community relations

The allegations have inflamed already strained relations between Duke University and its host city of Durham, with members of the Duke lacrosse team being vilified in the press and defamed on and off campus. On May 1, the New Black Panthers held a protest outside Duke University. Prior to the protest, representatives of the group informed Duke Police that they did not intend to enter the university ^[69]; however, after the group's leader, Malik Zulu Shabazz, spoke with reporters, the protesters did try to gain access to the University campus, whereupon Duke Police denied the group entrance to the university. The group also held a rally at the university owned house where the rape allegedly occurred. ^[70] May 1 is the 121st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (122nd in leap years). ... The New Black Panthers or New Black Panther Party (NBPP), whose formal name is the New Black Panther Party for Self-Defense, is a U.S.-based black power organization founded in Dallas by community activist and radio producer Aaron Michaels in 1989. ...

Effect on Duke University merchandise

Sales of Duke University apparel, especially lacrosse t-shirts, led the Campus Store's sales to triple from March to April 2006.^[71] T-Shirt A T-shirt (or tee shirt) is a shirt with short or long sleeves, a round neck, put on over the head, without pockets. ...

References

Associated Press logo Associated Press, or AP, is an American news agency, the worlds largest such organization. ... The New York Times is a newspaper published in New York City by Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr. ... The Charlotte Observer, serving Charlotte, North Carolina and its metro area is the largest newspaper, in terms of circulation, in North Carolina. ... The electronic telegraph (the initial lowercase was a marketing device) was Europes first daily web-based newspaper. ... The News & Observer logo The front page of The News & Observer from January 26, 2005 The News & Observer is the regional daily newspaper of the Research Triangle area of North Carolina, USA. It is based in Raleigh and also covers Durham, Cary and Chapel Hill. ... Fox News Channels slogan is We Report, You Decide The Fox News Channel is a U.S. cable and satellite news channel. ... ESPN (formerly an initialism for the Entertainment and Sports Programming Network) is an American cable television network dedicated to broadcasting sports-related programming 24 hours a day. ... This article is about the American news organization. ... Screenshot from The Smoking Gun The Smoking Gun is a website that posts legal documents, arrest records, and police mugshots on a daily basis. ... ESPN (formerly an initialism for the Entertainment and Sports Programming Network) is an American cable television network dedicated to broadcasting sports-related programming 24 hours a day. ... Associated Press logo Associated Press, or AP, is an American news agency, the worlds largest such organization. ... This article is about the American news organization. ... Fox News Channels slogan is We Report, You Decide The Fox News Channel is a U.S. cable and satellite news channel. ... Associated Press logo Associated Press, or AP, is an American news agency, the worlds largest such organization. ... Associated Press logo Associated Press, or AP, is an American news agency, the worlds largest such organization. ... The Pittsburgh Tribune-Review is a newspaper in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. It was founded in 1992 as an offshoot of the Greensburg Tribune-Review following a press strike at the two previously dominant Pittsburgh dailies. ... The header of The Chronicles online edition The Chronicle is the student newspaper at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina. ... FindLaw is a legal resource website owned by the Thomson Corporation. ... The header of The Chronicles online edition The Chronicle is the student newspaper at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina. ... Associated Press logo Associated Press, or AP, is an American news agency, the worlds largest such organization. ... Associated Press logo Associated Press, or AP, is an American news agency, the worlds largest such organization. ... ESPN (formerly an initialism for the Entertainment and Sports Programming Network) is an American cable television network dedicated to broadcasting sports-related programming 24 hours a day. ... This article is about the American news organization. ... The News & Observer logo The front page of The News & Observer from January 26, 2005 The News & Observer is the regional daily newspaper of the Research Triangle area of North Carolina, USA. It is based in Raleigh and also covers Durham, Cary and Chapel Hill. ... WNCN-TV (NBC 17) is the NBC owned-and-operated (O&O) station in the Triangle region of North Carolina, broadcasting on channel 17. ... Daily News Building, Raymond Hood, architect, rendering by Hugh Ferriss. ... The Chicago Tribune is a major daily newspaper based in Chicago, Illinois. ... MSNBC, a combination of MSN and NBC, is a 24-hour cable news channel in the United States and Canada, and a news Website. ... This article is about the American news organization. ... Associated Press logo Associated Press, or AP, is an American news agency, the worlds largest such organization. ... ESPN (formerly an initialism for the Entertainment and Sports Programming Network) is an American cable television network dedicated to broadcasting sports-related programming 24 hours a day. ... The header of The Chronicles online edition The Chronicle is the student newspaper at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina. ... The Los Angeles Times (also L.A. Times) is a daily newspaper published in Los Angeles, California and distributed throughout the Western United States. ... The News & Observer logo The front page of The News & Observer from January 26, 2005 The News & Observer is the regional daily newspaper of the Research Triangle area of North Carolina, USA. It is based in Raleigh and also covers Durham, Cary and Chapel Hill. ... The News & Observer logo The front page of The News & Observer from January 26, 2005 The News & Observer is the regional daily newspaper of the Research Triangle area of North Carolina, USA. It is based in Raleigh and also covers Durham, Cary and Chapel Hill. ... The News & Observer logo The front page of The News & Observer from January 26, 2005 The News & Observer is the regional daily newspaper of the Research Triangle area of North Carolina, USA. It is based in Raleigh and also covers Durham, Cary and Chapel Hill. ... USA Today is a national American newspaper published by the Gannett Corporation. ... The News & Observer logo The front page of The News & Observer from January 26, 2005 The News & Observer is the regional daily newspaper of the Research Triangle area of North Carolina, USA. It is based in Raleigh and also covers Durham, Cary and Chapel Hill. ... The Herald Sun is a newspaper in Melbourne, Australia, that is published by The Herald and Weekly Times Ltd, a subsidiary of Rupert Murdochs News Corporation. ... The current version of the article or section reads like an advertisement. ... WNCN-TV (NBC 17) is the NBC owned-and-operated (O&O) station in the Triangle region of North Carolina, broadcasting on channel 17. ... Associated Press logo Associated Press, or AP, is an American news agency, the worlds largest such organization. ... The News & Observer logo The front page of The News & Observer from January 26, 2005 The News & Observer is the regional daily newspaper of the Research Triangle area of North Carolina, USA. It is based in Raleigh and also covers Durham, Cary and Chapel Hill. ... The first issue of Sports Illustrated, August 16, 1954, showing Milwaukee Braves star Eddie Matthews at bat in Milwaukee County Stadium. ... WRAL-TV, WRAL5 is a broadcast television station based in Raleigh, North Carolina. ... WRAL-TV, WRAL5 is a broadcast television station based in Raleigh, North Carolina. ... WRAL-TV, WRAL5 is a broadcast television station based in Raleigh, North Carolina. ... Associated Press logo Associated Press, or AP, is an American news agency, the worlds largest such organization. ... The header of The Chronicles online edition The Chronicle is the student newspaper at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina. ... The header of The Chronicles online edition The Chronicle is the student newspaper at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina. ... The News & Observer logo The front page of The News & Observer from January 26, 2005 The News & Observer is the regional daily newspaper of the Research Triangle area of North Carolina, USA. It is based in Raleigh and also covers Durham, Cary and Chapel Hill. ... WRAL-TV, WRAL5 is a broadcast television station based in Raleigh, North Carolina. ...

External links

• Duke Rape Scandal Photo Gallery
• Indictments (North Carolina v. Finnerty, Seligmann) FindLaw
• Dorm Room Search Warrants FindLaw
• NPR: Duke Lacrosse Players Arrested on Rape Charges
• Collected stories from The (Raleigh, N.C.) News & Observer