In 1642, Rabbi Isaac Aboab da Fonseca, a well-known Amsterdam rabbi and scholar Moses Raphael d'Aguilar came to Brazil as spiritual leaders to assist the congregations of Kahal Zur in Recife and Magen Abraham in Mauricia.
Brazil began an assimilation effort in 1938 and closed the Yiddish newspapers and the Jewish organizations, both secular and religious.
Brazil's Jewish community has been on high alert since the 1994 bombing of the Jewish community headquarters in nearby Buenos Aires, Argentina, but has suffered only isolated anti-Semitic attacks such as harassment, threats and vandalism.
Dutch imperialism was animated by motives other than the religious ones with which it came be to associated in Brazil, although Calvinism possibly attributed greater value than other types of Protestantism to capitalist competition.
The imperialism in Brazil represented by the private companies of the type that had Count Johan Maurits as their agent was in its orthodox aspects a mixture of direct and indirect rule, with mercantile aims.
Large-scale settlement in DutchBrazil by northern Europeans was not to be expected, given the tropical ecology of the part of South America conquered by the Dutch West India Company.
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