Blue:Areas below sealevel or vunerable to flooding, either by sea or by rivers.

The Netherlands have been the site of a endless battle between the people and the water. For over two millennia the Dutch have been fighting against floods and reclaiming land from the sea. The sea has been driven back, but at a high cost. Countless people have lost homes and lives to the sea or the rivers. Nearly everyone in the Netherlands knows that every square meter of soil came at a high cost, yet giving up is not an option. Image File history File links Netherlandsbelowsea. ... Image File history File links Netherlandsbelowsea. ... The Netherlands (Dutch: Nederland) is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands (Dutch: Koninkrijk der Nederlanden). ...

The Fight Begins

Terp

Hogebeintum

A Terp (or Wierde) is an artificial hill, made to create a safe haven at high tide. Terp means village in Frisian. Many villages in the Dutch province of Friesland still have names, such as Bolsward, which are related to these words, showing that the village was built on such a structure. Image File history File linksMetadata TerpHogebeintum. ... Image File history File linksMetadata TerpHogebeintum. ... A hill in Hungary with a hillside vintage garden For the landform that extends less than 600 metres above the surrounding terrain and that is smaller than a mountain, see the mountain article. ... High Tide was a band that was formed in 1969 by Tony Hill (guitar, keyboards, and vocals), Simon House (violin and keyboards), Pete Pavli (bass) and Roger Hadden (drums). ... Frisian is a Germanic group of closely related languages, spoken by around half a million members of an ethnic group living on the southern fringes of the North Sea in the Netherlands and Germany. ... Bolsward (Frisian: Boalsert) is a municipality and a city in the northern Netherlands. ...

The first Terps were build around 500 BC, and ended with the coming of the dike somewhere around 1200. During the 18th and 19th centuries many terps were destroyed to use the fertile soil the contained for argricultural purposes. The largest terp, seen on the picture to the right, is still preserved. A dike (or dyke) is an earthen wall, constructed as a defence or as a boundary. ...

Vliedberg

Vliedberg Gapinge

A Vliedberg is a small artificial hill, created in the Dark Ages, to provide refuge from rising waters. The are found in large numbers in the south and west of the Netherlands. They were not intended for permanent habitation, but provided temporary place of safety for local people and their animals. Image File history File links Vliedberg_Gapingen. ... Image File history File links Vliedberg_Gapingen. ... Petrarch, who conceived the idea of a European Dark Age. From Cycle of Famous Men and Women, Andrea di Bartolo di Bargillac, c. ...

New Arms: Dikes, Polders and Windmills

Dikes

Afsluitdijk, a 32 km dyke in the Netherlands.

A dike (or dyke) is an artificial earthen wall, constructed as a defence or as a boundary. The best known form of dike is a construction built along the edge of a body of water, to prevent it from flooding onto an adjacent lowland. Dikes can be mainly found along the sea, where dunes are not strong enough, along rivers for protection against high-floods, along lakes or along polders. Furthermore, dikes have been built for the purpose of empoldering, or as a boundary for an inundation area. The latter can be a controlled inundation by the military or a measure to prevent inundation of a larger area surrounded by dikes. Dikes have also been built as field boundaries and as military defences. More on this type of dike can be found in the article on dry-stone walls. Download high resolution version (888x561, 128 KB)This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons, a repository of free content hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation. ... Download high resolution version (888x561, 128 KB)This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons, a repository of free content hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation. ... Afsluitdijk The Afsluitdijk (Closure-dike) is a major dam in the Netherlands, constructed between 1927 and 1933 and running from Den Oever on Wieringen in North Holland province, to the village of Zurich (mun. ... Look up Flood in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Satellite image of Noordoostpolder, Netherlands A polder is a low-lying tract of land that forms an artificial hydrological entity, enclosed by embankments known as dikes. ... Table of Fortification, from the 1728 Cyclopaedia. ... It has been suggested that Rock fence be merged into this article or section. ...

Dikes can be permanent earthworks or emergency constructions (often of sandbags) built hastily in a flood emergency. Where such an emergency bank is an addition to the topan existing one, it is known as a cradge. In civil engineering, earthworks are engineering works created through the moving of massive quantities of soil or unformed stone. ... A sandbag is typically used in flood control, but the exact use can vary. ...

The word dike is associated with the Netherlands "dijk", where dikes were built as early as the 12th century, to protect the Dutch against the sea and reclaim land.

Polders

Satellite image of Noordoostpolder, Netherlands

A polder is a low-lying tract of land that forms an artificial hydrological entity, enclosed by embankments known as dikes. Some need drainage by pumps to prevent the water table within it from rising too high. Some can be drained by opening sluices at low tide. The best-known examples are those polders that constitute areas of land reclaimed from a body of water, such as a lake or the sea, and are consequently below the surrounding water level. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1024x702, 1423 KB) Satellite image of the Noordoostpolder, part of the Flevopolder. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1024x702, 1423 KB) Satellite image of the Noordoostpolder, part of the Flevopolder. ... Noordoostpolder is a municipality in the Flevoland province in the central Netherlands. ... Water covers 70% of the Earths surface. ... A dyke (or dike) is a stone or earthen wall constructed as a defence or as a boundary. ... Drainage is the natural or artificial removal of surface and sub-surface water from a given area. ... Manual water pump in Košice-Ťahanovce, Slovakia An electric driven pump of water works nearby the Hengstey See, Germany 19th century Dutch diesel pump in Rijswijk, Netherlands Manual pump used to obtain water in Afghanistan This article is about the mechanical device. ... A sluice is a water channel that is controlled at its head by a gate. ... This article is about tides in the ocean. ... Land reclamation is either of two distinct practices. ... A lake is a body of water surrounded by land. ... Sunset at sea Look up Sea in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Look up maritime in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Polders are most commonly found, though not exclusively so, in the Netherlands, the country they are frequently associated with.

Windmills

The windmills of Kinderdijk, the Netherlands

In Europe, windmills were developed in the Middle Ages. The earliest mills were probably grinding mills. They were mounted on city walls and could not be turned into the wind.With some subsequent development mills became versatile in windy regions for all kind of industry, most notably grain grinding mills, sawmills (late 16th century), threshing, and, by applying Archimedes' screws, pumping mills. Image File history File links Please see the file description page for further information. ... Image File history File links Please see the file description page for further information. ... Europe is conventionally considered one of the seven continents of Earth which, in this case, is more a cultural and political distinction than a physiographic one, leading to various perspectives about Europes borders. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... This article is about grains in general. ... This article or section should include material from Saw mill A sawmill is a facility where logs are cut into boards. ... (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ... Threshing is the process of beating cereal plants in order to separate the seeds or grains from the straw. ... Archimedes screw, or the Archimedean screw, is a machine historically used for transferring water from a low-lying body of water into irrigation ditches. ...

They soon became the major energy source in the low lands, where the older watermills could hardly operate due to the lack of height difference in the water ways. The pumping mills allowed the drainage of the Dutch wetlands to claim new land, polders. By continuously pumping water out to the rivers, land below sea level could be created. The earliest Dutch polders date from the middle ages, the first lake was emptied by Jan Leeghwater from 1607. To claim ever more land it became necessary to build series of mills (molengang, mill pace), because an Archimedes screw can only efficiently pump water for a limited height. Each mill pumps water into a higher reservoir, with the last pumping it out to the river. In the 18th century several molendriegangen (3 mills), and molenviergangen (4 mills), were built. The largest preserved mill pace in Kinderdijk was awarded world heritage status in 1997. Watermill of Braine-le-Château, Belgium (12th century) A watermill is a structure that uses a water wheel or turbine to drive a mechanical process such as flour or lumber production. ... Satellite image of Noordoostpolder, Netherlands A polder is a low-lying tract of land that forms an artificial hydrological entity, enclosed by embankments known as dikes. ... Jan Adriaanszoon Leeghwater (1575, De Rijp,The Netherlands - 1650) was a Dutch mill builder and hydraulic engineer. ... Events January 20 - Tidal wave swept along the Bristol Channel, killing 2000 people. ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... The windmills of Kinderdijk Kinderdijk is a village in the Netherlands, partly in the municipality Nieuw-Lekkerland, partly in the municipality of Alblasserdam. ... Elabana Falls is in Lamington National Park, part of the Central Eastern Rainforest Reserves World Heritage site in Queensland, Australia. ...

The mills were crucial and escential in reclaiming and preserving the land and untill the arrival of steam and especially diesel powered pumps, they were an extremely common site in the Dutch landscape.The system used was ingenious as well as practical and simple.A series of mills, the number depending on the size of the polder were placed at different hights and so the water could be transported from the polders below sea level to a higher nearby river or canal. A pump is a mechanical device used to move liquids or gases. ... For considerations of sea level change, in particular rise associated with possible global warming, see sea level rise. ... The Murray River in Australia. ... The Canal du Midi in Toulouse, France. ...

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (857x364, 6 KB) Summary Sander 12:00, 23 April 2006 (UTC) Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ...

The Big Guns Arrive

The Afsluitdijk (1932)

Afsluitdijk

The Afsluitdijk (Closure-dike) is a major dam in the Netherlands, constructed between 1927 and 1933 and running from Den Oever on Wieringen in North Holland province, to the village of Zurich (mun. Wûnseradiel) in Fryslân province, over a length of 32 km and a width of 90 m, at an initial height of 7.25 m above sea-level ( 53° 00' 00" N  05° 10' 00" E) . It is a fundamental part of the larger Zuiderzee Works, damming off the Zuiderzee, a salt water inlet of the North Sea and turning it into the fresh water lake of the IJsselmeer. 1932 (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link will take you to a full 1932 calendar). ... Download high resolution version (888x561, 128 KB)This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons, a repository of free content hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation. ... Download high resolution version (888x561, 128 KB)This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons, a repository of free content hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation. ... 1927 (MCMXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... Den Oever is a Dutch village that is part of the municipality of Wieringen, in the province Noord-Holland. ... Satellite image of the northernmost part of the Dutch province of North Holland, showing Wieringen (bottom right) and the island of Texel (center). ... Capital Haarlem Queens Commissioner Mr. ... Wûnseradiel is a municipality in the Fryslân province of the northern Netherlands, at the eastern end of the Afsluitdijk. ... Capital Leeuwarden Queens Commissioner drs. ... A kilometre (American spelling: kilometer), symbol: km is a unit of length in the metric system equal to 1000 metres (from the Greek words χίλια (khilia) = thousand and μέτρο (metro) = count/measure). ... The metre, or meter, is a measure of length. ... // Definition Mean sea level (MSL) is the average height of the sea, with reference to a suitable reference surface. ... The 32 km long Afsluitdijk separates the IJsselmeer from the North Sea, protecting thousands of km² of land. ... Landsat photo The Zuider Zee (Dutch: Zuiderzee, pronounced ZIGH-der-zee) was a former shallow inlet of the North Sea in the northwest of the Netherlands, extending about 100 km inland and at most 50 km wide, with an overall depth of about 4 to 5 meters and a coastline... The North Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean, located between the coasts of Norway and Denmark in the east, the coast of the British Isles in the west, and the German, Dutch, Belgian and French coasts in the south. ... IJsselmeer seen from space The IJsselmeer (or Lake IJssel) is a shallow lake of some 1250 km² in the central Netherlands bordering the provinces of Flevoland, North Holland and Friesland, with an average depth of 5 to 6 m. ...

Previous experiences had demonstrated that till (boulder clay), rather than just sand or clay, was the best primary material for a structure like the Afsluitdijk, with the added benefit that till was in plentiful supply in the area; it could be retrieved in large quantities by simply dredging it from the bottom of the Zuiderzee. Work started at four points: on both sides of the mainland and on two specially made construction-islands (Kornwerderzand and Breezand) along the line of the future dike. This article is about glacial sediments, for other uses see till (disambiguation). ... Kornwerderzand, or the Kornwerderzandstelling were a number of heavily fortified pillboxes/bunkers located at the eastern side of the Afsluitdijk in the Dutch province of Friesland. ...

From these points the dike slowly grew by ships depositing till into the open sea in two parallel lines. Sand was then poured in between the two dams and as it emerged above the surface was then covered by another layer of till. The nascent dike was then strengthened from land by basalt rocks and mats of willow switch at its base. The dike could then be finished off by raising it further with sand and finally clay for the surface of the dike, on which grass was planted.

Construction progressed better than expected; at three points along the line of the dike there were deeper underwater trenches where the tidal current was much stronger than elsewhere. These had been considered to be major obstacles to completing the dike, but all of them proved to be relatively straightforward. On May 28, 1932, two years earlier than initially thought, the Zuiderzee ceased to be as the last tidal trench of the Vlieter was closed by a final bucket of till. The IJsselmeer was born, even though it was still salty at the time. May 28 is the 148th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (149th in leap years). ... 1932 (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link will take you to a full 1932 calendar). ...

The dike itself however was not finished yet as it still needed to be brought up to its required height and a road linking Friesland and North Holland (the current A7/E22 motorway) also remained to be built. It would not be until September 25, 1933, that the Afsluitdijk was officially opened, with a monument marking the spot where the dike had been closed. The amount of material used is estimated at 23 million m³ of sand and 13.5 million m³ of till and over the years an average of around four to five thousand workers were involved with the construction every day, relieving some of the unemployment following the Great Depression. September 25 is the 268th day of the year (269th in leap years). ... 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... Dorothea Langes Migrant Mother depicts destitute pea pickers in California, centering on Florence Owens Thompson, a mother of seven children, age 32, in Nipomo, California, March 1936. ...

Delta Works

Oosterscheldekering, the largest of 13 Delta Works' dams.

In the North Sea Flood of 1953, breaks in the dikes and seawalls in the Netherlands killed 1,835 people and forced the evacuation of 70,000 more. 10,000 animals drowned, and 4,500 buildings were destroyed. To prevent such a tragedy from happening again, an ambitious flood defense system was conceived and deployed, called the Delta Works (Dutch: Deltawerken). Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1024x760, 201 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Delta Works ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1024x760, 201 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Delta Works ... The Oosterscheldekering (Eastern Scheldt storm surge barrier), between the islands Schouwen-Duiveland and Noord-Beveland, is the largest of 13 ambitious Delta works series of dams, designed to protect a large part of the Netherlands from flooding. ... The North Sea Flood of 1953 and the associated storm combined to create a major natural disaster which affected the coastlines of the United Kingdom and the Netherlands on the night of 31 January 1953 – 1 February 1953. ... A dyke (or dike) is a stone or earthen wall constructed as a defence or as a boundary. ...

This project was intended to improve the safety of the lower areas of the Netherlands against severe storms and flooding; since more than one third of the nation's land lies below sea level, this is no simple task. Dunes along the entire seashore were raised by as much as 5 metres, while the islands in Zeeland province were joined together by dams and other large scale constructions to shorten the coastline. The most sophisticated and famous of these dams is the Oosterscheldekering (left of the leftmost "i" on the satellite image), which can be opened and closed to keep the sea at bay while preserving the saltwater river delta for wildlife and the fishing industry. Less known, but not less impressive, is the Maeslantkering storm surge barrier near the port of Rotterdam. Look up Flood in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... For considerations of sea level change, in particular rise associated with possible global warming, see sea level rise. ... Mesquite Flat Dunes in Death Valley National Park In physical geography, a dune is a hill of sand built by eolian (wind-related) processes. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Scrivener Dam, in Canberra, Australia, was engineered to withstand a once-in-5000-years flood event A dam is a barrier across flowing water that obstructs, directs or retards the flow, often creating a reservoir, lake or impoundment. ... The Oosterscheldekering (Eastern Scheldt storm surge barrier), between the islands Schouwen-Duiveland and Noord-Beveland, is the largest of 13 ambitious Delta works series of dams, designed to protect a large part of the Netherlands from flooding. ... Nile River delta, as seen from Earth orbit. ... Fishing is the activity of hunting for fish. ... Maeslant Barrier closed during testing. ... Rotterdam Location Country The Netherlands Province South Holland Population 604,819 (2005) Coordinates 51° 55 N.; 4° 30 E. Website www. ...

Satellite image of the Schelde delta

However, there is an ongoing fundamental discussion about the basics of the Delta Works: the mainland is subsiding and due to climate changes sea levels are rising. Eventually the dikes will have to be made higher and wider. This is a long term uphill battle against the sea, which many feel cannot be won. (The very history of the Netherlands, much of whose territory is reclaimed from the sea, would seem to belie this view, however.) Some people argue that relocation of population centres and giving up land to the sea would be a longer lasting solution than to 'fight the sea'. However, the Netherlands have a very high population density and can ill afford the loss of habitable and arable land. South part of the Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta in the Netherlands, focusing on the Scheldt-influenced bit and showing most of the province of Zeeland. ... South part of the Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta in the Netherlands, focusing on the Scheldt-influenced bit and showing most of the province of Zeeland. ... A road destroyed by subsidence and shear. ... Variations in CO2, temperature and dust from the Vostok ice core over the last 400 000 years Climate change refers to the variation in the Earths global climate or regional climates over time. ... Measurement of recent sea level rise from 23 long tide gauge records in geologically stable environments Changes in sea level since the end of the last glacial episode Sea level rise is an increase in sea level. ... The Conspiracy of Julius Civilis, completed in 1661 by Rembrandt, the best-known painter of the Dutch Golden Age. ...

The Maeslant Barrier (1997)

Maeslant Barrier closed during testing. Source: "Rijkswaterstaat, Netherlands - Geo-Information and ICT, www.deltawerken.org"

The construction of the Maeslantkering was a part of the "Europoortkering"-project which, in turn, was the final stage of the Delta Works. The main objective of this Europoortkering-project was improving the safety against flooding of the Rotterdam harbour, of which the Europoort is an important part, and the surrounding towns and agricultural areas. This had to by carried out by the reinforcement of existing dikes as far as 50 kilometers inland. During the 1980s it became clear that this project would take at least 30 years and would cost a huge amount of money. It would also mean that historic town centres, sometimes built more than four centuries ago, had to be broken down and rebuilt behind renewed, larger dikes.This storm surge barrier had to be located in the Nieuwe Waterweg waterway. This played an important role in the planning stage of the construction, as this waterway is the main route to the port of Rotterdam, the world's second largest port. Therefore a barrier like the Dutch Oosterscheldekering and the Thames Barrier could not be constructed, as such a barrier would block the shipping route. The construction of the barrier started in 1991. First the dry docks were constructed on both shores and a sill was constructed at the bottom of the Nieuwe Waterweg. Then the two 22 meter high and 210 meter long steel gates were built. After this, 237 meter long steel trusses were welded to the gates. Standing upright, these arms would be as high as the Paris Eiffel Tower, but each one weighs four times more than the Eiffel Tower. The main purpose of the arms is transmitting the immense forces, exerted on the gates while closed, to one single joint at the rear of each gate. During the closing or opening process, this ball shaped joint gives the gate the opportunity to move freely under the influences of water, wind and waves. It acts like the ball shaped joint between a human’s arm and shoulder. After six years of construction the storm surge barrier was finished. At May 10, 1997, Queen Beatrix opened the Maeslantkering. From that moment the barrier is in full operation. The barrier is connected to a self-operating computer system which is linked to weather and sea level data. When a storm surge of 3.00 meter above normal sea level is anticipated in Rotterdam the barrier will be closed automatically. Four hours before the actual closing procedure will begin, in and out going ships are warned. Two hours before closing the traffic at the Nieuwe Waterweg will come to a stand still. Thirty minutes before closing the dry docks that bear the gates are inundated. After this the gates start to float and two so called "locomobiles" will move both the gates towards each other. When the gap between the gates is about 1.5 meter wide, the gates are submerged to the bottom of the waterway, thus protecting the inland. Under normal weather conditions the two doors themselves are well protected in their dry docks and a 360 meter wide gap in the waterway gives ships enough space to pass without any inconvenience. The Maeslantkering is expected to be closed once every ten years due to a storm surge. With the rise in sea levels the storm surge barrier will need to close more frequently in 50 years time, namely once every five years. Until this date the barrier had never been closed due to a storm. The barrier is closed for testing once a year, usually in September or October, just before the beginning of the storm season in November. 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links Maeslantkering-closed. ... Image File history File links Maeslantkering-closed. ... Oosterscheldekering, the largest of 13 Delta Works dams. ... A flood (in Old English flod, a word common to Teutonic languages; compare German Flut, Dutch vloed from the same root as is seen in flow, float) is an overflow of water, an expanse of water submerging land, a deluge. ... Rotterdam Location Country The Netherlands Province South Holland Population 604,819 (2005) Coordinates 51° 55 N.; 4° 30 E. Website www. ... Europoort (Eurogate) is a very large harbour and industrial area near the city of Rotterdam in the Netherlands. ... Inland can mean: Inland Fräkne Hundred - a hundred of Bahusia in Sweden Inland Northern Hundred - a hundred of Bahusia in Sweden Inland Southern Hundred - a hundred of Bahusia in Sweden Inland Torpe Hundred - a hundred of Bahusia in Sweden This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other... MacGyver is one of the symbols of the 1980s in America The 1980s decade refers to the years from 1980 to 1989, inclusive. ... Satellite image of the northwest part of the Rhine-Meuse delta showing the Nieuwe Waterweg (t) The Nieuwe Waterweg (New Waterway) is a ship canal in the Netherlands from het Scheur (a branch of the Rhine-Meuse delta) west of the town of Maassluis to the North Sea at Hook... The Oosterscheldekering (Eastern Scheldt storm surge barrier), between the islands Schouwen-Duiveland and Noord-Beveland, is the largest of 13 ambitious Delta works series of dams, designed to protect a large part of the Netherlands from flooding. ... The Thames Barrier is a flood control structure on the River Thames at Woolwich Reach in London. ... In medicine, a truss is a kind of surgical appliance, particularly one used for hernia patients. ... The Eiffel Tower, the international symbol of the city, with the skyscrapers of La Défense business district 5 km/ 3 mi behind. ... The Tower at sunrise. ... Water (from the Old English waeter; c. ... Wind is the roughly horizontal movement of air (as opposed to an air current) caused by uneven heating of the Earths surface. ... A WAVES Photographer 3rd Class The WAVES were a World War II era division of the U.S. Navy that consisted entirely of women. ... May 10 is the 130th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (131st in leap years). ... 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Beatrix of the Netherlands (Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard van Oranje-Nassau) (born January 31, 1938), is the Queen of the Netherlands and a princess of Orange-Nassau and Lippe-Biesterfeld. ... Locomobile was a company that produced automobiles in the United States of America from 1899 to 1929. ...

Oosterscheldekering (1987)

The Oosterscheldekering (Eastern Scheldt storm surge barrier), between the islands Schouwen-Duiveland and Noord-Beveland, is the largest of 13 ambitious Delta works series of dams, designed to protect a large part of the Netherlands from flooding. The construction of the Delta Works was a response to the North Sea Flood of 1953. 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Satellite image of the Scheldt delta showing the Oosterschelde estuary (i) The Oosterschelde (Eastern Scheldt) is an estuary in Zeeland, the Netherlands, between Schouwen-Duiveland and Tholen on the north and Noord-Beveland and Zuid-Beveland on the south. ... ... Schouwen-Duiveland is a municipality and an island in the southwestern Netherlands. ... Noord-Beveland is a municipality in the southwestern Netherlands and a former island, now part of the Walcheren-Zuid-Beveland-Noord-Beveland peninsula. ... Oosterscheldekering, the largest of 13 Delta Works dams. ... The North Sea Flood of 1953 and the associated storm combined to create a major natural disaster which affected the coastlines of the United Kingdom and the Netherlands on the night of 31 January 1953 – 1 February 1953. ...

view from Neeltje Jans at the Oosterscheldekering

detailed view on the Oosterscheldekering

The nine kilometer-long Oosterscheldekering (kering meaning barrier) was initially designed, and partly built, as a closed dam, but after public protest huge sluice-gate-type doors were installed in the remaining four kilometers. These doors are normally open, but can be closed under adverse weather conditions. In this way the saltwater marine life behind the dam is preserved and fishing can continue, while the land behind the dam is safe from the water. Image File history File links Oosterscheldedam. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 605 KB) Oosterscheldekering, Netherlands File links The following pages link to this file: Oosterscheldekering Dutch fight against the water Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 605 KB) Oosterscheldekering, Netherlands File links The following pages link to this file: Oosterscheldekering Dutch fight against the water Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1200x1600, 352 KB) Oosterscheldekering, detail, Netherlands File links The following pages link to this file: Oosterscheldekering Dutch fight against the water Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1200x1600, 352 KB) Oosterscheldekering, detail, Netherlands File links The following pages link to this file: Oosterscheldekering Dutch fight against the water Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it. ...

On 4 October 1986 Queen Beatrix officially opened the dam for use. October 4 is the 277th day of the year (278th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Her Majesty, Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard of Orange-Nassau (born January 31, 1938) is the Queen of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, having acceded to the throne in 1980. ...

At the artificial island Neeltje-Jans, at one end of the barrier, a plaque is installed with the words: "Hier gaan over het tij, de wind, de maan en wij" ("here the tide is ruled, by the wind, the moon and us"). Neeltje-Jans is a artificial island in the Netherlands in the province of Zeeland, halfway between Noord-Beveland and Schouwen-Duiveland in the Oosterschelde. ...

The Oosterscheldekering was the biggest, most difficult to build and the most expensive part of the Delta works. Work on the dam itself started in April 1976 and was completed in June 1986, though the road over the dam was completed only in November 1987. To facilitate the building, an artificial island Neeltje-Jans was first created in the middle of the estuary. 1976 (MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1976 calendar). ... 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Neeltje-Jans is a artificial island in the Netherlands in the province of Zeeland, halfway between Noord-Beveland and Schouwen-Duiveland in the Oosterschelde. ...

Four ships were custom designed and built for this project:

• Mytilus, a ship equipped with various groundworking tools, such as needles to make the seabed more dense and stable.
• Cardium, a ship to transport and lay a special foil carpet on the seabed for the pillars to rest on.
• Ostrea, a ship capable of lifting a concrete pillar from the dry dock and placing the pillar within a tiny margin on a special foil on the seabed. The ship is 85 meters long and has a portal of 50 meters high. The ship can lift 10000 tonnes, the pillars are under water for a large part and require less lifting power than the 18000 tonnes. This ship is considered the flagship of the construction fleet mainly because of its impressive size and power.
• Macoma, a ship that works closely with the Ostrea, cleaning the foil and helping in navigating the pillar to the final place.

The ships are named after various types of shellfish. Shellfish is a term used to describe shelled molluscs and crustaceans used as food. ...

The dam is constructed out of 65 concrete pillars with 62 steel doors of 42 meters wide. The parts were constructed in a dry dock. The area was flooded and a small fleet of special construction ships would lift the pillars and place them on their final place. Each pillar is between 35 and 38,75 meter high and weighs 18000 tonnes. U.S. Navy submarine USS Greeneville in dry dock following collision with a fishing boat. ... A tonne (symbol t), sometimes referred to as a metric tonne, is a measurement of weight. ...

The Oosterscheldekering is sometimes referred to as the eighth Wonder of the World, and has been declared one of the modern Seven Wonders of the World by the American Society of Civil Engineers. The Seven Wonders of the World (or the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World) is a widely-known list of seven remarkable constructions of classical antiquity. ... The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) was founded in 1852 to represent members of the civil engineering profession worldwide. ...

The dam was designed to last 200 years.

The dam is operated by humans but if human controls fail an electronic security system acts as a backup. A Dutch law regulates the conditions under which the dam is allowed to close. The water levels must be at least 3 meters above regular sea level before the doors can be completely shut. For testing, all doors are shut once in a while (each door once per month). Also emergency procedures are tested on prescheduled dates. Once the test is passed, the shutters are immediately opened again to create a minimum impact on tidal movements and the marine ecosystem. It takes approximately one hour to close one of the doors. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The tide is the regular rising and falling of the oceans surface caused by changes in gravitational forces external to the Earth. ...

The dam has been closed 23 times since 1986, due to water levels exceeding or being predicted to exceed the 3.00 meters. 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The cost of operation is 17 million Euro per year. The euro (plural euro, symbol: €; banking code: EUR) is the official currency of the European Union and single currency for over 300 million Europeans in the following twelve European Union member states: Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain; collectively also known as...

Notorious Floods

St. Lucia's flood (1287)

St. Lucia's flood (Sint-Luciavloed) was a massive flood that affected the Netherlands on December 14, 1287 (the day after St. Lucia's Day) when a dikes broke during a storm, killing approximately 50,000 to 80,000 people in the fifth largest flood in recorded history. Much land was lost in what is now the Waddenzee and IJsselmeer. It especially affected the north of the Netherlands, particularly Friesland. The Griend disappeared almost completely under the waves. The name Zuiderzee dates from this event, as the water had merely been a shallow inland lake when the first dikes were being built, but rising North Sea levels created the "Southern Sea" when floods including this flood came in. For broader historical context, see 1280s and 13th century. ... Look up Flood in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... December 14 is the 348th day of the year (349th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... For broader historical context, see 1280s and 13th century. ... A dike (or dyke) is an earthen wall, constructed as a defence or as a boundary. ... The Wadden Sea (Wattenmeer in German, Waddenzee in Dutch, Waadsee in Frisian, Wattensee in Low Saxon, Vadehavet in Danish) is the name for a body of water and its associated coastal wetlands lying between a section of the coast of northwestern continental Europe and the North Sea. ... IJsselmeer seen from space The IJsselmeer (or Lake IJssel) is a shallow lake of some 1250 km² in the central Netherlands bordering the provinces of Flevoland, North Holland and Friesland, with an average depth of 5 to 6 m. ... Capital Leeuwarden Queens Commissioner drs. ... Griend with swarms of birds Griend is a small, uninhabited, Dutch island in the Wadden Sea, lying around 20 kilometres south of Terschelling. ... Landsat photo The Zuider Zee (pronounced , Dutch: Zuiderzee, pronounced ) was a shallow inlet of the North Sea in the northwest of the Netherlands, extending about 100 km inland and at most 50 km wide, with an overall depth of about 4 to 5 meters and a coastline of about 300... A dike (or dyke) is an earthen wall, constructed as a defence or as a boundary. ... The North Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean, located between the coasts of Norway and Denmark in the east, the coast of the British Isles in the west, and the German, Dutch, Belgian and French coasts in the south. ...

St. Elizabeth's flood (1404)

The St. Elizabeth's flood (Sint Elisabethsvloed) of 1421 was a flooding of an area in what is now the Netherlands. It takes its name from the feast day of Saint Elisabeth of Hungary (which was formerly November 19). Events June 14 - Owain Glyndwr of Wales allies with the French against the English and the Henry of Lancaster. ... Infobox St. ... November 19 is the 323rd day of the year (324th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ...

In the night from November 18 to November 19, 1421 a heavy storm near the North Sea coast caused the dikes to break in a number of places and the lower lying polder land was flooded. A number of villages (by tradition 72) were swallowed by the flood and were lost, causing (again by tradition) either 2,000 or 10,000 casualties. The dike breaks and floods caused large devastations in Zeeland and Holland. This flood separated the cities of Geertruidenberg and Dordrecht which previously fought against each other during the Hook and Cod (civil) wars. November 18 is the 322nd day of the year (323rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... November 19 is the 323rd day of the year (324th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events March 21 - Battle of Beaugé. A small French force surprises and defeats an English force under Thomas, Duke of Clarence, a brother of Henry V of England, in Normandy. ... The North Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean, located between the coasts of Norway and Denmark in the east, the coast of the British Isles in the west, and the German, Dutch, Belgian and French coasts in the south. ... A dike (or dyke) is an earthen wall, constructed as a defence or as a boundary. ... Satellite image of Noordoostpolder, Netherlands A polder is a low-lying tract of land that forms an artificial hydrological entity, enclosed by embankments known as dikes. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Holland is a region in the central-western part of the Netherlands. ... Geertruidenberg is a municipality and a city in the southern Netherlands. ... This is about the Dutch city of Dordrecht. ... The Hook and Cod wars (Dutch: Hoekse en Kabeljauwse twisten) comprise a series of wars and battles in Holland between 1350 and 1490. ...

Most of the area remained flooded for several decades. Reclaimed parts are the Island of Dordrecht, the Hoeksche Waard island, and north-western North Brabant (around Geertruidenberg). Most of the Biesbosch area has been flooded since. This is about the Dutch city of Dordrecht. ... Satellite image of the Rhine-Meuse delta, showing the island of Hoekse Waard (6) Hoeksche Waard is an island between the Oude Maas, Dordtse Kil, Hollands Diep, Haringvliet and Spui rivers in the province of Zuid Holland in the Netherlands. ... North Brabant (Dutch: Noord-Brabant) is a province of the Netherlands, located in the south of the country, bordered by Belgium in the south, the Meuse River (Maas) in the north, Limburg in the east and Zeeland in the west. ... Geertruidenberg is a municipality and a city in the southern Netherlands. ... Satellite image of the Rhine-Meuse delta, showing the Biesbosch (8) The Biesbosch (Reed Woods) is one of the largest natural parks of the Netherlands. ...

There was no "Spring flood" like in 1953 (see North Sea flood of 1953), but the cause was that the "upper-water" from the rivers was still very high. 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1953 calendar). ... The North Sea Flood of 1953 and the associated storm combined to create a major natural disaster which affected the coastlines of the United Kingdom and the Netherlands on the night of 31 January 1953 – 1 February 1953. ...

All Saints' Flood (1570)

The All Saints' Flood (Allerheiligenvloed) was a disaster which happened on November 1, 1570 on the Dutch coast. Affected cities include Egmond and Bergen op Zoom and Saeftinghe. Events January 23 - The assassination of regent James Stewart, Earl of Moray throws Scotland into civil war February 25 - Pope Pius V excommunicates Queen Elizabeth I of England with the bull Regnans in Excelsis May 20 - Abraham Ortelius issues the first modern atlas. ... November 1 is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 60 days remaining. ... Events January 23 - The assassination of regent James Stewart, Earl of Moray throws Scotland into civil war February 25 - Pope Pius V excommunicates Queen Elizabeth I of England with the bull Regnans in Excelsis May 20 - Abraham Ortelius issues the first modern atlas. ... Egmond is a former municipality in the in the north-western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... Bergen op Zoom is a municipality and a city in the southern Netherlands. ... Saeftinghe was a place in eastern Zeeuws-Vlaanderen near Nieuw-Namen. ...

The Domeinraad council in Bergen op Zoom on 1 November 1570 recorded: "Commenting that those big storms of wind yesterday" were to the dike works of the south and north quarters "a warning given about very excessive high flood.".

A long period of storm pushed the water to unprecedented heights, still higher than those at the flood disaster of 1953. It broke innumerable dikes on the Dutch coasts, as a result of which there were enormous floods and immense damage. The total number of dead, including in foreign countries, must have been above 20,000, but exact data is not available. Tens of thousands of people became homeless. Livestock was lost in huge numbers. Winter stocks of food and fodder were destroyed. The Allerheiligenvloed marks the origin of the Verdronken Land van Saeftinghe. (verdronken = "drowned".) In Zeeland the small islands Wulpen and Koezand and Cadzand and Stuivezand were permanently lost. 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1953 calendar). ... A dike (or dyke) is an earthen wall, constructed as a defence or as a boundary. ... Saeftinghe was a place in eastern Zeeuws-Vlaanderen near Nieuw-Namen. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ...

History of the Netherlands
Ancient times
Germanic tribes
Roman Era
Migration Period
The Medieval Low Countries
Frankish Realm / The Franks
Holy Roman Empire
Burgundian Netherlands
Seventeen Provinces
Spanish Netherlands
Rise and Fall of the Dutch Republic
Eighty Years' War
United Provinces / Dutch Republic
The Golden Age
From Republic to Monarchy
Batavian Republic
Kingdom of Holland
First French Empire
United Kingdom of the Netherlands
The Netherlands in Modern Times
Modern History of the Netherlands
Netherlands in World War II
Luctor et Emergo
The Dutch Fight against Water
The Miscellaneous Netherlands
Military history of the Netherlands
History of the Dutch language
Dutch influence on military terms
Dutch inventions and discoveries
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The Conspiracy of Julius Civilis, completed in 1661 by Rembrandt, the best-known painter of the Dutch Golden Age. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Dutchsandhour. ... The term Germanic tribes (or Teutonic tribes) applies to the ancient Germanic peoples of Europe. ... The Conspiracy of Julius Civilis, completed in 1661 by Rembrandt, the best-known painter of the Dutch Golden Age. ... Human migration denotes any movement of groups of people from one locality to another, rather than of individual wanderers. ... The Frankish Empire was the territory of the Franks, from the 5th to the 10th centuries, from 481 ruled by Clovis I of the Merovingian Dynasty, the first king of all the Franks. ... For other uses, see Franks (disambiguation). ... The Holy Roman Empire and from the 16th century on also The Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation was a political conglomeration of lands in Central Europe in the Middle Ages and the early modern period. ... In the history of the Low Countries, the Burgundian Netherlands refers to the period when the dukes of Burgundy ruled the area, as well as Luxembourg and northern France from 1384 to 1477. ... The Seventeen Provinces were a personal union of states in the Low Countries in the 16th century, roughly covering the current Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, a good part of the North of France (Artois, Nord) and a small part of Germany. ... This article or section should be merged with Seventeen Provinces The Spanish Netherlands was a portion of the Low Countries controlled by Spain from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century. ... The Eighty Years War, or Dutch Revolt, was the war of secession between the Netherlands and the Spanish king, that lasted from 1568 to 1648. ... The United Provinces (Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden/Provinciën, Republic of the Seven United Netherlands/Provinces — 1581–1795) was a European republic which is now known as the Netherlands. ... Map of Dutch Republic by Joannes Janssonius The Republic of the Seven United Netherlands (Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden/Provinciën; also Dutch Republic or United Provinces in short) was a European republic between 1581 and 1795, which is now known as the Netherlands. ... Rembrandt The Nightwatch (1642) The Dutch Golden Age (1584-1702) was a period in Dutch history, roughly spanning the 17th century, in which Dutch trade, science, and art were among the most acclaimed in the world. ... From 1795 to 1806, the Batavian Republic (Bataafse Republiek in Dutch) designated the Netherlands as a republic modelled after the French Republic, to which it was a vassal state. ... The Kingdom of Holland 1806 - 1810 (Koninkrijk Holland in Dutch, Royaume dHollande in French) was set up by Napoleon Bonaparte as a puppet kingdom for his third brother, Louis Bonaparte, in order to better control the Netherlands. ... The First French Empire, commonly known as the French Empire or the Napoleonic Empire, covers the period of the domination of France and much of continental Europe by Napoleon I of France. ... Map of the kingdom United Kingdom of the Netherlands (1815 - 1830) (1839) (Dutch: Verenigd Koninkrijk der Nederlanden, French: Royaume-Uni des Pays-Bas and German: Vereinigte Königreich der Niederlande) were the unofficial names used to refer to a new unified European state created during the Congress of Vienna in... Preamble to the War During the period between the first and second World Wars the Netherlands, like other countries, suffered from the effects of the Great Depression after the Stock market crash of 1929. ... The Dutch- speaking people have a long history, the Netherlands as a nation-state dates from 1568. ... The history of the Dutch language as separate from common West Germanic begins in the 6th century AD with the High German consonant shift and growing social and political power of the Franks. ... Historically, many Dutch military terms have been influential and adopted by many other languages all over the world. ... The Dutch people have a history and tradition in inventing and discovery, Dutch scientists and engineers have made a remarkable contribute to human progress as a whole. ...

Christmas Flood (1717)

The Christmas Flood 1717 (Kerstvloed 1717) was the result of a northwesterly storm, which hit the coast area of the Netherlands, Germany and Scandinavia on Christmas night of 1717. In total, approximately 14,000 people drowned. It was the last large flood in the north of the Netherlands. Water reached Groningen city, Zwolle, Dokkum, Amsterdam, and Haarlem. Many villages which were near the sea were devastated entirely, such as in the west of Vlieland and villages behind the sea dikes in Groningen province. // Events January 4 — The Netherlands, Britain & France sign Triple Alliance February 26-March 6 What is now the northeastern United States was paralyzed by a series of blizzards that buried the region. ... Scandinavia is a region in Northern Europe named after the Scandinavian Peninsula. ... Christmas (literally, the Mass of Christ) is a traditional holiday celebrating the birth of Jesus with both religious and secular aspects, commonly observed on 25 December. ... Groningen (or Grunn in the local dialect) is a municipality and a middle-size city in the north of the Netherlands, and capital of Groningen province. ... Country: Netherlands Province: Overijssel Coordinates: 52°30′ N 6°5′ E Area - Land - Water 119. ... Dongeradeel is a municipality in the northern Netherlands. ... Amsterdam Location Flag Country Netherlands Province North Holland Population 742,951(1 January 2005) Coordinates Website www. ... Haarlem is a municipality and a city in the Netherlands, capital of the North Holland province. ... Vlieland (Frisian: Flylân) is a municipality in the northern Netherlands. ... The flag of Groningen Groningen is the northeast province of the Netherlands with a typical dialect (Gronings) with regional nuances. ...

The local communities had to cope with population loss, economic decline and poverty. Absolutely no coast area between the Netherlands and Denmark were spared this. Everywhere dike breaks were followed by wide flooding of flat country. Between Tondern in Sleswig province and the East Frisisn Emden about 9,000 people drowned. In the Netherlands there were 2,500 victims. The worst affected areas were in the county of Oldenburg, around Jever, Kehdingen, and the lordship of Ostfriesland. Butjadingen lost 30% of its population. In all the affected coast areas a large quantity of cattle was lost. In Ostfriesland 900 houses were washed away completely. The damage to dikes and sluices was indescribable. Survivors remained unaware of the fate of missing family members for a long time. For example, of 284 persons missing from Werdum in Ostfriesland, only 32 of them had been retrieved by 5 February 1718. The impact of this storm flood in the cold winter time - two days after this flood came hard frost and snowfall - was worsened on the night of 25 or 26 February by a new storm flood. Tønder (German Tondern) is a municipality in south Denmark, in the county of South Jutland on the peninsula of Jutland. ... Emden is a city and seaport in the northwest of Germany, on river Ems. ... Oldenburg (Low German: Ollnborg) is an Independent City in Lower Saxony, Germany. ... Jever, earlier than 1930 Jever [ˈjeːfɐ] is the capital of the district Friesland in Lower Saxony, Germany. ... East Frisia (Ostfriesland) is a coastal region in the northwest of the German federal state of Lower Saxony. ... Butjadingen is a peninsula and a Gemeinde (municipality) at the same time, situated at the German North Sea coast. ... A dike (or dyke) is an earthen wall, constructed as a defence or as a boundary. ... A sluice is a water channel that is controlled at its head by a gate. ... East Frisia (Ostfriesland) is a coastal region in the northwest of the German federal state of Lower Saxony. ...

North Sea flood in the Netherlands (1953)

In the night of 31 January/1 February 1953 many dikes in the provinces of Zeeland, Zuidholland and Noord-Brabant proved not to be resistant to the combination of spring tide and a northwesterly storm. On both the islands and the mainland large areas of country were completely flooded with water. Flooding of islands and polders killed 1,835 people and forced the evacuation of 70,000 more. An estimated 10,000 animals drowned, and 4,500 buildings were destroyed. Floods covered 9% of Dutch farmland, and sea water inundated 2,000 km² (800 mi²) of polders. Total damage was estimated at 895 million Dutch guilders. Many people still commemorate the dead on February 1st. 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1953 calendar). ... January 31 is the 31st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... February 1 is the 32nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1953 calendar). ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... This article is about the province of the Netherlands. ... North Brabant (Dutch: Noord-Brabant) is a province of the Netherlands, located in the south of the country, bordered by Belgium in the south, the Meuse River (Maas) in the north, Limburg in the east and Zeeland in the west. ... The tide is the regular rising and falling of the oceans surface caused by changes in gravitational forces external to the Earth. ... Satellite image of Noordoostpolder, Netherlands A polder is a low-lying tract of land that forms an artificial hydrological entity, enclosed by embankments known as dikes. ... Evacuation can have several meanings: In wilderness first aid, evacuation is the transport of a seriously injured person out of the wilderness to the nearest point an ambulance can reach to take them to the hospital, or to the nearest emergency room. ... Farmland can have several meanings: See: Farm for a general discussion of farming Farmland, Indiana, a town in the United States Farmland (cooperative), an agricultural cooperative This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... The guilder (Dutch gulden), represented by the symbol ƒ, was the name of the currency used in the Netherlands from the 15th century until 1999, when it was replaced by the euro (coins and notes were not introduced until 2002). ...

Moment of Truth

After the collapse of numerous seawalls and dikes, the Schielandse Hoge Zeedijk dike along the river Hollandse IJssel was all that remained to protect three million people in the province of South Holland from the ravaging effects of the advancing storm. For a while, the dike stopped the waters from moving into Holland. A section of this dike, known as the Groenendijk, was not reinforced with stone. Despite the storm, volunteers worked to reinforce this stretch. A dike (or dyke) is an earthen wall, constructed as a defence or as a boundary. ... Categories: Netherlands geography stubs | Rivers of the Netherlands | Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta ... South Holland (Dutch Zuid-Holland) is a province of the Netherlands, located in the west of the country on the North Sea coast. ...

Around 5:30 am on 1 February, the Groenendijk collapsed under the immense pressure. The seawater broke through and started moving into the South Holland province. In desperation, the mayor of Nieuwerkerk commandeered the river ship de Twee Gebroeders (The Two Brothers) and ordered the owner to plug the hole in the dike by navigating the ship into it. Fearing that the ship may break through and dive into the polder, captain Arie Evegroen took a row boat with him. The mayor's plan turned out to be successful, as the ship lodged itself firmly into the dike, sparing both provinces.If the ship had not been loged into the dike, the disasterous death toll of 1,835 could have jumped from thousands to millions ... February 1 is the 32nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... South Holland (Dutch Zuid-Holland) is a province of the Netherlands, located in the west of the country on the North Sea coast. ... A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning larger,greater) is the politician who serves as chief executive official of some types of municipalities. ... Nieuwerkerk aan den IJssel (population: 22,344 in 2004) is a town in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. ... Rowing in the Amstel River by a student rowing club. ...

Drowned villages

"Drowned village" is the term used in the Netherlands for settlements which have been destroyed by water, either with a natural or human cause, and were not rebuild but completely destroyed or abandoned by its inhabitants.Thanks to a remarkable amount of Dutch reords reaching as far back as the Dark ages a large amount of information about these villages is preserved today ranging from the entire story of their destruction to just their name.The last 2 villages to be drowned by the water were Schuring and Capelle in 1953. Petrarch, who conceived the idea of a European Dark Age. From Cycle of Famous Men and Women, Andrea di Bartolo di Bargillac, c. ...

A list of drowned villages:

This article is about political regions. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... North Brabant (Dutch: Noord-Brabant) is a province of the Netherlands, located in the south of the country, bordered by Belgium in the south, the Meuse River (Maas) in the north, Limburg in the east and Zeeland in the west. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... North Brabant (Dutch: Noord-Brabant) is a province of the Netherlands, located in the south of the country, bordered by Belgium in the south, the Meuse River (Maas) in the north, Limburg in the east and Zeeland in the west. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... 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North Brabant (Dutch: Noord-Brabant) is a province of the Netherlands, located in the south of the country, bordered by Belgium in the south, the Meuse River (Maas) in the north, Limburg in the east and Zeeland in the west. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... North Brabant (Dutch: Noord-Brabant) is a province of the Netherlands, located in the south of the country, bordered by Belgium in the south, the Meuse River (Maas) in the north, Limburg in the east and Zeeland in the west. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... 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North Brabant (Dutch: Noord-Brabant) is a province of the Netherlands, located in the south of the country, bordered by Belgium in the south, the Meuse River (Maas) in the north, Limburg in the east and Zeeland in the west. ... Bergen op Zoom is a municipality and a city in the southern Netherlands. ... The Scheldt in Antwerp Length 350 km Elevation of the source 95 m Average discharge 120 m³/s Area watershed 21860 km² Origin France Mouth Westerschelde Basin countries France, Belgium, Netherlands The Scheldt (Dutch: Schelde, French lEscaut) is a 350 km[1] (217 mile) long river that finds its... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... The name Reimerswaal can mean:- A lost city in the Netherlands: see below. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Satellite image of the Scheldt delta Zeeuws-Vlaanderen is the part of the Netherlands on the left shore of the Scheldt river (here called Westerschelde), nr. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... North Brabant (Dutch: Noord-Brabant) is a province of the Netherlands, located in the south of the country, bordered by Belgium in the south, the Meuse River (Maas) in the north, Limburg in the east and Zeeland in the west. ... North Brabant (Dutch: Noord-Brabant) is a province of the Netherlands, located in the south of the country, bordered by Belgium in the south, the Meuse River (Maas) in the north, Limburg in the east and Zeeland in the west. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... North Brabant (Dutch: Noord-Brabant) is a province of the Netherlands, located in the south of the country, bordered by Belgium in the south, the Meuse River (Maas) in the north, Limburg in the east and Zeeland in the west. ... North Brabant (Dutch: Noord-Brabant) is a province of the Netherlands, located in the south of the country, bordered by Belgium in the south, the Meuse River (Maas) in the north, Limburg in the east and Zeeland in the west. ... North Brabant (Dutch: Noord-Brabant) is a province of the Netherlands, located in the south of the country, bordered by Belgium in the south, the Meuse River (Maas) in the north, Limburg in the east and Zeeland in the west. ... North Brabant (Dutch: Noord-Brabant) is a province of the Netherlands, located in the south of the country, bordered by Belgium in the south, the Meuse River (Maas) in the north, Limburg in the east and Zeeland in the west. ... North Brabant (Dutch: Noord-Brabant) is a province of the Netherlands, located in the south of the country, bordered by Belgium in the south, the Meuse River (Maas) in the north, Limburg in the east and Zeeland in the west. ... North Brabant (Dutch: Noord-Brabant) is a province of the Netherlands, located in the south of the country, bordered by Belgium in the south, the Meuse River (Maas) in the north, Limburg in the east and Zeeland in the west. ... North Brabant (Dutch: Noord-Brabant) is a province of the Netherlands, located in the south of the country, bordered by Belgium in the south, the Meuse River (Maas) in the north, Limburg in the east and Zeeland in the west. ... North Brabant (Dutch: Noord-Brabant) is a province of the Netherlands, located in the south of the country, bordered by Belgium in the south, the Meuse River (Maas) in the north, Limburg in the east and Zeeland in the west. ... North Brabant (Dutch: Noord-Brabant) is a province of the Netherlands, located in the south of the country, bordered by Belgium in the south, the Meuse River (Maas) in the north, Limburg in the east and Zeeland in the west. ... North Brabant (Dutch: Noord-Brabant) is a province of the Netherlands, located in the south of the country, bordered by Belgium in the south, the Meuse River (Maas) in the north, Limburg in the east and Zeeland in the west. ... North Brabant (Dutch: Noord-Brabant) is a province of the Netherlands, located in the south of the country, bordered by Belgium in the south, the Meuse River (Maas) in the north, Limburg in the east and Zeeland in the west. ... North Brabant (Dutch: Noord-Brabant) is a province of the Netherlands, located in the south of the country, bordered by Belgium in the south, the Meuse River (Maas) in the north, Limburg in the east and Zeeland in the west. ... North Brabant (Dutch: Noord-Brabant) is a province of the Netherlands, located in the south of the country, bordered by Belgium in the south, the Meuse River (Maas) in the north, Limburg in the east and Zeeland in the west. ... North Brabant (Dutch: Noord-Brabant) is a province of the Netherlands, located in the south of the country, bordered by Belgium in the south, the Meuse River (Maas) in the north, Limburg in the east and Zeeland in the west. ... North Brabant (Dutch: Noord-Brabant) is a province of the Netherlands, located in the south of the country, bordered by Belgium in the south, the Meuse River (Maas) in the north, Limburg in the east and Zeeland in the west. ... North Brabant (Dutch: Noord-Brabant) is a province of the Netherlands, located in the south of the country, bordered by Belgium in the south, the Meuse River (Maas) in the north, Limburg in the east and Zeeland in the west. ... This article is about the province of the Netherlands. ... This article is about the province of the Netherlands. ... This article is about the province of the Netherlands. ... This article is about the province of the Netherlands. ... This article is about the province of the Netherlands. ... This article is about the province of the Netherlands. ... This article is about the province of the Netherlands. ... This article is about the province of the Netherlands. ... This article is about the province of the Netherlands. ... This article is about the province of the Netherlands. ... This article is about the province of the Netherlands. ... This article is about the province of the Netherlands. ... This article is about the province of the Netherlands. ... This article is about the province of the Netherlands. ... This article is about the province of the Netherlands. ... This article is about the province of the Netherlands. ... This article is about the province of the Netherlands. ... This article is about the province of the Netherlands. ... This article is about the province of the Netherlands. ... This article is about the province of the Netherlands. ... This article is about the province of the Netherlands. ... This article is about the province of the Netherlands. ... This article is about the province of the Netherlands. ... This article is about the province of the Netherlands. ... This article is about the province of the Netherlands. ... This article is about the province of the Netherlands. ... Groningen can refer to: A province of the Netherlands. ...

Externe links

• DeltaWorks.Org - Website about the flood of 1953 and the construction of the DeltaWorks.