| Term | Incumbent | Notes |
| "Masław's state" |
| ca.1037 to 1047 | Masław | The cup-bearer of Mieszko II who tried to establish his own state in Masovia, defeated by Kazimierz I |
| Duchy of Masovia-Kuyavia |
| 1138 to 1173 | Bolesław IV Kędzierzawy | son of Boleslaus the Wrymouth |
| 1173 to 1186 | Leszek | son of Bolesław IV Kędzierzawy |
| 1186 to 1194 | Kazimierz II Sprawiedliwy | (the Just), son of Boleslaus the Wrymouth |
| 1194 to 1200 | Leszek I Biały | (the Pale), co-regent with his brother listed below |
| 1194 to 1247 | Konrad I Mazowiecki | |
| 1194 to 1200 | Helena Znojemska | regent, died in 1206 |
| Duchy of Masovia (Płock) |
| 1229 to 1248 | Bolesław I | son of Konrad I |
| 1247 to 1262 | Siemowit I | brother of Bolesław I |
| 1262 to 1264 | Perejesława Halicka | widow, ruled as a regent |
| Duchy of Czersk |
| 1264 to 1294 | Konrad II | |
| Duchy of Masovia |
| 1262 to 1313 | Bolesław II | united, and then divided the duchy among his sons |
| Duchy of Rawa |
| 1310 to 1345 | Siemowit II | one of the sons, after his death the duchy divided among the nephews of Trojden I |
| Duchy of Czersk and Warsaw |
| 1310 to 1341 | Trojden I | |
| 1341 to 1355 | Kazimierz I | since 1351 a vassal of Poland; after his death in 1355 the land reunited with the rest of Masovia |
| Duchy of Płock |
| 1313 to 1336 | Wacław I | son of Bolesław II, after 1329 vassal of Bohemia |
| 1336 to 1351 | Bolesław III | until 1340 his fiefdom ruled by regents; vassal of Bohemia, after his death in 1351 his lands divided between the other dukes of Masovia and Poland |
| Duchy of Halicz |
| 1323 to 1340 | Bolesław Jerzy II | son of Trojden I, between his death in 1340 and 1366 Duchy of Halicz is gradually annexed by Poland |
| Duchy of Masovia |
| 1341 to 1381 | Siemowit III | brother of Kazimierz I, duke in Warsaw and Czersk; until 1370 managed to reunite much of the Masovian domain including Płock, but in 1374 divided it between his sons |
| Duchy of Płock |
| 1374 to 1426 | Siemowit IV | son of Siemowit III, since 1386 hereditary vassal of Poland, after 1382 lost much of his domain to Teutonic Order (Bełz, Wizna, Zawkrze, Płońsk) |
| 1426 to 1427 | Trojden II | son of Siemowit III, co-regent. |
| Duchy of Rawa |
| 1426 to 1442 | Siemowit V | son of Siemowit V |
| 1442 to 1459 | Małgorzata Raciborska | received the town of Gostynin as her dowry while the rest of the domain was joined with Płock |
| Duchy of Bełz |
| 1426 to 1442 | Kazimierz II | son of Siemowit IV, until 1434 a co-regent (with brothers), after his death Bełz joined with Płock |
| United Duchy of Płock |
| 1426 to 1455 | Władysław I | son of Siemowit IV |
| 1455 to 1481 | Anna Oleśnicka | widow of Władysław I, received Sochaczew, Koło and Mszczonów as her dowry |
| 1455 to 1461/1462 | Siemowit VI and Władysław II | sons of Władysław I, since 1459 only in Gostynin |
| around 1462 | Paweł Giżycki | bishop of Płock, as regent; after 1462 Gostynin, Rawa and Bełz to Poland while Płock, Płońsk, Wizna and Zawkrze to Duchy of Warsaw |
| Duchy of Warsaw |
| 1373 to 1429 | Janusz I | son of Siemowit III, since 1386 hereditary vassal of Poland, after 1391 Duke of Podlasie |
| 1429 to 1454 | Bolesław IV | until 1436 regency of his mother, Ann of Kiev, between 1440 and 1444 only as Duke of Podlasie |
| 1454 to 1562 | Siemowit VI | |
| around 1462 | Barbara Ruska and Paweł Giżycki | co-regents: widow of Bolesław IV and bishop of Płock |
| Duchy of Płock |
| 1454 to 1475 | Kazimierz III | son of Bolesław IV, until 1471 co-regent (with brothers), after 1471 as administrator of the land (belonging to the bishops), abdicated in 1475 but ruled until 1480 as bishop of Płock |
| 1471 to 1495 | Janusz II | brother of Kazimierz III, ruled in Ciechanów and Łomża, after his brothers' abdication also titular ruler of Płock, Płońsk, Wizna, Zawkrze, after 1485 also Błonie, Kamieniec and Wyszogród; after his death the duchy annexed by Poland |
| Duchy of Warsaw |
| 1471 to 1488 | Bolesław V | son of Bolesław IV, after his death his domain rejoined with the remaining part of Masovia |
| Duchy of Masovia |
| 1454 to 1503 | Konrad III Rudy | (the Red), son of Bolesław IV, reunited most of Masovia still not controlled by Poland, including Płock, Płońsk, Czersk, Wyszogród and Warsaw |
| 1503 to 1524/1526 | Stanisław I and Janusz III | sons of Konrad III Rudy, until 1518 regency of their mother Anna Radziwiłł, then co-regents (until Stanisław's death in 1524); in 1526 Masovia annexed by Poland |