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Encyclopedia > Dural venous sinuses
Dural venous sinuses
Dural veins
Sagittal section of the skull, showing the sinuses of the dura.
Gray's subject #171 654
MeSH A07.231.908.224

The dural venous sinuses (also called dural sinuses or cerebral sinuses) are venous channels found between layers of dura mater in the brain. They receive blood from internal and external veins of the brain and ultimately empty into the internal jugular vein. Damage to the walls of the dural sinuses may result in dural sinus thrombosis. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a huge controlled vocabulary (or metadata system) for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. ... In biology, a vein is a blood vessel which carries blood toward the heart. ... The dura mater (from the Latin hard mother), or pachymeninx, is the tough and inflexible outermost of the three layers of the meninges surrounding the brain. ... In animals, the brain, or encephalon (Greek for in the head), is the control center of the central nervous system. ... Human blood smear: a - erythrocytes; b - neutrophil; c - eosinophil; d - lymphocyte. ... In biology, a vein is a blood vessel which carries blood toward the heart. ... The external and internal jugular veins are veins that bring deoxygenated blood from the head back to the heart via the superior vena cava. ...

Contents

Venous sinuses

The superior sagittal sinus lies within the superior border of the falx cerebri, a two-layered dural structure separating the two cerebral hemispheres. ... Several large dural sinuses, such as the superior and inferior sagittal sinuses, are visible with a sagittal cut through the brain. ... The superior sagittal sinus, straight sinus, and occipital sinus connect at a series of channels that comprise the confluence of sinuses, which is found beneath the occipital protuberance of the skull. ...

Structure

The walls of the dural venous sinuses are composed of dura mater lined with endothelium, a specialized layer of flattened cells found in blood vessels. They differ from other blood vessels in that they lack a full set of vessel layers (e.g. tunica media) characteristic of arteries and veins. The dura mater (from the Latin hard mother), or pachymeninx, is the tough and inflexible outermost of the three layers of the meninges surrounding the brain. ... The endothelium is the layer of thin, flat cells that lines the interior surface of blood vessels, forming an interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall. ... Squamous cells are basically types of cells which can be identified histologically by the fact that they look flattened and thin under a microscope. ... The arterial system The blood vessels are part of the circulatory system and function to transport blood throughout the body. ... The tunica media (or just media) is the middle layer of an artery. ... Section of an artery For other uses see Artery (disambiguation) Arteries are muscular blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. ... In biology, a vein is a blood vessel which carries blood toward the heart. ...


Clinical relevance

Damage to the dura mater, which may be caused by skull fracture, may result blood clot formation (thrombosis) within the dural sinuses. While rare, dural sinus thrombosis may lead to hemorrhagic infarction with serious consequences including epilepsy, neurological deficits, or death. The dura mater (from the Latin hard mother), or pachymeninx, is the tough and inflexible outermost of the three layers of the meninges surrounding the brain. ... Thrombosis is the formation of a clot or thrombus inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... In medicine, infarction is necrosis of tissue due to upstream obstruction of its arterial blood supply. ...


References

  • Kiernan, John A. (2005). Barr's The Human Nervous System: An Anatomical Viewpoint. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 428-230. ISBN 0-7817-5154-3.
  • de Bruijn SF, Stam J (1999). "Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of anticoagulant treatment with low-molecular-weight heparin for cerebral sinus thrombosis". Stroke 30 (3): 484-8. PMID 10066840.


Veins edit

superficial - deep - venae comitantes - venous sinuses - pulmonary | (Gray's s164-Gray's s165) In biology, a vein is a blood vessel which carries blood toward the heart. ... Superficial vein is a term used to describe a vein that is close to the surface of the body. ... Deep vein is a term used to describe a vein that is deep in the body. ... The pulmonary veins carry oxygen rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart. ... An illustration from the 1918 edition Henry Grays Anatomy of the Human Body, commonly known as Grays Anatomy, is an anatomy textbook widely regarded as a classic work on human anatomy. ... An illustration from the 1918 edition Henry Grays Anatomy of the Human Body, commonly known as Grays Anatomy, is an anatomy textbook widely regarded as a classic work on human anatomy. ...


heart: coronary sinus - great cardiac - left marginal - small cardiac - right marginal - middle cardiac - posterior of the left ventricle - oblique of the left atrium - anterior cardiac | (Gray's s166) An aortic sinus is one of the anatomic dilations of the ascending aorta which occurs at the aortic root, i. ... The anterior cardiac veins (or anterior veins of right ventricle), comprising three or four small vessels which collect blood from the front of the right ventricle and open into the right atrium; the right marginal vein frequently opens into the right atrium, and is therefore sometimes regarded as belonging to... An illustration from the 1918 edition Henry Grays Anatomy of the Human Body, commonly known as Grays Anatomy, is an anatomy textbook widely regarded as a classic work on human anatomy. ...


exterior of the head and face: frontal - supraorbital - angular - anterior facial - common facial - deep facial - superficial temporal - posterior facial - transverse facial - pterygoid - internal maxillary - posterior auricular - occipital | (Gray's s167) The angular vein formed by the junction of the frontal and supraorbital veins, runs obliquely downward, on the side of the root of the nose, to the level of the lower margin of the orbit, where it becomes the anterior facial vein. ... The anterior facial vein (facial vein) commences at the side of the root of the nose, and is a direct continuation of the angular vein. ... The anterior facial vein unites with the posterior facial vein to form the common facial vein, which crosses the external carotid artery and enters the internal jugular vein at a variable point below the hyoid bone. ... The anterior facial vein receives a branch of considerable size, the deep facial vein, from the pterygoid venous plexus. ... An illustration from the 1918 edition Henry Grays Anatomy of the Human Body, commonly known as Grays Anatomy, is an anatomy textbook widely regarded as a classic work on human anatomy. ...


veins of the neck: external jugular - sinus - posterior external jugular - anterior jugular - internal jugular - inferior petrosal sinus - lingual - ranine - pharyngeal - superior thyroid - middle thyroid - vertebral - deep cervical | (Gray's s168) The external and internal jugular veins are veins that bring deoxygenated blood from the head back to the heart via the superior vena cava. ... A sinus is a pouch or cavity in any organ or tissue, or an abnormal cavity or passage caused by the destruction of tissue. ... The anterior jugular vein begins near the hyoid bone by the confluence of several superficial veins from the submaxillary region. ... The external and internal jugular veins are veins that bring deoxygenated blood from the head back to the heart via the superior vena cava. ... Several large dural sinuses, such as the superior and inferior sagittal sinuses, are visible with a sagittal cut through the brain. ... The Deep Cervical Vein (posterior vertebral or posterior deep cervical vein) accompanies its artery between the Semispinales capitis and colli. ... An illustration from the 1918 edition Henry Grays Anatomy of the Human Body, commonly known as Grays Anatomy, is an anatomy textbook widely regarded as a classic work on human anatomy. ...


diploic/veins of the brain: cerebral - superior cerebral - middle cerebral - inferior cerebral - basal - internal cerebral - great cerebral - cerebellar | (Gray's s169-Gray's s170) The diploic veins are found in the skull, and drain the diploic space. ... The cerebral veins are divisible into external and internal (internal cerebral veins) groups according as they drain the outer surfaces or the inner parts of the hemispheres. ... The basal vein is formed at the anterior perforated substance by the union of (a) a small anterior cerebral vein which accompanies the anterior cerebral artery, (b) the deep middle cerebral vein (deep Sylvian vein), which receives tributaries from the insula and neighboring gyri, and runs in the lower part... The vein of Galen (VG), also known as the great cerebral vein, is one of the large blood vessels in the skull draining the cerebrum (brain). ... The cerebellar veins are placed on the surface of the cerebellum, and are disposed in two sets, superior and inferior. ... An illustration from the 1918 edition Henry Grays Anatomy of the Human Body, commonly known as Grays Anatomy, is an anatomy textbook widely regarded as a classic work on human anatomy. ... An illustration from the 1918 edition Henry Grays Anatomy of the Human Body, commonly known as Grays Anatomy, is an anatomy textbook widely regarded as a classic work on human anatomy. ...


sinuses of the dura mater: superior sagittal - inferior sagittal - straight - transverse - sigmoid - petrosquamous - occipital - confluence - cavernous | (Gray's s171) The superior sagittal sinus lies within the superior border of the falx cerebri, a two-layered dural structure separating the two cerebral hemispheres. ... The superior sagittal sinus, straight sinus, and occipital sinus connect at a series of channels that comprise the confluence of sinuses, which is found beneath the occipital protuberance of the skull. ... The cavernous sinus is a large channel of venous blood creating a sinus cavity bordered by the sphenoid bone and the temporal bone of the skull. ... An illustration from the 1918 edition Henry Grays Anatomy of the Human Body, commonly known as Grays Anatomy, is an anatomy textbook widely regarded as a classic work on human anatomy. ...


ophthalmic: superior ophthalmic - nasofrontal - inferior ophthalmic - intercavernous sinuses - superior petrosal sinus - basilar - emissary | (Gray's s171) Superior ophthalmic vein - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... The basilar plexus (transverse or basilar sinus) consists of several interlacing venous channels between the layers of the dura mater over the basilar part of the occipital bone, and serves to connect the two inferior petrosal sinuses. ... The emissary veins are valveless veins which normally drain the intracranial venous sinuses to veins on the outside of the skull. ... An illustration from the 1918 edition Henry Grays Anatomy of the Human Body, commonly known as Grays Anatomy, is an anatomy textbook widely regarded as a classic work on human anatomy. ...


upper extremity: superficial (cephalic - median cubital - accessory cephalic - basilic - median antebrachial) - deep (radial - ulnar - brachial - axillary) | (Gray's s172) This vein is located in the superficial fascia along the anterolateral surface of the biceps brachii muscle and is often visible through the skin. ... Superficial veins of the upper limb. ... The accessory cephalic vein arises either from a small tributory plexus on the back of the forearm or from the ulnar side of the dorsal venous net-work; it joins the cephalic below the elbow. ... In human anatomy, the basilic vein is a superficial vein of the upper limb. ... In human anatomy, the brachial veins are venae comitantes of the brachial artery in the arm proper. ... Anterior view of right upper limb and thorax - axillary vein and the distal part of the basilic vein and cephalic vein. ... An illustration from the 1918 edition Henry Grays Anatomy of the Human Body, commonly known as Grays Anatomy, is an anatomy textbook widely regarded as a classic work on human anatomy. ...


thorax: subclavian - brachiocephalic - internal thoracic - superior phrenic - inferior thyroid - intercostal (supreme - superior - posterior) - superior vena cava - azygos - hemiazygos - accessory hemiazygos - bronchial | (Gray's s172) The subclavian vein is a continuation of the axillary vein and runs from the outer border of the first rib to the medial border of anterior scalene muscle. ... The Brachiocephalic vein is also known as the innominate vein, the left and right brachiocephalic veins in the upper chest are formed by the union of each corresponding jugular vein and subclavian vein. ... Veins of the thorax and abdomen. ... Superior vena cava - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... The azygos vein is so named because it is unpaired, having no matching vein on the left side of the body. ... The Hemiazygos Vein (vena azygos minor inferior) begins in the left ascending lumbar or renal vein. ... The accessory hemiazygos vein (vena azygos minor superior) is a vein on the left side of the vertebral column that generally drains the fifth through eighth intercostal spaces on the left side of the body. ... The bronchial veins are small vessels that return blood from the larger bronchi and structures at the roots of the lungs. ... An illustration from the 1918 edition Henry Grays Anatomy of the Human Body, commonly known as Grays Anatomy, is an anatomy textbook widely regarded as a classic work on human anatomy. ...


vertebral column: external vertebral venous plexuses - internal vertebral venous plexuses - basivertebral - intervertebral - of the medulla spinalis | (Gray's s172) The basivertebral veins emerge from the foramina on the posterior surfaces of the vertebral bodies. ... An illustration from the 1918 edition Henry Grays Anatomy of the Human Body, commonly known as Grays Anatomy, is an anatomy textbook widely regarded as a classic work on human anatomy. ...


lower extremity: common digital - great saphenous - small saphenous - plantar digital - posterior tibial - peroneal - anterior tibial - popliteal - femoral - profunda femoris | (Gray's s173) On the dorsum of the foot the dorsal digital veins receive, in the clefts between the toes, the intercapitular veins from the plantar cutaneous venous arch and join to form short common digital veins which unite across the distal ends of the metatarsal bones in a dorsal venous arch. ... Great saphenous vein and its tributaries. ... Small saphenous vein and its tributaries. ... In anatomy, the posterior tibial vein of the lower limb carries blood from the posterior compartment and plantar surface of the foot to the popliteal vein which is forms when it joins with the anterior tibial vein. ... In anatomy, the peroneal vein (also known as the fibular vein) of the lower limb carries blood from the lateral compartment of the leg to the popliteal vein. ... In human anatomy, the anterior tibial vein of the lower limb carries blood from the anterior compartment of the leg to the popliteal vein which is forms when it joins with the posterior tibial vein. ... The politeal vein parrallels the popliteal artery but carries the blood from the knee joint and muscles in the thigh and calf back to the heart. ... In the human body, the femoral vein is a blood vessel that accompanies the femoral artery in the same sheath. ... Profunda femoris vein is a large vein in the thigh. ... An illustration from the 1918 edition Henry Grays Anatomy of the Human Body, commonly known as Grays Anatomy, is an anatomy textbook widely regarded as a classic work on human anatomy. ...


abdomen and pelvis: external iliac - inferior epigastric - internal iliac - superior gluteal - inferior gluteal - internal pudendal - hemorrhoidal - pudendal - dorsal of the penis - common iliac - inferior vena cava - spermatic - ovarian - renal - suprarenal - inferior phrenic - hepatic | (Gray's s173) Veins of the abdomen and lower limb - inferior vena cava, common iliac vein, external iliac vein, internal iliac vein, femoral vein and their tributaries. ... Right inferior epigastric vein - view from inside of abdomen. ... The pudendal plexus is not sharply marked off from the sacral plexus, and as a consequence some of the branches which spring from it may arise in conjunction with those of the sacral plexus. ... This article, image, template or category belongs in one or more categories. ... The common iliac veins are formed by the external iliac veins and internal iliac veins and together, in the abdomen at about the level of the umbilicus, form the inferior vena cava. ... This article may be too technical for most readers to understand. ... Kidneys viewed from behind with spine removed The kidneys are bean-shaped excretory organs in vertebrates. ... Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava (IVC), azygos vein and their tributaries. ... An illustration from the 1918 edition Henry Grays Anatomy of the Human Body, commonly known as Grays Anatomy, is an anatomy textbook widely regarded as a classic work on human anatomy. ...


portal system: sinusoids - portal - splenic - short gastric - left gastroepiploic - pancreatic - inferior mesenteric - superior rectal - superior mesenteric - right gastroepiploic - pancreaticoduodenal | (Gray's s174) In human anatomy, the portal venous system is the system of veins that drain into the portal vein. ... A sinusoid is a small blood vessel similar to a capillary but with a fenestrated endothelium. ... The portal vein is a major vein in the human body draining blood from the digestive system and its associated glands. ... The portal vein and its tributaries - the largest are the superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein. ... The portal vein and its tributaries. ... The portal vein and its tributaries. ... The pancreaticoduodenal veins accompany their corresponding arteries; the lower of the two frequently joins the right gastroepiploic vein. ... An illustration from the 1918 edition Henry Grays Anatomy of the Human Body, commonly known as Grays Anatomy, is an anatomy textbook widely regarded as a classic work on human anatomy. ...


fetal: ductus venosus - umbilical | (Gray's s139) In the fetus, the ductus venosus connects the left umbilical vein with the upper inferior vena cava. ... Fetal circulation; the umbilical vein is the large, red vessel at the far left The umbilical vein is a blood vessel present during fetal development that carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the growing fetus. ... An illustration from the 1918 edition Henry Grays Anatomy of the Human Body, commonly known as Grays Anatomy, is an anatomy textbook widely regarded as a classic work on human anatomy. ...



 

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