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Encyclopedia > Durif
Durif
Species: Vitis vinifera
Also called: Petite Sirah, Duriff, Plant Durif, Plant Fourchu, Pinot de Romans and Pinot de l’Hermitage
Origin: Flag of France Montpellier, France
Notable regions: Australia, California, France

Durif (or Duriff) is a minor variety of red wine grape grown in France, California and Australia. It is one of three grapes known as Petite Sirah in the USA. It produces tannic wines with a spicy, plummy flavour. The grape is a cross of Peloursin and Syrah. Binomial name Vitis vinifera L. For thousands of years, the fruit and plant of Vitis vinifera, the European grapevine, have been harvested for both medicinal and nutritional value; its history is intimately entwined with the history of wine. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Montpellier (Occitan Montpelhièr) is a city in the south of France. ... This list of wine-producing regions catalogues significant growing regions where vineyards are planted. ... This is a list of varieties of cultivated grapes, whether used for wine, or eating as a Table grape, fresh or dried (raisin, currant, sultana). ... This article is about the beverage. ... It has been suggested that Veraison be merged into this article or section. ... Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Area  Ranked 3rd  - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 km²)  - Width 250 miles (400 km)  - Length 770 miles (1,240 km)  - % water 4. ... A bottle of tannic acid. ... Shiraz is one name, equivalent to Syrah, for a noble grape variety widely used to make dry red table wine. ...

Contents

History

The grape is named after Francois Durif, a botanist at the University of Montpellier. It was in a vineyard near the university that he discovered the Peloursin berry that contained the first Durif seed in 1880. [1] Syrah was later identified as the source of the pollen in 1997 following DNA fingerprinting at the University of California, Davis. [2]. The grape's high resistance to downy mildew encourage it usage in the early 20th century in areas like Isère and Ardèche though the relative low quality of the resulting wine caused the grape to fall out of favor with the local wine authorities. Today it is almost non-existing in France.[3] The University of Montpellier, (Université de Montpellier), is a French university in Montpellier. ... Genetic fingerprinting or DNA testing is a technique to distinguish between individuals of the same species using only samples of their DNA. Its invention by Sir Alec Jeffreys at the University of Leicester was announced in 1985. ... The University of California, Davis, commonly known as UC Davis, is one of the ten campuses of the University of California, and was established as the University Farm in 1905. ... Downy mildew refers to any of several types of oomycete that infect plants. ... Isère is a département in the east of France named after the Isère River. ... Ardèche (Occitan and Arpitan: Ardecha) is a department in south-central France named after the Ardèche River. ...


Regional production

While once popular, the Durif vine now virtually non-existent in France. Austalia and California are now the two leading producers of Durif. The grape can also be found in Israel.[4] Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Area  Ranked 3rd  - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 km²)  - Width 250 miles (400 km)  - Length 770 miles (1,240 km)  - % water 4. ...


Australia

Confirmed as recently as 1997, old plantings of Durif continued to be used to produce popular wine in the Rutherglen, Victoria region of Australia. Durif is now grown in other wine regions of Australia, such as Riverina and Riverland, with over 740 acres under cultivation by 2000.[3] Rutherglen is a small town in northeastern Victoria, Australia, near the Murray River border with New South Wales. ... Capital Melbourne Government Constitutional monarchy Governor David de Kretser Premier Steve Bracks (ALP) Federal representation  - House seats 37  - Senate seats 12 Gross State Product (2004-05)  - Product ($m)  $222,022 (2nd)  - Product per capita  $44,443/person (5th) Population (End of September 2006)  - Population  5,110,500 (2nd)  - Density  22. ... The Riverina is a prosperous agricultural region of south-western New South Wales (NSW), Australia. ... The Riverland is a tourism and wine region in South Australia. ... An acre is the name of a unit of area in a number of different systems, including Imperial units and United States customary units. ...


USA

DNA fingerprinting has shown that the majority of Petite Sirah plantings in California to actually be Durif.[5] The vine is a popular planting in Mendocino, Monterey and San Joaquin County. In addition to being produced as a varietal wine, the grape is sometimes blended with Zinfandel.[4] Genetic fingerprinting or DNA testing is a technique to distinguish between individuals of the same species using only samples of their DNA. Its invention by Sir Alec Jeffreys at the University of Leicester was announced in 1985. ... Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Area  Ranked 3rd  - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 km²)  - Width 250 miles (400 km)  - Length 770 miles (1,240 km)  - % water 4. ... Islands off Mendocino A Beach in the City of Elk Mendocino County is a county located on the north coast of the U.S. state of California, north of the San Francisco Bay Area and Sonoma County and west of the Central Valley. ... Monterey County is a county located on the Pacific coast of California, its northwestern section forming the southern half of Monterey Bay. ... San Joaquin County is a county located in Central Valley of the U.S. state of California, just east of the San Francisco Bay Area. ... Varietal describes wines made from a single named grape variety. ... Zinfandel, also known as Zin, is a red-skinned wine grape popular in California for its intense fruitiness and lush texture. ...


The U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms allows either Petite Sirah or Durif to be used on U.S. wine labels.[6] The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (BATFE or ATFE) is a law enforcement agency within the United States Department of Justice. ...


While not one of the officially sanctioned grapes of the Côtes du Rhône AOC, Petite Sirah's linking to Durif caused the California's Rhone Rangers to add the grape to its listings of wine in 2002.[7] Appellation dOrigine Contrôlée (AOC), which roughly translates as term of origin is the French certification granted to certain French geographical indications for wines, cheeses, butters, and other agricultural products, by the government bureau Institut National des Appellations dOrigine (INAO). ... Côtes du Rhône is a wine-growing AOC for the Rhône wine region of France, covering vineyards outside the other named appellations both in the north and south. ...


Viticulture

The 'petite' in the name of this grape refers to the size of its berries and not the vine, which is particularly vigorous. The leaves are large with a bright green upper surface and paler green lower surface. The grape forms tightly packed clusters that can be susceptible to rotting in rainy environments. The small berries creates a high skin to juice ratio which can produce very tannic wines if the juice goes through a extended maceration period.[6] In the presence of new oak barrels the wine can develop an aroma of melted chocolate.[8] “Spoilage” redirects here. ... For must meaning compulsion, see wikt:must. ... A bottle of tannic acid. ... Maceration is a process which takes place during the fermentation of alcoholic beverages. ... Wine barrels, especially those made of oak, have long been used as containers in which wine is typically aged. ... Chocolate most commonly comes in dark, milk, and white varieties, with cocoa solids contributing to the brown coloration. ...


Wine

Durif produces dark, inky colored wines that are relatively acidic with firm texture and mouth feel. The bouquet has herbal and black pepper overtones.[6] An ink is a liquid containing various pigments and/or dyes used for coloring a surface to render an image or text. ... Acidity redirects here. ... Odor receptors on the antennae of a Luna moth An odor or odour (see spelling differences) is a chemical dissolved in air, generally at a very low concentration, which we perceive by the sense of olfaction. ... Herbs: basil Herbs (IPA: hə()b, or əb; see pronunciation differences) are plants grown for any purpose other than food, wood or beauty. ... Binomial name Piper nigrum L. Black pepper (Piper nigrum) is a flowering vine in the family Piperaceae, cultivated for its fruit, which is usually dried and used as a spice and seasoning. ...


References

  1. ^ Peasant turns prince:Long considered an ignoble grape, Petite Sirah's parentage lifts the variety from working class to nobility. San Francisco Chronicle (January 20,2005).
  2. ^ Petite Sirah Timeline. Petite Sirah Advocacy Association.
  3. ^ a b J. Robinson "The Oxford Companion to Wine" Third Edition pg 244 Oxford University Press 2006 ISBN 0198609906
  4. ^ a b J. Robinson Vines, Grapes & Wines pg 227 Mitchell Beazley Publishing 1986 ISBN 1857329996
  5. ^ O. Clarke Encyclopedia of Grapes pg 88 Harcourt Books 2001 ISBN 0151007144
  6. ^ a b c Durif Grape Varierty Cellarnotes.net
  7. ^ M. Worobiec "Petite Sirah Rides Shotgun as Rhone Rangers Trot Into Town" Wine Spectator April 30, 2002
  8. ^ J. Laube "Petite's Road Back" Wine Spectator Jan 31st, 2004

External links


  Results from FactBites:
 
Durif Grape Variety - Cellarnotes.net (507 words)
Although Durif is the true, original name of the grape, the BATF felt that long-term use of the name Petite Sirah as the name within the United States had made that name equally valid.
The Durif produces small berries which means a greater percentage of skin surface in relation to the overall mass of the berry.
Durif wines are almost always better when served with foods such as roast beef, stews and full-flavored, mature cheeses rather than as a cocktail wine.
Durif - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (233 words)
Durif (or Duriff) is a minor variety of red wine grape grown in France, California and Australia.
The grape is named after Francois Durif, who discovered it in a vineyard near the University of Montpellier, where he was a botanist.
Confirmed as recently as 1997, old plantings of Durif continued to be used to produce popular wine in the Rutherglen, Victoria region of Australia.
  More results at FactBites »

 

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