NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Dunkeld

Dunkeld (Dùn Chailleann in Scottish Gaelic) is a small town in Strathtay, Perth and Kinross, Scotland, approximately 15 miles north of Perth on the A9 road into the Scottish Highlands and on the opposite (north) side of the River Tay from the Victorian village of Birnam. Dunkeld and Birnam share a railway station, Dunkeld and Birnam, on the Highland Main Line. Population 1,170 (2004). Scottish Gaelic (GÃ idhlig) is a member of the Goidelic branch of Celtic languages. ... The River Tay looking eastwards from Perth The River Tay, in terms of flow (193 kilometres or 120 miles), is the longest river in Scotland. ... Perth and Kinross (Peairt agus Ceann Rois in Gaelic) is one of 32 unitary council areas in Scotland, and a Lieutenancy Area. ... Motto: (Latin) No one provokes me with impunity1 Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official language(s) English, Gaelic, Scots2 Government - Queen Queen Elizabeth II - UK Prime Minister Tony Blair MP - First Minister Jack McConnell MSP Unification - by Kenneth I 843 Area - Total 78,772 km... A mile is a unit of length, usually used to measure distance, in a number of different systems, including Imperial units, United States customary units and Norwegian/Swedish mil. ... The Royal Burgh of Perth (Peairt in Scottish Gaelic) is a large burgh in central Scotland. ... The A9 north of Brora The A9 is a major road running from the Falkirk area in the south of Scotland to Thurso in the far north, via Stirling, Bridge of Allan, Perth and Inverness. ... The Scottish Highlands are the mountainous regions of Scotland north and west of the Highland Boundary Fault. ... The River Tay looking eastwards from Perth The River Tay, in terms of flow (193 kilometres or 120 miles), is the longest river in Scotland. ... Passengers bustle around the typical grand edifice of Londons Broad Street Station in 1865. ... The Highland Main Line is a railway line in Scotland. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

1 Early history
2 The Middle Ages
3 The Battle of Dunkeld
4 Townscape
5 Hilton Dunkeld House
6 Map reference
7 References
8 See also

Early history

Atholl Memorial Fountain

The name Dùn Chailleann means Fort of the Caledonii or of the Caledonians.^[1] The 'fort' is presumably that on King's Seat, slightly north of the town (NO 009 440). Both these place-names imply an early importance for the area of the later town and bishop's seat, stretching back into the Iron Age. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1242x1815, 252 KB)Fountain at Dunkeld, Scotland This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1242x1815, 252 KB)Fountain at Dunkeld, Scotland This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder. ... Iron Age Axe found on Gotland This article is about the archaeological period known as the Iron Age, for the mythological Iron Age see Iron Age (mythology). ...

Dunkeld (Duncalden and variants in early documents) is said to have been 'founded' or 'built' by Caustantín son of Fergus, king of the Picts (d. 820), this foundation likely referring to one of an ecclesiastical nature on a site already of secular importance. The 'Apostles' Stone', an elaborate but badly worn cross-slab preserved in the Cathedral Museum, may date to this time. A well-preserved bronze 'Celtic' hand bell formerly kept in the church of the parish of Little Dunkeld (now within the village of Birnam), on the south bank of the Tay opposite Dunkeld, may also survive from the early monastery (replica in Cathedral Museum). To the early church or monastery, Cináed mac Ailpín (843-58) is reputed to have brought a part of the relics of St Columba from Iona 'to a church that he built'. The relics were divided in Kenneth's time between Dunkeld and the Columban monastery at Kells, Co. Westmeath, Ireland, to preserve them from Viking raids. The dedication of the later medieval Cathedral was to St Columba. This early church was for a time the chief ecclesiastical site of eastern Scotland (a status yielded in the 10th century to St Andrews). An entry in the Annals of Ulster for 865 refers to the death of Tuathal son of Artgus primepscop (Old Irish 'chief bishop') of Fortriu and Abbot of Dunkeld. The monastery was raided by Danish Vikings, sailing up the river Tay, in 903, but continued to flourish into the 11th century when its Abbot, Crínán of Dunkeld (d. 1045), by marrying one of the daughters of Máel Coluim mac Cináeda (1005-34) became the ancestor of later Kings of Scots through his son Donnchad (1034-40).^[2] CaustantÃn (Scottish Gaelic: CaustantÃn mac Fergusa) was king of DÃ¡l Riada and king of the Picts or Fortriu, in modern Scotland, from 789 until 820. ... A replica of the Hilton of Cadboll Stone. ... Events Michael II succeeds Leo V as Byzantine Emperor The Historia Brittonum is written (approximate date) Births Rhodri Mawr (the Great), ruler of Gwynedd (Wales) (approximate date) Photius I, patriarch of Constantinople (approximate date) Deaths December 24: Leo V, Byzantine Emperor (assassinated) Shankara, Hinduist teacher Tang Xian Zong, emperor of... Tay can refer to any of the following: The Tay is a river in the highlands of Scotland. ... CinÃ¡ed mac AilpÃn (after 800â€“13 February 858) (Anglicised Kenneth MacAlpin) conquered the Picts and, according to national myth, first king of Scots. ... Saint Columba (7 December 521 - 9 June 597) is sometimes referred to as Columba of Iona, or, in Old Irish, as Saint Colm Cille or Columcille (meaning Dove of the church). He was the outstanding figure among the Gaelic missionary monks who reintroduced Christianity to Scotland during the Dark Ages. ... Iona village viewed from a short distance offshore. ... Kenneth is a male given name. ... An old mill at Kells Folio 34r of the Book of Kells contains the Chi Rho monogram. ... County Westmeath (Irish: An Iarmhí) is a county situated in the Irish Midlands, in the western part of the province of Leinster. ... The term Viking commonly denotes the ship-borne explorers, traders, and warriors of the Norsemen (literally, men from the north) who originated in Scandinavia and raided the coasts of the British Isles, France and other parts of Europe as far east as the Volga River in Russia from the late... Saint Columba (7 December 521 - 9 June 597) is sometimes referred to as Columba of Iona, or, in Old Irish, as Saint Colm Cille or Columcille (meaning Dove of the church). He was the outstanding figure among the Gaelic missionary monks who reintroduced Christianity to Scotland during the Dark Ages. ... Named after Saint Andrew the Apostle, the Royal Burgh of St Andrews (Scottish Gaelic: ) is a town on the east coast of Fife, Scotland, and the home of golf. ... The Annals of Ulster are a chronicle of medieval Ireland. ... Events Ethelred succeeds as king of Wessex (or 866). ... Fortriu or the the Kingdom of Fortriu is the name given by historians for an ancient Pictish kingdom, and often used synonymously with Pictland in general. ... The Bishop of Dunkeld is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Dunkeld in the Province of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh. ... The name Viking is a loan from the native Scandinavian term for the Norse seafaring warriors who raided the coasts of Scandinavia, Europe and the British Isles from the late 8th century to the 11th century, the period of European history referred to as the Viking Age. ... Tay can refer to any of the following: The Tay is a river in the highlands of Scotland. ... CrÃnÃ¡n of Dunkeld (died 1045) was the lay abbot of the diocese of Dunkeld, and perhaps the Mormaer of Atholl. ... MÃ¡el Coluim mac CinÃ¡eda (anglicised Malcolm II) (c. ... Duncan I (Donnchad mac CrÃnÃ¡in) (1001 - August 15, 1040) was a son of Crinan the Thane de Mormaer, lay abbot of Dunkeld, and Princess Bethoc of Scotland. ...

The Middle Ages

The see of Dunkeld was revived by Alexander I (1107-24). Between 1183 and 1189 the newly-formed diocese of Argyll was separated off from that of Dunkeld, which originally stretched to the west coast of Scotland.^[3] By 1300 the Bishops of Dunkeld administered a diocese comprising sixty parish churches, a number of them oddly scattered within the sees of St Andrews and Dunblane.^[4] The much-restored Cathedral choir, still in use as the parish church, is unaisled and dates to the 13th and 14th centuries. The aisled nave was erected from the early 15th century. The western tower, south porch and chapter house (which houses the Cathedral Museum) were added between 1450 and 1475.^[5] The Cathedral was stripped of its rich furnishings after the mid-16th century Reformation. The nave and porch have been roofless since the early 17th century, and they and the tower are in the care of Historic Scotland. Alexander I (Alasdair mac MaÃl Coluim) (c. ... Events Three-year old Emperor Go-Toba ascends to the throne of Japan after the forced abdication of his brother Antoku during the Genpei War William of Tyre excommunicated by the newly appointed Heraclius of Jerusalem, firmly ending their struggle for power Andronicus I Comnenus becomes the Byzantine emperor Births... Events January 21 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade September 3- Richard I of England is crowned as king of England. ... Argyll, archaically Argyle (Airthir-Ghaidheal in Gaelic, translated as [the] East Gael, or [the] East Irish), sometimes called Argyllshire, is a traditional county of Scotland. ... Events February 22 - Jubilee of Pope Boniface VIII. March 10 - Wardrobe accounts of King Edward I of Englanddo (aka Edward Longshanks) include a reference to a game called creag being played at the town of Newenden in Kent. ... Named after Saint Andrew the Apostle, the Royal Burgh of St Andrews (Scottish Gaelic: ) is a town on the east coast of Fife, Scotland, and the home of golf. ... Dunblane (Gaelic: DÃ¹n BhlÃ thain) is a small town north of Stirling in the Stirling council area in Scotland. ... // March - French troops under Guy de Richemont besiege the English commander in France, Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, in Caen. ... In 1509 Balboa tried to join a Spanish expedition but could not because he owed so many debts January 10â€”Stephen III of Moldavia defeats the Ottoman Empire at the Battle of Vaslui. ... The Protestant Reformation was a movement which began in the 16th century as a series of attempts to reform the Roman Catholic Church, but ended in division and the establishment of new institutions, most importantly Lutheranism, Reformed churches, and Anabaptists. ... Historic Scotland is the Scottish agency looking after historic monuments. ...

Below the ceiling vault of the tower ground floor are remnants of pre-Reformation murals showing biblical scenes (c. 1490), one of very few such survivals in Scotland. The clearest to survive is a representation of the Judgement of Solomon. This reflects the medieval use of this space as the Bishop's Court. Within the tower are preserved fragments of stonework associated with the Cathedral and the surrounding area, including a Pictish carving of a horseman with a spear and drinking-horn, and a number of medieval grave-monuments. The Protestant Reformation was a movement which began in the 16th century as a series of attempts to reform the Roman Catholic Church, but ended in division and the establishment of new institutions, most importantly Lutheranism, Reformed churches, and Anabaptists. ... Motto: (Latin) No one provokes me with impunity1 Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official language(s) English, Gaelic, Scots2 Government - Queen Queen Elizabeth II - UK Prime Minister Tony Blair MP - First Minister Jack McConnell MSP Unification - by Kenneth I 843 Area - Total 78,772 km... King Solomon Latin name (Hebrew: ×©Ö°××œÖ¹×žÖ¹×”, (Shlomo) Standard Tibe88rian ; Arabic: Ø³Ù„ÙŠÙ…Ø§Ù†, Sulayman; all essentially meaning peace) is a figure described in Middle Eastern scriptures as a wise ruler of an empire centred on the united Kingdom of Israel. ...

The Cathedral Museum is housed in the former chapter house and sacristy, on the north side of the choir. After the Reformation this chamber was used as a burial aisle by the Earls, Marquises and Dukes of Atholl, and contains a number of elaborate monuments of the 17th-early 19th centuries. Also preserved within the Museum are two early Christian cross-slabs, a number of communion and other items, and a display on the history of Dunkeld and the Cathedral. In June 2005, there was a major theft from the Cathedral Museum. Items stolen including a quaich, communion cups, and 'a cast-bronze beadle’s bell with a wooden handle that was used in the cathedral from the 17th century.' A chapter house is a building or room attached to a cathedral or collegiate church in which meetings are held. ... A sacristy is a room for keeping vestments (such as the cassock and chasuble) and other church furnishings, sacred vessels and church treasures. ... A choir or chorus is a musical ensemble of singers. ... The Protestant Reformation was a movement which began in the 16th century as a series of attempts to reform the Roman Catholic Church, but ended in division and the establishment of new institutions, most importantly Lutheranism, Reformed churches, and Anabaptists. ... The Highlands district of Atholl or Athole in the north of Perthshire in Scotland lies between Braemar, Badenoch, Breadalbane and Lochaber. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A decorated silver quaich A Quaich (IPA: kweÉªx) (or archaically Quaigh), is a special kind of shallow two-handled drinking cup or bowl in Scotland. ... For the death metal band from Sweden, see Eucharist (band) The Eucharist (or Communion or The Lords Supper etc. ... Look up Beadle on Wiktionary, the free dictionary Disambiguation: for the English television presenter please see Jeremy Beadle Beadle was originally a title given to a Saxon officer who summoned householders to council. ...

The Battle of Dunkeld

Most of the original town was destroyed during the Battle of Dunkeld when, in August 1689, the 26th Foot (Cameronian Regiment) successfully fought the Jacobites shortly after their victory at the Battle of Killiecrankie. Holes made by musket-ball strikes during the battle can still be seen in the walls of the Cathedral. The Battle of Dunkeld was fought between Highland clans supporting James II and a government regiment of covenanters supporting William of Orange, in the streets around Dunkeld Cathedral, Dunkeld, Scotland, on August 21, 1689, and formed part of the first Jacobite rising. ... Events Louis XIV of France passed the Code Noir, allowing the full use of slaves in the French colonies. ... The 26th Regiment of Foot was an infantry regiment of the British Army. ... This article is not about the Jacobite Orthodox Church, nor is it about Jacobinism or the earlier Jacobean period. ... Combatants Jacobite Royalists (Highlanders & Irish) Orange Royalists (Covenanters, Lowlanders) Commanders Viscount Dundeeâ€ Hugh Mackay Strength 2400 foot 3500 foot Casualties 800, inc. ...

Townscape

The rebuilt town is one of the most complete 18th-century country towns in Scotland. Many of the harled (rough-cast) vernacular buildings have been restored by the National Trust for Scotland (NTS). The present street layout of the older part of town consists of a 'Y-shaped' arrangement, parallel with the Tay, comprising a single street (Brae Street/High Street) sloping down from the east into the long 'V' of the market place, known as The Cross. Closes (lanes) leading off this main street give access to the backlands of the houses (a traditional arrangement in Scottish towns). On the site of the traditional market cross the fanciful neo-Gothic Atholl Memorial Fountain (NTS) was built in 1866, as a monument to George Murray, 6th Duke of Atholl (1814-64). The Fountain is notable for its heraldry and Masonic symbolism, the 6th Duke having been Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, 1843-64. Motto: (Latin) No one provokes me with impunity1 Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official language(s) English, Gaelic, Scots2 Government - Queen Queen Elizabeth II - UK Prime Minister Tony Blair MP - First Minister Jack McConnell MSP Unification - by Kenneth I 843 Area - Total 78,772 km... The standard of the NTS The National Trust for Scotland, or NTS, describes itself as The conservation charity that protects and promotes Scotlands natural and cultural heritage for present and future generations to enjoy. ... Tay can refer to any of the following: The Tay is a river in the highlands of Scotland. ... Sir George Augustus Frederick John Murray, 6th Duke of Atholl KT (20 September 1814â€“16 January 1864) was the son of James Murray, 1st Lord Glenlyon. ... The Grand Lodge of Antient, Free and Accepted Masons of Scotland was founded in 1736 â€“ although, in fact, only about a third of the independent lodges were represented at the foundation meeting of the Grand Lodge. ...

At the west end of The Cross is the Ell Shop (NTS), built 1757, which takes its name from the iron ell (weaver's measure) fixed against one corner. This building is said to be on the site of the town's medieval hospital, dedicated to St George. At the north-west corner of the same row is the Duchess of Atholl Girls' School, erected 1853 in neo-Gothic style, and generally known as the Duchess Anne after its founder Anne Home-Drummond (1814-97), spouse of the 6th Duke of Atholl and Mistress of the Robes to Queen Victoria. The building is used for exhibition and other purposes, notably the popular annual Dunkeld Art Exhibition in summer. 1757 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... An ell, when used as a unit of length, is usually 45 inches, i. ... For alternate uses, see Saint George (disambiguation) Saint George on horseback rides alongside a wounded dragon being led by a princess, late 19th century engraving. ... 1853 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Anne, Duchess of Atholl (17 June 1814_22 May 1897) was born Anne Home-Drummond, daughter of Henry Home-Drummond of Blair Drummond. ... The title Duke of Atholl, named after Atholl in Scotland, was created several times in British history. ... The Mistress of the Robes is the senior lady of the British Royal Household. ... Victoria Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Empress of India Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria) (24 May 1819–22 January 1901) was a Queen of the United Kingdom, reigning from 20 June 1837 until her death. ...

The left arm of the 'Y' leads along Cathedral Street to the medieval Cathedral, and the right arm (now largely blocked off) originally led to Dunkeld House, built by Sir William Bruce in 1676-84 for the 1st Marquis of Atholl. Demolished in 1827, this was one of Scotland's major 17th century mansions. A neo-Gothic replacement was begun on the same site but thankfully never completed (no visible remains). The area around the Cathedral was the original focus of settlement in Dunkeld in medieval (and doubtless earlier) times. Here stood the manses of the Cathedral clergy, with the Bishop's Palace to the west of the church. This was also the position of the medieval bridge over the Tay. Sir William Bruce (1630-1710) was a Scottish architect. ... The Highlands district of Atholl or Athole in the north of Perthshire in Scotland lies between Braemar, Badenoch, Breadalbane and Lochaber. ... Motto: (Latin) No one provokes me with impunity1 Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official language(s) English, Gaelic, Scots2 Government - Queen Queen Elizabeth II - UK Prime Minister Tony Blair MP - First Minister Jack McConnell MSP Unification - by Kenneth I 843 Area - Total 78,772 km... Tay can refer to any of the following: The Tay is a river in the highlands of Scotland. ...

The alignment of the town was radically altered in 1809 by the building of a new stone bridge over the Tay by Thomas Telford at the east end of the town, and the laying out of a new street (Bridge Street-Atholl Street) at right angles to the old alignment. This street, which retains much of its Georgian appearance, was part of the main route north to Inverness until Dunkeld was bypassed by the A9 in the 1970s. Year 1809 (MDCCCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar). ... Tay can refer to any of the following: The Tay is a river in the highlands of Scotland. ... Thomas Telford (August 9, 1757 - September 2, 1834) was born in Westerkirk, Scotland. ... Inverness (Inbhir Nis in Scottish Gaelic) is the only city in the Highland council area and the Highlands of Scotland. ...

Hilton Dunkeld House

Dunkeld is home to Hilton Dunkeld House & Country Club. Based on a summer house built by George Murray, 6th Duke of Atholl.

Map reference

Ordnance Survey grid reference NO026426

Part of an Ordnance Survey map at 1 inch to the mile scale from 1945 Ordnance Survey (OS) is an executive agency of the United Kingdom government. ... The British national grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references commonly used in Great Britain, different from using latitude or longitude. ...

References

^ See Caledonia and Caledonian Confederacy.
^ See Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS) South-East Perth, Edinburgh 1994, 89-90, for a summary of the early history of Dunkeld, and descriptions of the 'Apostles' Stone' and other early sculpture.
^ RCAHMS Argyll, Volume 2: Lorn, Edinburgh 1974, 160.
^ McNeill, P G B & MacQueen, H L (eds) Atlas of Scottish History to 1707, Edinburgh 1996, 353.
^ RCAHMS 1994 (op cit), 124.

Caledonia is the Latin name, given by the Roman Empire to a northern area of the island of Great Britain. ... The Caledonian Confederacy is a name given by historians to a group of disparate tribes inhabiting the Scottish Highlands at the time of the Roman occupation of Britain. ...

Contents

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