The gulden (usually called guilder in English), represented by the symbol ƒ or fl., was the currency of the Netherlands from the 13th century until 2002, when it was replaced by the euro. Between 1999 and 2002, the gulden was officially a "national subunit" of the euro. However, physical payments could only be made in gulden, as no euro coins and notes were available. Gulden are still in use in the Netherlands Antilles, a Dutch dependency, although this currency is distinct from the Dutch gulden. In 2004, the Surinamese gulden was replaced by the Surinamese dollar. 1 gulden 2001 front File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... 1 gulden 2001 back File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Motto: Je Maintiendrai (Dutch: Ik zal handhaven, English: I Shall Uphold) Anthem: Wilhelmus van Nassouwe Capital Amsterdam1 Largest city Amsterdam Official language(s) Dutch2 Government Parliamentary democracy Constitutional monarchy  - Queen Beatrix  - Prime minister Jan Peter Balkenende Independence Eighty Years War   - Declared July 26, 1581   - Recognised January 30, 1648 (by Spain...  Eurozone countries  ERM II countries  other EU countries  unilaterally adopted euro The European Exchange Rate Mechanism, ERM, was a system introduced by the European Community in March 1979, as part of the European Monetary System (EMS), to reduce exchange rate variability and achieve monetary stability in Europe, in preparation for... March 13 is the 72nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (73rd in leap years). ... For the song by the Smashing Pumpkins, see 1979 (song). ... December 31 is the 365th day of the year (366th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean [1]. // Coated in ice, power and telephone lines sag and often break, resulting in power outages. ... January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... “EUR” redirects here. ... A two-cent euro coin A United States penny, or 1¢ In currency, the cent is a monetary unit that equals 1/100 of the basic unit of value. ... Æ’ The florin sign (Æ’) is a symbol that is used for the currencies florin, also called a gulden and guilder. ... Look up Plural in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Plural is a grammatical number, typically referring to more than one of the referent in the real world. ... A two-cent euro coin A United States penny, or 1¢ In currency, the cent is a monetary unit that equals 1/100 of the basic unit of value. ... March 1 is the 60th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (61st in leap years). ... 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The chart below details the issues of Dutch banknotes from 1950 to 2002, as well as the subjects featured. ... De Nederlandsche Bank (DNB, The Dutch Bank) is the central bank of the Netherlands. ... The word printer is used to describe a company that provides commercial printing services, involving typesetting, printing and book-binding. ... Koninklijke Joh. ... A mint is a facility which manufactures coins for currency. ... Guilder is the English translation of gulden, (old) Dutch for golden. The gulden originated as a gold coin (hence the name) but has been a common name for a silver or base metal coin for some centuries. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Æ’ The florin sign (Æ’) is a symbol that is used for the currencies florin, also called a gulden and guilder. ... (12th century - 13th century - 14th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... “EUR” redirects here. ... The gulden is the unit of currency in the Netherlands Antilles. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The gulden (currency code SRG) was the currency of Suriname until 2004. ... The dollar (currency code SRD) has been the currency of Suriname since 2004. ...

The name "gulden" was derived from "gouden" (golden) or "verguld" (gilded). The symbol ƒ or fl. for the Dutch gulden was derived from another old currency, the florijn. Florin may refer to this modern currency: Aruban florin. ...

The exact exchange rate, still relevant for old contracts and for exchange of the legacy currency for euros at the central bank, is 2.20371 Dutch gulden (NLG) for 1 euro (EUR). Inverted, this gives EUR 0.453780 for NLG 1.

History

In the Netherlands, both gold and silver gulden coins were issued. In 1581, the silver gulden was established as the currency of the United Netherlands by the Estates-General.[1] It was divided into 20 stuiver, each of 8 duit or 16 penning. At various times, other coins derived from the guilder emerged. Among them were the daalder of 1½ gulden (30 stuiver), the rijksdaalder (silver ducat) of 2½ gulden (50 stuiver) and the ducaton (silver rider) of 3 gulden (60 stuiver). The name daalder was derived from the German thaler. GOLD refers to one of the following: GOLD (IEEE) is an IEEE program designed to garner more student members at the university level (Graduates of the Last Decade). ... General Name, Symbol, Number silver, Ag, 47 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 5, d Appearance lustrous white metal Standard atomic weight 107. ... Model United Nations activities around the world are coordinated by a wide variety of groups and individuals. ... The stuiver was a coin used in the Netherlands until the Napoleonic Wars. ... The Duit was a Dutch coin worth 2 penning, with 8 duit equal to one stuiver and 160 duit equal to one gulder. ... The rijksdaalder was an 18th century Dutch coin worth 2½ gulden or 50 stuiver. ... Examples of German and Austrian Thalers compared to a US quarter piece (bottom center) The Thaler (or Taler) was a silver coin used throughout Europe for almost four hundred years. ...

Between 1810 and 1814, the Netherlands was annexed to France and the franc circulated. Following the Napoleonic wars, the Netherlands readopted the gulden and, in 1817, decimalized, with one gulden equal to 100 cents. However, it was not until the 1840s that the last pre-decimal coins (many of which dated back to the 17th century) were withdrawn from circulation, whilst some of the new, decimal coins continued to bear nicknames based on their values in the older currency system through to the 21st century. Until 1948, the plural of cent used on coins was cents, after that it was cent. Combatants Allies: Austria[1] Portugal Prussia[1] Russia[2] Spain[3] Sweden United Kingdom[4] Ottoman Empire[5] French Empire Holland Kingdom of Italy Kingdom of Naples Duchy of Warsaw Bavaria[6] Saxony[7] Denmark [8] Commanders Archduke Charles Prince Schwarzenberg Karl Mack von Leiberich Gebhard von Blücher Karl... A two-cent euro coin A United States penny, or 1¢ In currency, the cent is a monetary unit that equals 1/100 of the basic unit of value. ... // Events and Trends Technology First use of general anesthesia in an operation, by Crawford Long The first electrical telegraph sent by Samuel Morse on May 24, 1844 from Baltimore to Washington, D.C.. War, peace and politics First signing of the Treaty of Waitangi (Te Tiriti o Waitangi) on February... (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ...

The Netherlands was initially on a bimetallic standard, with the gulden equal to 605.61 milligrams of fine gold or 9.615 grams of fine silver. In 1840, the silver standard was adjusted to 9.45 grams, with the gold standard suspended in 1848. In 1875, the Netherlands adopted a gold standard with 1 gulden equal to 604.8 milligrams of fine gold. The gold standard was suspended between 1914 and 1925 and was abandoned in 1936.[2] The gold standard is a monetary system in which the standard economic measure of value is gold, and the currencies which are used as units of account are specified as a weight of gold, ideally fixed and not subject to change, and where all currency issuance is to one degree...

Following the German occupation, on May 10, 1940, the gulden was pegged to the Reichsmark at a rate of 1.5 gulden = 1 Reichsmark. This rate was reduced to 1.327 on July 17 of the same year. The liberating Allied forces set an exchange rate of 2.652 gulden = 1 U.S. dollar, which became the peg for the gulden within the Bretton Woods system. In 1949, the peg was changed to 3.8 gulden = 1 dollar, approximately matching the devaluation of the British pound. In 1961, the gulden was revalued to 3.62 gulden = 1 dollar, a change approximately in line with that of the Deutsche Mark. The city of Rotterdam after the German terror bombing during the German invasion of the Netherlands in May 1940. ... May 10 is the 130th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (131st in leap years). ... User(s) Germany Subunit 1/100 Reichspfennig Symbol RM Reichspfennig Rpf. ... July 17 is the 198th day (199th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 167 days remaining. ... The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... For details of notes and coins, see British coinage and British banknotes. ... ISO 4217 Code DEM User(s) Germany, Montenegro, Kosovo ERM Since 13 March 1979 Fixed rate since 31 December 1998 Replaced by €, non cash 1 January 1999 Replaced by €, cash 1 January 2002 € = 1. ...

In 2002 the Gulden was replaced by the euro. Coins remained exchangeable for euros at branches of the Netherlands Central Bank until 1 January 2007. Banknotes valid at the time of conversion to the euro may still be exchanged there until 1 January 2032. January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the CE era. ... January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ... 2032 (MMXXXII) will be a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar January 20 - 100th Anniversary of the swearing-in of Franklin D. Roosevelt January 27 - The 200th year anniversary of writer Lewis Carroll Projected return to Earth orbit of object J002E3, the discarded S-IVB third stage...

Coins

In the 18th century, coins were issued by the various provinces. There were copper 1 duit, silver 1, 2, 6 and 10 stuiver, 1 and 3 gulden, ½ and 1 rijksdaalder and ½ and 1 ducaton. Gold 1 and 2 ducat trade coins were also minted. Between 1795 and 1806, the Batavian Republic issued coins in similar denominations to the earlier provincial issues. The Kingdom of Holland minted silver 10 stuiver, 1 florin and 1 gulden (equivalent), 50 stuivers and 2½ gulden (also equivalent) and 1 rijksdaalder, along with gold 10 and 20 gulden. Before decimalization, the Kingdom of the Netherlands briefly issued some 1 rijksdaalder coins. From 1795 to 1806, the Batavian Republic (Bataafse Republiek in Dutch) designated the Netherlands as a republic modeled after the French Republic, to which it was a vassal state. ... The Kingdom of Holland 1806 - 1810 (Koninkrijk Holland in Dutch, Royaume dHollande in French) was set up by Napoleon Bonaparte as a puppet kingdom for his third brother, Louis Bonaparte, in order to better control the Netherlands. ...

In 1817, the first coins of the decimal currency were issued, the copper 1 cent and silver 3 gulden. The remaining denominations were introduced in 1818. These were copper ½ cent, silver 5, 10 and 25 cents, ½ and 1 gulden, and gold 10 gulden. In 1826, gold 5 gulden coins were introduced.

In 1840, the silver content of the coinage was reduced (see above) and this was marked by the replacement of the 3 gulden coin by a 2½ gulden piece. The gold coinage was completely suspended in 1853, five years after the suspension of the gold standard. By 1874, production of silver coins greater in value than 10 cents had ceased, to be only fully resumed in the 1890s. Gold 10 gulden coins were struck again from 1875. In 1877, bronze 2½ cents coins were introduced. In 1907, silver 5 cents coins were replaced by cupro-nickel pieces. In 1912, gold 5 gulden coins were reintroduced but the gold coinage was ended in 1933.

In 1941, following the German occupation, production of all earlier coin types ceased and zinc coins were introduced for 1, 2½, 5, 10 and 25 cents. Large quantities of pre-war type, silver 10 and 25 cents and 1 gulden coins were minted in the U.S.A. between 1943 and 1945 for use following liberation. For other uses, see United States (disambiguation) and US (disambiguation). ...

Dutch 5 cent coin (1980)

In 1948, bronze 1 and 5 cent and nickel 10 and 25 cent were introduced (note the new spelling of the plural). These were followed by reduced size, silver 1 and 2½ gulden in 1954. Nickel 1 and 2½ gulden coins were introduced in 1967 and 1969, respectively. In 1983, the 1 cent coin was demonetized whilst bronze clad nickel 5 gulden coins were introduced in 1987. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 399 pixelsFull resolution (1355 × 676 pixel, file size: 71 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)One of Queen Julianas final coins, a five cent from 1980, when she abdicated. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 399 pixelsFull resolution (1355 × 676 pixel, file size: 71 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)One of Queen Julianas final coins, a five cent from 1980, when she abdicated. ...

At the time of withdrawal, the following denominations of coins were circulating:

• 5 cent - stuiver
• 10 cent - dubbeltje ("doubler" - because was two stuivers)
• 25 cent - kwartje ("quarter")
• 1 gulden - gulden, piek
• 2½ gulden - rijksdaalder, colloquially riks or knaak
• 5 gulden - vijfje ("fiver")

All the coins carried a profile image of the Queen on the obverse and a simple grid on the other side. The 1 gulden coin had 'God zij met ons' ('God be with us') inscribed on the edge. The stuiver was a coin used in the Netherlands until the Napoleonic Wars. ... The 1 Gulden-coin was a coin struck in the Kingdom of the Netherlands between 1818 and 2001. ... The rijksdaalder was an 18th century Dutch coin worth 2½ gulden or 50 stuiver. ... The dutch 5 Gulden-coin was a unit of currency in the Netherlands, until the adoption of the Euro in 2002. ... The 1 Gulden-coin was a coin struck in the Kingdom of the Netherlands between 1818 and 2001. ...

Banknotes

Main article: Banknotes of the Dutch gulden

Image of Dutch 10 guilder banknote

Between 1814 and 1838, the Netherlands Bank issued notes in denominations of 25, 40, 60, 80, 100, 200, 300, 500 and 1000 gulden. These were followed, from 1846 by state notes (muntbiljeten) in denominations of 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500, 1000 gulden, with the 10 and 50 gulden issued until 1914. The chart below details the issues of Dutch banknotes from 1950 to 2002, as well as the subjects featured. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 429 pixel Image in higher resolution (835 × 448 pixel, file size: 101 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Image of 1968 Netherlands 10 Guilder banknote bearing the portrait famous dutch painter Frans Hals Banknote image copied from Wills Online World... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 429 pixel Image in higher resolution (835 × 448 pixel, file size: 101 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Image of 1968 Netherlands 10 Guilder banknote bearing the portrait famous dutch painter Frans Hals Banknote image copied from Wills Online World... De Nederlandsche Bank (DNB, The Dutch Bank) is the central bank of the Netherlands. ...

In 1904, the Netherlands Bank recommenced the issuance of paper money. By 1911, it was issuing notes for 10, 25, 40, 60, 100, 200, 300 and 1000 gulden. In 1914, the government introduced silver notes (zilverbonnen) for 1, 2½ and 5 gulden. Although the 5 gulden were only issued that year, the 1 gulden notes continued until 1920 and the 2½ gulden until 1927.

In 1926, the Netherlands Bank introduced 20 gulden notes, followed by 50 gulden in 1929 and 500 gulden in 1930. These introductions followed the cessation of production of the unusual 40, 60 and 300 gulden notes during the 1920s.

In 1938, silver notes were reintroduced for 1 and 2½ gulden. During the Second World War, the Netherlands Bank continued to issue paper money, although there were some design changes, most notably, the replacement of a portrait of Queen Emma by a Rembrant portrait on the 10 gulden note. The Allies printed state notes dated 1943 for use following liberation. These were in denominations of 1, 2½, 10, 25, 50 and 100 gulden. More state notes were issued for 1 and 2½ gulden in 1945 and 1949. Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... Queen Emma of the Netherlands, born Her Serene Highness Princess Adelheid Emma Wilhelmina Theresia of Waldeck and Pyrmont (August 2, 1858 - March 20, 1934) was Queen consort of William III of the Netherlands of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg. ... Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (July 15, 1606 - October 4, 1669) is generally considered one of the greatest painters in European art history, and the most important United Provinces (Netherlands) painter of the seventeenth century. ...

Following the war, the Netherlands Bank introduced notes for 10, 20, 25, 50, 100 and 1000 gulden. The last 20 gulden notes were dated 1955, whilst 5 gulden notes were introduced in 1966 (replaced by coins in 1987) and 250 gulden in 1985.

At the time of withdrawal, the following denominations of banknotes were circulating:

• • ƒ10 - tientje, joet
  • ƒ25 - geeltje
  • ƒ50 - zonnebloem (sunflower)
  • ƒ100 - honderdje, meier / later: snip (common Snipe)
  • ƒ250 - vuurtoren (lighthouse)
  • ƒ1000 - duizendje, (rooie) rug / rooi(tj)e

At the time of withdrawal, all but the 50 and 250 gulden notes had been issued in a new series that was the same colour as the older, long-serving notes but with a mostly abstract pattern, featuring a different bird for each denomination. Binomial name Helianthus annuus L. The sunflower (Helianthus annuus) is an annual plant native to the Americas in the family Asteraceae, with a large flowering head (inflorescence). ... Binomial name Gallinago gallinago Linnaeus, 1758 Subspecies The Common Snipe (Gallinago gallinago) is a small, stocky shorebird. ... A HDR image of a traditional lighthouse For other uses, see Lighthouse (disambiguation). ...

Persons depicted on older banknotes were:

• ƒ5 - poet Joost van den Vondel (until 1988, when the note was replaced by a ƒ 5 coin)
• ƒ10 - painter Frans Hals
• ƒ25 - composer Jan Petersz. Sweelinck
• ƒ100 - admiral Michiel de Ruyter (This being the most profitable note to counterfeit it was first replaced by a note featuring the common snipe. This note was of a similar design as the newly introduced 50 and 250 gulden notes; and was again replaced by an abstract design in the last series of gulden notes)
• ƒ1000 - philosopher Baruch d'Spinoza

These 1970s "face"-notes and the 80's ƒ50 (sunflower), ƒ100 (snipe) and ƒ250 (lighthouse) were designed by R.D.E. Oxenaar. Eventually all faces were to be replaced by abstracts, designed by Jaap Drupsteen, (see above). Joost van den Vondel (1587-1679) was born in the Große Witschgasse in Cologne. ... 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Frans Hals (c. ... Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck (1562–October 16, 1621) was a Dutch composer, organist, and pedagogue whose work straddled the end of the Renaissance and beginning of the Baroque eras. ... Michiel Adriaenszoon de Ruyter, Lieutenant-Admiral of the United Provinces by Ferdinand Bol, painted 1667 Michiel Adriaenszoon de Ruyter (24 March 1607 - 29 April 1676) is one of the most famous admirals in Dutch history. ... Baruch Spinoza Benedictus de Spinoza (November 24, 1632 - February 21, 1677), named Baruch Spinoza by his synagogue elders and known as Bento de Spinoza or Bento dEspiñoza in the community in which he grew up. ... Robert Deodaat Emile (Ootje) Oxenaar (The Hague, October 7, 1929) is a Dutch graphic artist. ... Jaap Drupsteen (Hasselt, 1942) is a Dutch graphic designer. ...

Name in Chinese

The Chinese translation for "florin" and consequently "guilder" is "盾" (Hanyu Pinyin: dùn; literally shield). It originated from the translation referring to the British florin with its four shields in the 1849 design. This translation was then borrowed to refer similarly to the Dutch florin and guilder. As a result, currencies in the guilder-based Aruba and Netherlands Antilles are still referred to as "盾". Pinyin (拼音, Pīnyīn) literally means join (together) sounds (a less literal translation being phoneticize, spell or transcription) in Chinese and usually refers to Hànyǔ Pīnyīn (汉语拼音, literal meaning: Han language pinyin), which is a system of... The nineteenth and twentieth century Florin or Two Shillings coin should not be confused with the medieval gold Florin, which was worth six shillings. ... 1849 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

See also

Numismatics Portal

• Dutch euro coins
• Category:Dutch coins

Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (910x910, 596 KB)Media:Example. ... Dutch euro coins have two designs by Bruno Ninaber van Eyben, both of which feature a portrait or effigy of Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Guilder

• Images of banknotes of the Netherlands
• The Marteau Early 18th century Currency Converter with tools to convert early 18th century Dutch Guilders into the major contemporary European currencies.
• Overview of the Dutch guilder and its history from the BBC

1. ^ 28 January 2002 by law, 2002 de facto

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