Dutch
Nederlands | | Pronunciation: | [ˈneːdərlɑnts] | | Spoken in: | as native language in the Netherlands, Flanders and Brussels (Belgium), Suriname, Aruba, Netherlands Antilles, French Flanders (France), Lower Rhine (Germany). as colonial language, or as Afrikaans, in South Africa, Namibia. For other uses, see Flanders (disambiguation). ...
The Brussels-Capital Region (French: R gion de Bruxelles-Capitale, Dutch: Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest, German: Region Br ssel-Hauptstadt) or Brussels Region (French: R gion Bruxelloise, Dutch: Brusselse Gewest) is one of the three regions of Belgium. ...
Nord (French, the north) is a département in the north of France. ...
Low Franconian language area with West Meuse-Rhenish: ([5] and [6]) Low Rhenish is the German name for the regional Low Franconian language varieties of the Low Germanic language spoken alongside the so-called Lower Rhine in the west of Germany and the adjacent regions in the Netherlands. ...
notable immigrant minorities in Australia, Brazil, Canada, New Zealand and the United States.
| | Total speakers: | Native: 23 million: 23 million speakers of Dutch as first language, plus 4 million with Dutch as second language, there are also 7 million speakers of Afrikaans as first language, plus 10 million with Afrikaans as second language [1] Total: 27 million (Dutch: 23/27 mill., Afrikaans: 7/17 mill.) | | Ranking: | 40 of 6,000 languages on world list.[2] Other estimates:
48 (depending on counting method); 37 (according to the Nederlandse Taalunie[1]) | | Language family: | Indo-European
Germanic
West Germanic
Low Franconian
Dutch | | Writing system: | Latin alphabet (Dutch variant) | | Official status | | Official language in: |
 Aruba
 Belgium
 European Union
 Netherlands
 Netherlands Antilles
 Union of South American Nations
 Suriname | | Regulated by: | Nederlandse Taalunie
(Dutch Language Union) | | Language codes | | ISO 639-1: | nl | | ISO 639-2: | dut (B) | nld (T) | | ISO 639-3: | nld |
Dutch-speaking world
| | Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. | Dutch (Nederlands (help·
info)) is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people, mainly in the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname, but also by smaller groups of speakers in parts of France, Germany and several former Dutch colonies. Sometimes called the smallest world language,[3] it is closely related to other West Germanic languages (e.g., English, West Frisian and German) and somewhat more remotely to the North Germanic languages. Dutch is a descendant of Old Frankish and the parent language of several Dutch-based creole languages as well as of Afrikaans, one of the official languages of South Africa and the most widely understood in Namibia. Dutch and Afrikaans are to a very large extent mutually intelligible, although they have separate spelling standards and dictionaries and have separate language regulators. Standard Dutch (Standaardnederlands) is the standard language of the major Dutch-speaking areas and is regulated by the Nederlandse Taalunie (Dutch Language Union). Dutch is also an official language of the European Union and the Union of South American Nations. This is a list of languages, ordered by the number of native-language speakers, with some data for second-language use. ...
A language family is a group of languages related by descent from a common proto-language. ...
For other uses, see Indo-European. ...
The West Germanic languages constitute the largest branch of the Germanic family of languages and include languages such as German, English and Frisian, as well as Dutch and Afrikaans. ...
Low Franconian is any of several West Germanic languages spoken in The Netherlands, northern Belgium, and South Africa. ...
Writing systems of the world today. ...
Abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz redirects here. ...
The Dutch alphabet in 1560. ...
Image File history File links Flag_of_Aruba. ...
Image File history File links Flag_of_Belgium_(civil). ...
Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ...
Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Netherlands. ...
Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Netherlands_Antilles. ...
Pro Tempore Secretariat BrasÃlia Official languages 4 Spanish Portuguese English Dutch Member states 12 Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Guyana Paraguay Peru Suriname Uruguay Venezuela Leaders - President Rodrigo Borja - Tempore Secretary Jorge Taunay Filho Formation - Cuzco Declaration 8 December 2004 Area - Total 17,715,335 km² (1st2) sq...
Image File history File links Flag_of_Suriname. ...
The Unions member states Where Dutch is spoken The Nederlandse Taalunie or Dutch Language Union is an international institution for discussing issues relating to the Dutch language. ...
ISO 639-1 is the first part of the ISO 639 international-standard language-code family. ...
ISO 639-2 is the second part of the ISO 639 standard, which lists codes for the representation of the names of languages. ...
ISO 639-3 is an international standard for language codes. ...
Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1425x625, 48 KB) New map for the Dutch-speaking world English: Legend: Dark blue: native language Blue: administrative language Light blue: secondary, non-official language Green square: minority Deutsch: Legende: Dunkelblau: amtliche und Muttersprache Blau: administrative Sprache Hellblau: Sekundärofficial/non...
The Unicode Standard, Version 5. ...
Image File history File links Nl-Nederlands. ...
The West Germanic languages constitute the largest branch of the Germanic family of languages and include languages such as German, English and Frisian, as well as Dutch and Afrikaans. ...
The West Germanic languages constitute the largest branch of the Germanic family of languages and include languages such as German, English and Frisian, as well as Dutch and Afrikaans. ...
The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...
The West Frisian language (Frysk) is a language spoken mostly in the province of Fryslân in the north of the Netherlands. ...
The North Germanic languages make up one of the three branches of the Germanic languages, a sub-family of the Indo-European languages, along with the West Germanic languages and the East Germanic languages. ...
Old Frankish was the language of the Franks and it is classified as a West Germanic language. ...
A Dutch creole is a creole language which has been substantially influenced by the Dutch language. ...
Look up Appendix:Afrikaans and Dutch Swadesh lists in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
In linguistics, mutual intelligibility is a property exhibited by a set of languages when speakers of any one of them can readily understand all the others without intentional study or extraordinary effort. ...
The orthography of a language specifies the correct way of using a specific writing system to write the language. ...
For other uses, see Dictionary (disambiguation). ...
This is a list of bodies that regulate standard languages. ...
Dutch ( (help· info)), sometimes referred to as Netherlandic in English, is a Low Germanic language spoken by around 22 million people, mainly in the Netherlands and Belgium (2005 [1]). Dutch spoken in Flanders (Vlaanderen), the northern part of Belgium, is sometimes referred to as Flemish (Vlaams). ...
A standard language (also standard dialect or standardized dialect) is a particular variety of a language that has been given either legal or quasi-legal status. ...
The Nederlandse Taalunie or Dutch Language Union is an institution for discussing issues on the Dutch language between three partners: The Netherlands, Flanders (Dutch-speaking part of Belgium) and Suriname. ...
Pro Tempore Secretariat BrasÃlia Official languages 4 Spanish Portuguese English Dutch Member states 12 Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Guyana Paraguay Peru Suriname Uruguay Venezuela Leaders - President Rodrigo Borja - Tempore Secretary Jorge Taunay Filho Formation - Cuzco Declaration 8 December 2004 Area - Total 17,715,335 km² (1st2) sq...
Dutch grammar also shares many traits with German, especially in syntax, but has a less complicated morphology caused by deflexion, which puts it closer to English. Dutch has officially three genders, masculine, feminine, and neuter, however, according to some interpretations these are reduced to only two, common and neuter, which is similar to the gender systems of most Continental Scandinavian languages. This page outlines the grammar of the Dutch language. ...
For other uses, see Syntax (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Morphology. ...
Deflexion is a linguistic process related to inflectional languages (like all members of the Indo-European language family) reflecting a gradual decline of the inflectional morphemes (atomic semantic units) bound to lexemes (abstract word units). ...
English grammar is a body of rules specifying how meanings are created in English. ...
In linguistics, grammatical gender is a morphological category associated with the expression of gender through inflection or agreement. ...
The North Germanic languages make up one of the three branches of the Germanic languages, a sub-family of the Indo-European languages, along with the West Germanic languages and the East Germanic languages. ...
The consonant system of Dutch did not undergo the High German consonant shift and has more in common with English and the Scandinavian languages. Like most Germanic languages it has a syllable structure that allows fairly complex consonant clusters. Dutch is often noted for the prominent use of velar fricatives. In articulatory phonetics, a consonant is a sound in spoken language that is characterized by a closure or stricture of the vocal tract sufficient to cause audible turbulence. ...
High German subdivides into Upper German (green) and Central German (blue), and is distinguished from Low German (yellow). ...
The North Germanic languages make up one of the three branches of the Germanic languages, a sub-family of the Indo-European languages, along with the West Germanic languages and the East Germanic languages. ...
For the computer operating system, see Syllable (operating system). ...
Velars are consonants articulated with the back part of the tongue (the dorsum) against the soft palate (the back part of the roof of the mouth, known also as the velum). ...
Note: This page contains phonetic information presented in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) using Unicode. ...
Dutch vocabulary is predominantly Germanic in origin, considerably more so than English. This is to a large part due to the heavy influence of Norman French on English, and to Dutch patterns of word formation, such as the tendency to form long and sometimes very complicated compound nouns, being more similar to those of German and the Scandinavian languages. The Norman language is a Romance language, one of the Oïl languages. ...
A compound is a word composed of more than one free morphemes. ...
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In Dutch, the language is called Nederlands (Netherlandish)[4]. This name is drawn from the name of the country, Nederland (Low Country), but only since the 19th century replaced the earlier and more common names: (northern) Nederduits and (southern) Diets (Dietsch), the latter dropped due to its popular association and connotation with fascist ideologies. Because of the turbulent history of both the Netherlands and Belgium and the Dutch language, mostly because of the frequent change of economical and military power within the Low Countries, the names that other peoples have chosen to use to refer to it vary more than for most other languages. ...
Dietsch (Diets in modern Dutch) is a colloquial word for the Middle Dutch language. ...
In English, however, the language and people are still referred to as Dutch, a word derived from Middle Dutch duutsch, dūtsch but applied originally to continental Germanic speakers, be it of Dutch, Low German, or German proper (cf. Pennsylvania Dutch). By 1600, it had come to be used exclusively for the Dutch after the Netherlands became a united, independent state and the focus of English commercial rivalry[5] Linguistically speaking, Middle Dutch is no more than a collective name for closely related languages or dialects which were spoken and written between about 1150 and 1500 in the present-day Dutch-speaking region. ...
Low German (also called Niederdeutsch, Plattdeutsch or Plattdüütsch) is a name for the regional language varieties of the West Germanic languages spoken mainly in Northern Germany where it is officially called Niederdeutsch (Low German), and in Eastern Netherlands where it is officially called Nedersaksisch (Low Saxon). Low refers to...
The Pennsylvania Dutch (perhaps more strictly Pennsylvania Deitsch or Pennsylvanian German) are the descendants of German immigrants who came to Pennsylvania prior to 1800. ...
The term Flemish is used to describe the majority of Dutch dialects of Belgium and is derived through Old Norse flæmskr from Middle Dutch vlāmisch, vlemesch "Fleming, Flemish person". It has historically been used in contradistinction to Hollander, though the various dialects of Flanders are dialects of Dutch as well. Old Norse or Danish tongue is the Germanic language once spoken by the inhabitants of the Nordic countries (for instance during the Viking Age). ...
[edit] History -
The history of the Dutch language begins around AD 450–500, after Old Frankish, one of the many West Germanic tribal languages, was split by the Second Germanic consonant shift while at more or less the same time the Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law led to the development of the direct ancestors of modern Dutch Low Saxon, Frisian and English. Dutch is a West Germanic language, that originated from the Old Frankish dialects. ...
Old Frankish was the language of the Franks and it is classified as a West Germanic language. ...
West Germanic is the largest branch of the Germanic family of languages, including such languages as English, Dutch, and German. ...
High German subdivides into Upper German (green) and Central German (blue), and is distinguished from Low German (yellow). ...
In historical linguistics, the Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law (also called the Anglo-Frisian or North Sea Germanic nasal spirant law) is a description of a philological development in some dialects of West Germanic, which is attested in Old English, Old Frisian, and Old Saxon. ...
This article does not cite its references or sources. ...
This article is about the Frisian languages, as spoken in the north of the Netherlands and Germany. ...
The northern dialects of Old Frankish generally did not participate in either of these two shifts, except for a small amount of phonetic changes, and are hence known now as Old Low Franconian; the "Low" refers to dialects not influenced by the consonant shift. The most south-eastern dialects of the Franconian languages became part of High, though not Upper, German even though a dialect continuum remained. The fact that Dutch did not undergo the sound changes may be the reason why some people say that Dutch is like a bridge between English and German. Within Old Low Franconian there were two subgroups: Old East Low Franconian and Old West Low Franconian, which is better known as Old Dutch. East Low Franconian was eventually absorbed by Dutch as it became the dominant form of Low Franconian, although it remains a noticeable substrate within the southern Limburgish dialects of Dutch. Because the two groups were so similar it is often very hard to determine whether a text is Old Dutch or Old East Low Franconian, hence most linguists will generally use Old Dutch synonymously with Old Low Franconian and most of the time do not differentiate. Old Dutch (Also Old West Low Franconian) is a branch of Old Low Franconian spoken and written during the early middle ages (c. ...
Legend: Dutch. ...
Subdivisions Central German Upper German High German (in German, Hochdeutsch) is any of several German dialects spoken in Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein, Switzerland, and Luxembourg (as well as in neighbouring portions of Belgium, France (Alsace), Italy, Poland, and Romania (Transylvania) and in some areas of former colonial settlement, for example in...
Some basics of Germanic linguistics : in linguistics, German and Germanic do not have the same meaning: see Germanic. ...
Old German could refer to: Old High German Old Low German (also Old Saxon) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...
A dialect continuum is a range of dialects spoken across a large geographical area, differing only slightly between areas that are geographically close, and gradually decreasing in mutual intelligibility as the distances become greater. ...
The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...
Old Dutch (Also Old West Low Franconian) is a branch of Old Low Franconian spoken and written during the early middle ages (c. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Dutch, coincidentally like other Germanic languages, is conventionally divided into three phases. In the development of Dutch these phases were: Low Franconian is any of several West Germanic languages spoken in the Netherlands, northern Belgium, and South Africa. ...
This article does not cite its references or sources. ...
This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...
Nord (French, the north) is a département in the north of France. ...
This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
The Brussels-Capital Region (French: R gion de Bruxelles-Capitale, Dutch: Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest, German: Region Br ssel-Hauptstadt) or Brussels Region (French: R gion Bruxelloise, Dutch: Brusselse Gewest) is one of the three regions of Belgium. ...
- 450/500–1150 Old Dutch (First attested in the Salic Law)
- 1150–1500 Middle Dutch (Also called "Diets" in popular use, though not by linguists)
- 1500–present Modern Dutch (Saw the creation of the Dutch standard language and includes contemporary Dutch)
The transition between these languages was very gradual and one of the few moments linguists can detect somewhat of a revolution is when the Dutch standard language emerged and quickly established itself. It should be noted that Standard Dutch is very similar to most Dutch dialects. Old Dutch (Also Old West Low Franconian) is a branch of Old Low Franconian spoken and written during the early middle ages (c. ...
// The Salic law (Lat. ...
Linguistically speaking, Middle Dutch is no more than a collective name for closely related languages or dialects which were spoken and written between about 1150 and 1500 in the present-day Dutch-speaking region. ...
Dietsch (Diets in modern Dutch) is a colloquial word for the Middle Dutch language. ...
For the journal, see Linguistics (journal). ...
The development of the Dutch language is illustrated by the following sentence in Old, Middle and Modern Dutch.
- "Irlôsin sol an frithe sêla mîna fan thên thia ginâcont mi, wanda under managon he was mit mi" (Old Dutch)
- "Erlossen sal [hi] in vrede siele mine van dien die genaken mi, want onder menegen hi was met mi" (Middle Dutch)
(Using same word order) In linguistic typology, word order, or more precisely constituent order refers to the permitted combinations of words or larger constituents. ...
- "Verlossen zal hij in vrede ziel mijn van degenen die [te] na komen mij, want onder velen hij was met mij" (Modern Dutch)
(Using correct contemporary Dutch word order) - "Hij zal mijn ziel in vrede verlossen van degenen die mij te na komen, want onder velen was hij met mij" (Modern Dutch) (see Psalm 55:19)
- "He will deliver my soul in peace from those who attack me, because, amongst many, he was with me" (English translation) (see Psalm 55:18)
A process of standardization started in the Middle ages, especially under the influence of the Burgundian Ducal Court in Dijon (Brussels after 1477). The dialects of Flanders and Brabant were the most influential around this time. The process of standardization became much stronger at the start of the 16th century, mainly based on the urban dialect of Antwerp. In 1585 Antwerp fell to the Spanish army: many fled to the Northern Netherlands, especially the province of Holland, where they influenced the urban dialects of that province. In 1637, a further important step was made towards a unified language, when the first major Dutch Bible translation was created that people from all over the United Provinces could understand. It used elements from various, even Dutch Low Saxon, dialects but was predominantly based on the urban dialects of Holland. This article is about the term God in the context of monotheism and henotheism. ...
A standard language (also standard dialect or standardized dialect) is a particular variety of a language that has been given either legal or quasi-legal status. ...
The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ...
Coat of arms of the second Duchy of Burgundy and later of the French province of Burgundy Burgundy (French: ; German: ) is a historic region of France, inhabited in turn by Celts (Gauls), Romans (Gallo-Romans), and various Germanic peoples, most importantly the Burgundians and the Franks; the former gave their...
Events January 5 - Battle of Nancy - Charles the Bold of Burgundy is again defeated, and this time is killed. ...
Brabantian is a dialect of the Dutch language spoken in Noord-Brabant and in the Belgian provinces of Antwerpen and Vlaams-Brabant. ...
For other uses, see Antwerp (disambiguation). ...
1585 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. ...
Events February 3 - Tulipmania collapses in Netherlands by government order February 15 - Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor December 17 - Shimabara Rebellion erupts in Japan Pierre de Fermat makes a marginal claim to have proof of what would become known as Fermats last theorem. ...
The Bible has been translated into many languages. ...
This article does not cite its references or sources. ...
This article is about a region in the Netherlands. ...
[edit] Classification Dutch is a Germanic language, and within this family it is a West Germanic language. Dutch did not experience the High German consonant shift (apart from the transition from /θ/ to /d/), and is a Low Franconian language. There was at one time a dialect continuum that blurred the boundary between Dutch and Low Saxon. In some small areas, there are still dialect continuums, but they are gradually becoming extinct. For other uses, see Indo-European. ...
The West Germanic languages constitute the largest branch of the Germanic family of languages and include languages such as German, English and Frisian, as well as Dutch and Afrikaans. ...
The European Low Franconian language area (Southeast Limburgish around Aachen and Low Dietsch area in Belgium excluded) Low Franconian (also Low Frankish) is any of several West Germanic languages spoken in the Netherlands, northern Belgium, Suriname, South Africa, Namibia and north-western Germany descended from Old Frankish. ...
Look up Appendix:Afrikaans and Dutch Swadesh lists in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Proto-Indo-European Indo-European studies The Germanic languages form one of the branches of the Indo-European (IE) language family, spoken by the Germanic peoples who settled in northern Europe along the borders of the Roman Empire. ...
West Germanic is the largest branch of the Germanic family of languages, including such languages as English, Dutch, and German. ...
High German subdivides into Upper German (green) and Central German (blue), and is distinguished from Low German (yellow). ...
Low Franconian is any of several West Germanic languages spoken in The Netherlands, northern Belgium, and South Africa. ...
A dialect continuum is a range of dialects spoken across a large geographical area, differing only slightly between areas that are geographically close, and gradually decreasing in mutual intelligibility as the distances become greater. ...
Dutch is grammatically similar to German, such as in syntax and verb morphology (for a comparison of verb morphology in English, Dutch and German, see Germanic weak verb and Germanic strong verb). In Germanic languages, weak verbs are by far the largest group of verbs, which are therefore often regarded as the norm, though historically they are not the oldest or most original group. ...
In the Germanic languages, strong verbs are those which mark their past tenses by means of ablaut. ...
Dutch has grammatical cases, but these are now mostly limited to pronouns and set phrases. Dutch has three genders: masculine, feminine and neuter although masculine and feminine have merged to form the common gender (de), whilst the neuter (het) remains distinct as before. The inflectional grammar of Dutch, for instance in adjective and noun endings, has been simplified over time. A set phrase is an expression (i. ...
In the Dutch language, nouns have one of three grammatical genders: masculine, feminine, or neuter. ...
For many English speakers, basic Dutch, when written, looks recognizable, but the pronunciation may be markedly different. This is true especially of the diphthongs and of the letter <g>, which is pronounced as a velar continuant. The rhotic pronunciation of <r> causes some English-speakers to believe Dutch sounds similar to a West Country accent; this is the reason for Bill Bryson's famous remark that when one hears Dutch one feels one ought to be able to understand it. Dutch pronunciation is, however, difficult to master for English speakers, its diphthongs and gutturals being the greatest obstacles. Look up pronunciation in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
In phonetics, a diphthong (also gliding vowel) (Greek δίφθογγος, diphthongos, literally with two sounds, or with two tones) is a monosyllabic vowel combination involving a quick but smooth movement from one vowel to another, often interpreted by listeners as a single vowel sound or phoneme. ...
Rhotic consonants, or R-like sounds, are non-lateral liquid consonants. ...
William McGuire Bill Bryson, OBE, (born December 8, 1951 in Des Moines, Iowa) is a best-selling American author of humorous books on travel, as well as books on the English language and on scientific subjects. ...
[edit] Geographic distribution  The historic range of the Dutch language in the Netherlands, Belgium, France and Germany Dutch is spoken by almost all inhabitants of the Netherlands and Flanders (the northern half of Belgium); in Flanders, it is often referred to by the dialect name Vlaams (Flemish). It is also spoken in the bilingual region of Brussels, together with French and other languages. In the northernmost part of France, the Dunkirk arrondissement in the Nord département, Dutch is still spoken as a minority language, also often called Vlaams. On the Caribbean islands of Aruba and the Netherlands Antilles, Dutch is used, but is less common than Papiamento (Aruba, Curaçao, Bonaire) and English (Sint Maarten, Sint Eustatius, Saba). Dutch is spoken as a mother tongue by about 60% of the population in Suriname, most of whom are bilingual with Sranan Tongo or other ethnic languages (2005, Nederlandse Taalunie: [2], in Dutch). There are also some speakers of Dutch in countries with many Dutch and Flemish immigrants, such as Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the United States. In South Africa and Namibia the closely-related language Afrikaans is spoken. There are also a number of Dutch speakers in Indonesia. For other uses, see Flanders (disambiguation). ...
The Brussels-Capital Region (French: R gion de Bruxelles-Capitale, Dutch: Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest, German: Region Br ssel-Hauptstadt) or Brussels Region (French: R gion Bruxelloise, Dutch: Brusselse Gewest) is one of the three regions of Belgium. ...
For other uses of Dunkirk or Dunkerque, see Dunkirk (disambiguation). ...
Extent of Flemish in the Arrondissement of Dunkirk, 1874 and 1972 Nord (French: North) is a département in the north of France. ...
West Indies redirects here. ...
Papiamento or Papiamentu is the primary language spoken on the Caribbean islands of Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao (the so-called ABC islands). ...
For other uses, see Curaçao (disambiguation). ...
Anthem: Tera di Solo y suave biento Capital (and largest city) Kralendijk Official languages Dutch Government See Politics of the Netherlands Antilles - Bonaire Administrator - Governor of N.A. Frits Goedgedrag Constitutional monarchy part of the Netherlands Antilles Area - Total 288 km² 111 sq mi Population - 2001 census 10,791 - Density...
The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...
Motto Semper pro grediens (Latin) Anthem O sweet Saint-Martins Land Capital (and largest city) Philipsburg Official languages Dutch, English Government See Politics of the Netherlands Antilles - Administrator Franklyn Richards constitutional monarchy part of the Netherlands Antilles, separate country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands as from December 15...
Map showing location of Sint Eustatius relative to Saba and Sint Maarten/Saint Martin. ...
Motto Remis Velisque (Latin) With oars and sails (English) Anthem Saba you rise from the ocean Capital The Bottom Largest city The Bottom Official languages Dutch, Papiamento and English (unofficial) Government See Politics of the Netherlands Antilles - Saba Administrator A.J.M. Solagnier - Governor of N.A. Frits Goedgedrag Constitutional...
Sranan (also Sranan Tongo Surinamean tongue, Surinaams, Surinamese, Suriname Creole English) is a creole language spoken as a native language by approximately 120,000 people in Suriname. ...
The Unions member states Where Dutch is spoken The Nederlandse Taalunie or Dutch Language Union is an international institution for discussing issues relating to the Dutch language. ...
Look up Appendix:Afrikaans and Dutch Swadesh lists in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
[edit] Official status Dutch is an official language of the Netherlands, Belgium, Suriname, Aruba, Netherlands Antilles, and the Union of South American Nations. The Dutch, Flemish and Surinamese governments coordinate their language activities in the Nederlandse Taalunie ('Dutch Language Union'). Dutch was an official language in South Africa up until 1961 (it had fallen into disuse after Afrikaans became an official language in 1925). A noticeable minority of the inhabitants of New Zealand, 16,347 (0.4%) are sufficiently fluent in Dutch to carry on an everyday conversation.[6] An official language is a language that is given a special legal status in the countries, states, and other territories. ...
Pro Tempore Secretariat BrasÃlia Official languages 4 Spanish Portuguese English Dutch Member states 12 Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Guyana Paraguay Peru Suriname Uruguay Venezuela Leaders - President Rodrigo Borja - Tempore Secretary Jorge Taunay Filho Formation - Cuzco Declaration 8 December 2004 Area - Total 17,715,335 km² (1st2) sq...
The Unions member states Where Dutch is spoken The Nederlandse Taalunie or Dutch Language Union is an international institution for discussing issues relating to the Dutch language. ...
Look up Appendix:Afrikaans and Dutch Swadesh lists in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Standaardnederlands or Algemeen Nederlands ('Common Dutch', abbreviated to AN) is the standard language as taught in schools and used by authorities in the Netherlands, Flanders, Suriname, Aruba and the Netherlands Antilles. The Dutch Language Union defines what is AN and what is not. A standard language (also standard dialect or standardized dialect) is a particular variety of a language that has been given either legal or quasi-legal status. ...
Since efforts to uplift people came to be considered rather presumptuous, the earlier name Algemeen Beschaafd Nederlands ('Common Civilized Dutch') and its abbreviation ABN have been replaced with Algemeen Nederlands and thus AN. The implicit insinuation that people who spoke dialect or with an accent were not civilized was thus removed.
[edit] The Netherlands Dutch is the official and foremost language of the Netherlands, a nation of 16.4 million people. In the province of Friesland, Frisian is also recognized, but this language is only spoken by some hundreds of thousands of Frisians. In the Netherlands there are a lot of different dialects, but they are often overruled and replaced by the language of the media, school, government etc, Standard Dutch. Immigrant languages are Indonesian, Turkish, Moroccan Berber, Papiamento, and Sranan. In the second generation these newcomers often speak Dutch as their mother tongue, but sometimes alongside the language of the parents. Capital Leeuwarden Queens Commissioner drs. ...
Dutch ( (help· info)), sometimes referred to as Netherlandic in English, is a Low Germanic language spoken by around 22 million people, mainly in the Netherlands and Belgium (2005 [1]). Dutch spoken in Flanders (Vlaanderen), the northern part of Belgium, is sometimes referred to as Flemish (Vlaams). ...
The Kingdom of Morocco is a country in northwest Africa. ...
The Berber languages (or Tamazight) are a group of closely related languages mainly spoken in Morocco and Algeria. ...
Papiamento or Papiamentu is the primary language spoken on the Caribbean islands of Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao (the so-called ABC islands). ...
Sranang Tongo (Surinamean tongue), also Sranan Tongo or (pejorative) Takki Takki, is a Creole language spoken as a native language by 100 000 people in Suriname. ...
[edit] Belgium
 Language situation in Belgium |
 Dutch and French speaking Brussels |  The place of Dutch in Brussels (yellow) | Belgium is divided along linguistic lines. In the north is the Dutch-speaking Flanders, the south of the country is French-speaking Wallonia. Dutch is one of the main two official languages (the other is French); German is the official language in the main part of the small eastern region of Eupen-Malmédy, the so-called East Cantons, two of which form the German-speaking Community of Belgium with an area of only 854 km², and a population of 73,000. Brussels, the capital and located in Flanders, is officially bilingual but mainly French-speaking. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Brussels_signs. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Brussels_signs. ...
For other uses, see Flanders (disambiguation). ...
Wallonia (French: Wallonie, German: Wallonien, Walloon: Walonreye, Dutch: Wallonië) or the Walloon Region (French: Région Wallonne, Dutch: Waals Gewest) is the predominantly French-speaking region that constitutes one of the three federal regions of Belgium, with its capital at Namur. ...
Eupen-Malmedy, (the French-speaking Belgians once called them the Redeemed Cantons; or the East Cantons (in German, die Ostkantone; in French, les Cantons de l’Est), are composed of the former Prussian districts (Kreise in German) of Malmedy, Eupen, increased by the addition of neutral Moresnet. ...
The Executive (government) of the German-speaking Community meets in Eupen Flag of the German-speaking community in Belgium The German-speaking Community of Belgium (German: , short DGB) is one of the three federal communities in Belgium. ...
[edit] Flanders - See also: Flemish (linguistics)
Flanders is the Dutch speaking northern half of Belgium. Dutch is the official language there, and almost everybody speaks it, which makes a number of 6 million in total. The dialects spoken in Flanders are somewhat more divergent from standard Dutch than those spoken in the Netherlands, despite the fact that standard Dutch is mostly based on 16th century Flemish and Brabantic dialects.[citation needed] Flemish (Vlaams in Dutch), as the general adjective relating to Flanders, can refer to the speech of the Flemings, inhabitants of Flanders, though for the Flemish Community[1], Algemeen Nederlands (Common Dutch) is the official name of the standard language hence in English referred to as standard Dutch. ...
For other uses, see Flanders (disambiguation). ...
[edit] Brussels -
In Brussels Capital Region both Dutch and French are official languages. Many of the inhabitants are bilingual, but French is the dominant language of the city. Immigrants mostly adopt French as their language. Daily commuting from Flanders amounts to 250,000 people, which reinforces the bilingual situation. [7] Their bilingualism is often more hidden, just like it is in a city such as Cape Town with respect to Afrikaans and English.[citation needed] Historically, Brussels was Dutch speaking and the indigenous older generation still speaks the city dialect. Brussels Capital Region is surrounded by Flemish territory, where there are municipalities with facilities for French speaking people. The Brussels-Capital Region (French: R gion de Bruxelles-Capitale, Dutch: Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest, German: Region Br ssel-Hauptstadt) or Brussels Region (French: R gion Bruxelloise, Dutch: Brusselse Gewest) is one of the three regions of Belgium. ...
Nickname: Motto: Spes Bona (Latin for Good Hope) Location of the City of Cape Town in Western Cape Province Coordinates: , Country Province Municipality City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality Founded 1652 Government [1] - Type City council - Mayor Helen Zille - City manager Achmat Ebrahim Area - Total 2,499 km² (964. ...
[edit] Wallonia The official language of Wallonia is French and in the Eastern part of the province Liege as well. There are some municipalities near the Dutch-French Language border where Dutch is recognized. French speakers also have facilities in the Flemish Voerstreek region (Fourons) and in Ronse (Renaix). This was settled in 1962, when Dutch as a language became equal to French. In the so-called Low Dietsch language area (Dutch: Platdietse streek) in the province of Liege – an "officially" French speaking area –an old Dutch/German dialect is used, called Low Dietsch (Dutch: Platdiets). The villages that make part of this area do not belong to municipalities with language facilities. Wallonia (French: Wallonie, German: Wallonien, Walloon: Walonreye, Dutch: Wallonië) or the Walloon Region (French: Région Wallonne, Dutch: Waals Gewest) is the predominantly French-speaking region that constitutes one of the three federal regions of Belgium, with its capital at Namur. ...
A language border is a border between two language areas. ...
Geography Country Belgium Community Flemish Community Region Flemish Region Province Limburg Arrondissement Tongeren Coordinates , , Area 50. ...
Voeren (French: Fourons) is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Limburg. ...
Ronse (French: Renaix) is a municipality located in the province of East Flanders, Flemish Region, Belgium. ...
Ronse (French: Renaix) is a municipality located in the Flemish province of East Flanders, in Belgium. ...
Low Dietsch (Dutch: Platdiets, Limburgish: Platduutsj, French: Thiois or Platdutch) is a term mainly used within the Flemish terminology for the transitional Limburgish-Ripuarian dialects of a number of towns and villages in the north-east of the Belgian province of Liege, such as Gemmenich, Homburg, Montzen and Welkenraedt. ...
Low Dietsch (Dutch: Platdiets, Limburgish: Platduutsj, French: Thiois or Platdutch) is a term mainly used within the Flemish terminology for the transitional Limburgish-Ripuarian dialects of a number of towns and villages in the north-east of the Belgian province of Liege, such as Gemmenich, Homburg, Montzen and Welkenraedt. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
[edit] Suriname Suriname is a South-American country (geographically, but historically, culturally and economically a Caribbean one), which was a Dutch colony until 1975. After Sranan, Dutch is the biggest and most widely spread language in the country. More than 60% of the inhabitants have Dutch as mother tongue. The others speak Dutch very well to very poor, as a second or third language, with their ethnic language as first one, like Javanese, Saramacaans, Aucaans and Indian languages etc. Sranan is used as the lingua franca between those groups, while Dutch is the official language. The Dutch spoken there is sometimes considered to be like Jamacian English. Since 2005 Suriname has become a member of the Nederlandse Taalunie (Dutch Language Union). West Indies redirects here. ...
Year 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Sranang Tongo (Surinamean tongue), also Sranan Tongo or (pejorative) Takki Takki, is a Creole language spoken as a native language by 100 000 people in Suriname. ...
Javanese is a term used to describe a native of the Indonesian island of Java. ...
Sranang Tongo (Surinamean tongue), also Sranan Tongo or (pejorative) Takki Takki, is a Creole language spoken as a native language by 100 000 people in Suriname. ...
The Nederlandse Taalunie or Dutch Language Union is an institution for discussing issues on the Dutch language between three partners: The Netherlands, Flanders (Dutch-speaking part of Belgium) and Suriname. ...
The Unions member states Where Dutch is spoken The Nederlandse Taalunie or Dutch Language Union is an international institution for discussing issues relating to the Dutch language. ...
 Map of the Dutch language. Yellow is where it was once spoken, dark blue is where it is spoken today(offically),light blue where it is spoken by a minority, and green where it is spoken by a small community. Brown is the daughter languague Afrikaans
[edit] Afrikaans in South Africa and Namibia One of the 11 official languages of South Africa, Afrikaans is derived from Dutch and is the mother tongue of about 15% of South Africa's population, a total of 6 million people. It is also spoken or understood by more than 10 million other speakers. It has official status in Namibia as well, where it is understood by 60% of the country (more than 1 million). Afrikaans originated from modern Dutch (17th century-present) and is very similar to "European Dutch", the speakers of modern Dutch and of Afrikaans have only minor problems in communicating with each other. Map showing principal South African languages by municipality. ...
Look up Appendix:Afrikaans and Dutch Swadesh lists in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
The Afrikaners (or "Boers"), the Dutch colonists in Southern Africa, had used the same spelling up to 1925. Then the Afrikaners created their own spelling and this (Afrikaans, Dutch for African) replaced official Dutch. In 1925 Afrikaans and Dutch (declared as the same language) became the official language of the Union of South Africa. Dutch was totally replaced by Afrikaans in 1984 in legislation, but Dutch had no government function beyond 1961.
Before the United Kingdom took control of South Africa from the Netherlands in 1814, the Afrikaans language (which wasn't called or considered Afrikaans at that time) was exposed to a steady stream of Dutch language influence, and the two languages were therefore almost identical. The differentiation and major changes from Dutch, started when the Cape Dutch settlers moved North (Trek Boers). In addition, when the UK seized South Africa, the Dutch language spoken in South Africa was practically cut off from other Dutch-speaking areas, allowing the language to differentiate and evolve further. Look up Appendix:Afrikaans and Dutch Swadesh lists in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
The Trekboers were descendents of Dutch settlers, French Huguenot refugees, German Protestants, Friesians and smaller numbers of Belgians, Scandinavians, Scots, also some Indian slaves due to intermarriage, and an a mixture of Khoi and Malay due to absorption into the nascent Boer nation. ...
Afrikaners are white South Africans of predominantly Calvinist Dutch, German, French Huguenot, Friesian and Walloon descent who speak Afrikaans. ...
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a country in western Europe, and member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the G8, the European Union, and NATO. Usually known simply as the United Kingdom, the UK, or (inaccurately) as Great Britain or Britain, the UK has four constituent...
 Bilingual sign in South Africa |
 Bilingual warning signs in South Africa | In 1925 the Afrikaans language was recognized as one of South Africa's official languages, alongside Dutch and English. The Afrikaans New Testament was published in 1927 and the first Afrikaans Bible was issued in 1933. This had an influence in consolidating the Afrikaans language. Dutch was only formally de-recognized in South Africa in 1984 (since 1961 it had merited only a mention in the legislation). By that time, however, it had no longer been in everyday official use for some time. The distinction of Afrikaans from the Dutch language appeared to be in danger just after the Second World War when a great number of Dutch immigrants chose South Africa as their new homeland. The Afrikaans language survived the new influx of Dutch speakers, however, which might otherwise have turned Afrikaans into a mixed language. Almost all of the Dutch immigrants and their descendants now speak Afrikaans instead of Dutch, albeit (in the case of the Dutch-born parents) with a slight accent because mutual intelligibility still exists. The differences between the two languages are considerably more than e.g. between European Portuguese and Brazilian or European and Latin-American Spanish. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 492 pixelsFull resolution‎ (805 × 495 pixels, file size: 436 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) La bildo estas kopiita de wikipedia:fr. ...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 492 pixelsFull resolution‎ (805 × 495 pixels, file size: 436 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) La bildo estas kopiita de wikipedia:fr. ...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 359 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (471 × 786 pixel, file size: 320 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) (All user names refer to commons. ...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 359 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (471 × 786 pixel, file size: 320 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) (All user names refer to commons. ...
Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...
Immigration is the act of moving to or settling in another country or region, temporarily or permanently. ...
A mixed language is a language that arises when speakers of different languages are in contact and show a high degree of bilingualism. ...
In linguistics, mutual intelligibility is a property exhibited by a set of languages when speakers of any one of them can readily understand all the others without intentional study or extraordinary effort. ...
A Dutch speaker can usually read Afrikaans easily, and to a slightly lesser degree, also orally understand it, especially when one's native dialect is Hollandic, Zealandic, Flemish or Brabantic. Afrikaans can be considered a creole language. South Africans also contributed their part to Dutch literature and Dutch is still a very important colonial language. Universities teach Afrikaans and Dutch as a one-language study, and the only monument to the Dutch language can be found in South Africa. Hollandic (Dutch: Hollands) is, together with Brabantic, the most frequently used dialect of the Dutch language. ...
Zealandic (Zêeuws in Zeelandic, Zeeuws in Dutch) is a regional language spoken in the Dutch province of Zeeland and on the South Holland island of Goeree-Overflakkee. ...
Flemish (Vlaams in Dutch), as the general adjective relating to Flanders, can refer to the speech of the Flemings, inhabitants of Flanders, though for the Flemish Community[1], Algemeen Nederlands (Common Dutch) is the official name of the standard language hence in English referred to as standard Dutch. ...
Brabantian is a dialect of the Dutch language spoken in Noord-Brabant and in the Belgian provinces of Antwerpen and Vlaams-Brabant. ...
Other (historical) names of Afrikaans are the following:
- Kaap-Hollands / Kaap-Nederlands (Cape Hollandic/Cape Dutch)
- Zuid-Afrikaans (South African)
- (Zuid-)Afrikaans-Nederlands ((South) African Dutch)
- Afro-Nederlands / Afro-Hollands (Afro-Dutch/Afro-Hollandic)
- Keukennederlands / Kombuistaaltje (Kitchen Dutch/Kitchen language)
- Koloniaal-Nederlands (Colonial Dutch)
[edit] Dialects -
An overview of the minority languages, regional languages and dialects spoken in the three countries of the Benelux is to be found in the main article. Map illustrating the area in which Dutch is spoken. ...
Location of Benelux in Europe Official languages Dutch and French Membership Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Website http://www. ...
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Main article: Dutch dialects Dutch dialects are remarkably diverse. The Netherlands have quite a lot different regions and various dialects. To a less degree, the same applies to Flanders. A special series on Dutch dialects provides detailed information on this subject.
[edit] Sounds -
Dutch devoices all consonants at the ends of words (e.g. a final /d/ becomes [t]), which presents a problem for Dutch speakers when learning English. This is partly reflected in the spelling, the singular of huizen (houses) becomes huis and of and of duiven (doves) becomes duif. The other cases, viz. "p"/"b" and "d"/"t" are always written with the voiced consonant, although a devoiced one is actually pronounced, e.g. sg. baard (beard), pronounced as baart, has plural baarden and sg. rib (rib), pronounced as rip has plural ribben. The introduction of this article does not provide enough context for readers unfamiliar with the subject to understand later context. ...
Because of assimilation, often the initial consonant of the next word is also devoiced, e.g. het vee (the cattle) is /(h)ətfe/. This process of devoicing is taken to an extreme in some regions (Amste
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