Henri Dutilleux (born January 22, 1916 in Angers, France) is one of the most important French composers of the second half of the 20th century, producing work in the tradition of Maurice Ravel, Claude Debussy, and Albert Roussel, but in a style distinctly his own. Although his output is relatively small, its quality and originality have won international acclaim. is the 22nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Friday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Angers is a city in France in the département of Maine-et-Loire, 191 m. ... Maurice Ravel. ... Claude Debussy, photo by Félix Nadar, 1908. ... Albert Roussel was a French composer. ...

Life

As a young man, Dutilleux studied harmony, counterpoint and piano with Victor Gallois at the Douai Conservatory before leaving for Paris. There from 1933 to 1938 he attended the classes of Jean and Noël Gallon (harmony and counterpoint), Henri-Paul Busser (composition) and Maurice Emmanuel (history of music) at the Paris Conservatoire. Harmony is the use and study of pitch simultaneity, and therefore chords, actual or implied, in music. ... For other uses, see Counterpoint (disambiguation). ... A short grand piano, with the lid up. ... Bell tower of Douai, Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot, 1871. ... This article is about the capital of France. ... Conservatoire de Paris, or Paris Conservatoire, has been central to the evolution of music in France and Western Europe. ...

Dutilleux won the Prix de Rome in 1938 for his cantata L'Anneau du Roi but did not complete the entire residency in Rome due to the outbreak of World War II. He worked for a year as a medical orderly in the army and then came back to Paris in 1940 where he worked as a pianist, arranger and music teacher and in 1942 conducted the choir of the Paris Opera. The Prix de Rome was a scholarship for art students. ... A cantata (Italian, sung) is a vocal composition with an instrumental accompaniment and generally containing more than one movement. ... Year 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... A pianist is a person who plays the piano. ... In popular music an arrangement is a setting of a piece of music, which may have been composed by the arranger or by someone else. ... Music education comprises the application of education methods in teaching music. ... Year 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Opéra National de Paris is the leading opera company of France. ...

Dutilleux worked as Head of Music Production for French Radio from 1945 to 1963. He served as Professor of Composition at the École Normale de Musique de Paris from 1961 to 1970. He was appointed to the staff of the Paris Conservatoire in 1970 and was composer in residence at Tanglewood in 1995 and 1998. His students include French composers Gérard Grisey and Francis Bayer, Canadian composer Jacques Hétu, British composers Kenneth Hesketh and Andrew McBirnie, and American composers Derek Bermel and David S. Sampson. Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ... For other uses, see 1963 (disambiguation). ... The École Normale de Musique de Paris was founded in 1919 by the pianist Alfred Cortot and his partner Auguste Mangeot. ... Year 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Tanglewood Music Shed and lawn. ... Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... Gérard Grisey (born 1946; died November 11, 1998) was a French composer of contemporary music. ... Jacques Hétu (born August 8, 1938, Trois-Rivières, Quebec) is a Canadian composer. ... This article needs to be wikified. ... Andrew McBirnie (born 1971, Portsmouth) is a British composer and music educator. ... Derek Bermel (b. ... This article is about the American composer. ...

Influences and Style

Dutilleux's music extends the legacies of earlier French composers like Debussy and Ravel but is also clearly influenced by Béla Bartók and Igor Stravinsky. His attitude towards Serialism is more problematic. While he has always paid attention to the developments of contemporary music and has incorporated some serialist techniques into his own compositions, he has also criticized the more radical and intolerant aspects of the movement. As an independent composer, Dutilleux has always refused to be associated with any school. Rather, his works merge the traditions of earlier composers and post-World War II innovations and translate them into his own idiosyncratic style. His music also contains echoes of jazz as can be heard in the double bass introduction to his First Symphony and his frequent use of syncopated rhythms. Claude Debussy, photo by Félix Nadar, 1908. ... Maurice Ravel. ... Bartok redirects here. ... Igor Stravinsky. ... The references in this article would be clearer with a different and/or consistent style of citation, footnoting or external linking. ... This page is a candidate to be moved to Wiktionary. ... For other uses, see Jazz (disambiguation). ... Side and front views of a modern double bass with a French bow. ...

Some of Dutilleux's trademarks include very refined orchestral textures; complex rhythms; a preference for atonality and modality over tonality; the use of pedal points that serve as atonal pitch centers; and "reverse variation," by which a theme is not exposed immediately but rather revealed gradually, appearing in its complete form only after a few partial, tentative expositions. His music also displays a very strong sense of structure and symmetry. This is particularly obvious from an "external" point of view i.e. the overall organisation of the different movements or the spatial distribution of the various instruments but is also apparent in the music itself (themes, harmonies and rhythms mirroring, complementing or opposing each other). Most of his works have a highly poetic, dream-like quality, which makes them relatively more accessible than those of many other post-World War II composers. Atonality describes music not conforming to the system of tonal hierarchies, which characterizes the sound of classical European music between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries. ... In music, modality is the subject concerning certain diatonic scales known as modes (e. ... Tonality is a system of writing music according to certain hierarchical pitch relationships around a key center or tonic. ... In tonal music, a pedal point (also pedal tone, organ point, or just pedal) is a sustained tone, typically in the bass, during which at least one foreign, i. ...

Dutilleux's music has often been influenced by art and literature, such as the works of Vincent van Gogh, Charles Baudelaire, and Marcel Proust. It also shows a concern for the concepts of time and memory, both in its use of quotations (notably from Bartók, Britten and Jehan Alain), and in short interludes that recall material used in earlier movements and/or introduce ideas that will be fully developed later. van Gogh redirects here. ... “Baudelaire” redirects here. ... Proust redirects here. ... Béla Viktor János Bartók (March 25, 1881 – September 26, 1945) was a composer, pianist and collector of East European folk music. ... Edward Benjamin Britten, Baron Britten (November 22, 1913 – December 4, 1976) was a British composer and pianist. ... Jehan Alain (February 3, 1911, Saint-Germain-en-Laye - June 20, 1940, Saumur) was a French organist and composer. ...

A perfectionist with a strong sense of artistic integrity, he has allowed only a small number of his works to be published, and what he does publish he often revises and adjusts many times subsequently.

Music

Dutilleux numbered as Op. 1 his Piano Sonata (1946-1948), written for pianist Geneviève Joy whom he had married in 1946. He has renounced most of the works he composed before it because he did not believe them to be representative of his mature standards, considering many of them to be too derivative to have merit.

After the Piano Sonata, Dutilleux started working on his First Symphony (1951). It consists of four monothematic movements and has a perfectly symmetrical structure: music slowly emerges from silence (1st movement) and builds towards a fast climax (2nd), keeps its momentum (3rd), and finally slowly fades out (4th).

In 1953, Dutilleux wrote the music for the ballet Le Loup. It was a considerable success which made him known to a wider audience. For other uses, see Ballet (disambiguation). ...

In his Second Symphony, titled Le Double (1959), the orchestra is divided into two groups: a small one at the front with instruments taken from the various sections (brass, woodwind, strings and percussion) and a bigger one at the back consisting of the rest of the orchestra. Although this brings to mind the Baroque concerto grosso, Dutilleux has stated that that was not the idea behind the work. Rather, the smaller ensemble acts as a mirror or ghost of the bigger one, sometimes playing similar or complementary lines, sometimes contrasting ones. For other uses, see Baroque (disambiguation). ... The concerto grosso (Italian for big concert(o), plural concerti grossi) is a form of baroque music in which the musical material is passed between a small group of soloists (the concertino) and full orchestra (the ripieno). ...

His next work, Métaboles (for orchestra, 1965) explores the idea of metamorphosis, how a series of subtle and gradual changes can radically transform a structure. A different section of the orchestra dominates each of the first four movements before the fifth brings them all together for the finale. It is one of Dutilleux's best known and most acclaimed compositions. A Pieris rapae larva An older Pieris rapae larva A Pieris rapae pupa A Pieris rapae adult Metamorphosis is a process in biology by which an individual physically develops after birth or hatching, and involves significant change in form as well as growth and differentiation. ...

In the mid-sixties, Dutilleux met Mstislav Rostropovich, who commissioned him to write a cello concerto. Rostropovich premiered the work, titled Tout un monde lointain, in 1970. It is one of the most important additions to the cello repertoire of the 20th century. In five movements, Tout un Monde Lointain is a nocturnal, mysterious work with a delicate orchestration and an eerily beautiful, yet highly virtuosic solo part. While most of the concerto is introspective and meditative, it also has occasional outbursts of violence and a frantic build-up to the ambiguous, suspended finale. Mstislav Leopoldovich Rostropovich KBE (Russian: Мстисла́в Леопо́льдович Ростропо́вич, Mstislav Leopoldovič Rostropovič, IPA: ), (March 27, 1927 – April 27, 2007), known to close friends as “Slava”, was a Russian cellist and conductor. ... A violoncello concerto is a concerto for solo violoncello with orchestra or, very occasionally, smaller groups of instruments. ... This article is about the stringed musical instrument. ...

After the cello concerto, Dutilleux turned to chamber music for the first time in more than 20 years and published various works for piano (Figures de Résonances, 3 Préludes) and the important 3 Strophes sur le Nom de Sacher (1976) for solo cello. But his most remarkable work of that era is the string quartet Ainsi la Nuit (1976). Each of its movements highlights various special effects (pizzicato, glissandi, harmonics, extreme registers, contrasting dynamics…) resulting in a difficult but fascinating work, which is among Dutilleux's very best. Chamber music is a form of classical music, written for a small group of instruments which traditionally could be accommodated in a palace chamber. ... The resident string quartet of the Library of Congress in 1963 A string quartet is a musical ensemble of four string instruments—usually two violins, a viola and cello—or a piece written to be performed by such a group. ... Jazz bass is played almost exclusively in pizzicato. ... Glissando (plural: glissandi) is a musical term that refers to either a continuous sliding from one pitch to another (a true glissando), or an incidental scale played while moving from one melodic note to another (an effective glissando). ... In acoustics and telecommunication, the harmonic of a wave is a component frequency of the signal that is an integral multiple of the fundamental frequency. ...

He then returned to orchestral works in 1978 with Timbres, Espace, Mouvement ou la Nuit Etoilée, inspired by Vincent Van Gogh's The Starry Night. In this composition, Dutilleux attempted to translate into musical terms the opposition between emptiness and movement conveyed by the painting, with strikingly successful results. The work employs a string section of only lower-register instruments: cellos and double basses, no violins or violas. Timbres, espace, mouvement (Pitch, space, movement) is a work for orchestra composed by Henri Dutilleux in 1978. ... For other uses, see Starry Night (disambiguation). ...

In 1985, Isaac Stern premiered L'Arbre des Songes, a violin concerto that he had commissioned Dutilleux to write. Like its cello counterpart, it is an essential addition to the instrument's 20th century repertoire. Isaac Stern (July 21, 1920 – September 22, 2001) is widely considered one of the finest violin virtuosi of the twentieth century. ... A violin concerto is a concerto for solo violin (occasionally, two or more violins) and instrumental ensemble, customarily orchestra. ...

Dutilleux later wrote Mystère de l'Instant (for cymbalum, string orchestra and percussion, 1989), Les Citations (for oboe, harpsichord, double bass and percussion, 1991), The Shadows of Time (for orchestra and children voices, 1997), Slava's Fanfare (for Rostropovich's 70th birthday, 1997) and Sur le Même Accord (for violin and orchestra, 2002 - dedicated to Anne-Sophie Mutter). Cymbalum // Overview The cymbalum, cymbalom, cimbalom (most common spelling), Å£ambal, tsymbaly, tsimbl or santouri is a musical instrument found mainly in the music of Hungary, Romania, Moldova, Greece and Ukraine. ... Anne-Sophie Mutter (born June 29, 1963 in Rheinfelden, Germany) is a German violinist. ...

In 2003, he completed Correspondances, a song-cycle for soprano and orchestra inspired by poems and letters by Prithwindra Mukherjee, Rilke, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and Van Gogh. This work has received a very enthusiastic reception and has been programmed severaltimes since its première. This article is about the voice-type. ... Prithwindra Mukherjee (b. ... Rainer Maria Rilke (born 4 December 1875 in Prague; died 29 December 1926 in Val-Mont (Switzerland)) was an important poet in the German language. ... Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn (Russian: , IPA:  ; born December 11, 1918) is a Russian novelist, dramatist and historian. ... van gogh is a piece of shit Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890), Netherlands artist. ...

His latest work is another song-cycle entitled Le Temps L'Horloge, written for American soprano Renée Fleming. So far, it consists of three pieces on two poems by Jean Tardieu and one by Robert Desnos. It received its première at the Saito Kinen Festival (Japan) in September 2007. Its American première was on November 29, 2007 with the Boston Symphony Orchestra. However, Dutilleux plans to set one more poem by Charles Baudelaire to music to fill out the cycle. Renée Fleming (b. ... Jean Tardieu (born in St Germain de Joux, France November 1, 1903, died in Créteil, France January 27, 1995) was an artist, musician, poet and dramatic author. ... Robert Desnos (July 4, 1900 - June 8, 1945) was a French surrealist poet. ... The Boston Symphony Orchestra is one of the worlds premiere orchestras. ... “Baudelaire” redirects here. ...

As for future projects, Dutilleux has expressed the wish to write more chamber music (notably a second string quartet), a genre he feels he has neglected. Chamber music is a form of classical music, written for a small group of instruments which traditionally could be accommodated in a palace chamber. ...

Links with painters

Henri Dutilleux is the great-grandson of painter Constant Dutilleux. He also had a long friendship with Maurice Boitel, whose exhibitions he has regularly visited. Maurice Boitel in 1980 Maurice Boitel (born July 31, 1919) is a French painter. ...

Works

Orchestral

• Symphony No. 1 (1951)
• Symphony No. 2 Le Double (1959)
• Métaboles (1964)
• Timbres, Espace, Mouvement ou la Nuit Etoilée (1978)
• Mystère de l'Instant (1989)
• Slava's Fanfare for spatial ensemble (1997)

Timbres, espace, mouvement (Pitch, space, movement) is a work for orchestra composed by Henri Dutilleux in 1978. ...

Concertante

• Cello Concerto Tout un Monde Lointain (1970)
• Violin Concerto L'Arbre des Songes (1985)
• Nocturne for violin and orchestra Sur le Même Accord (2002)

Chamber/Instrumental

• Four Test Pieces for the Paris Conservatoire:
  • Sarabande et Cortège for bassoon and piano (1942)
  • Flute Sonatina (1943)
  • Oboe Sonata (1947)
  • Choral, Cadence et Fugato for trombone and piano (1950)
• String Quartet Ainsi la Nuit (1976)
• Trois Strophes sur le Nom de Sacher for solo cello (1976-1982)
• Les Citations for oboe, harpsichord, double bass and percussion (1991)

Piano

• Au Gré des Ondes (1946) (*)
• Piano Sonata (1948)
• Tous les Chemins (1961)
• Bergerie (1963)
• Résonances (1965)
• Figures de Résonances (1970)
• 3 Préludes: D'Ombre et de Silence, Sur un même Accord, Le Jeu des Contraires (1973-1988)

Vocal

• Barque d'Or for soprano and piano (1937) (*)
• Cantata L'Anneau du Roi (1938) (*)
• Quatre Mélodies, for voice and piano (1943) (*)
• La Geôle, for voice and orchestra (1944) (*)
• Deux Sonnets de Jean Cassou, for baritone and piano (1954)
• San Francisco Night, for voice and piano (1963)
• Hommage à Nadia Boulanger, for soprano, 3 violas, clarinet, percussion and zither (1967)
• The Shadows of Time, for 3 children voices and orchestra (1997)
• Correspondances, for soprano and orchestra (2003)
• Le Temps L'Horloge, for soprano and orchestra (2007)

Ballet

• Le Loup (1953)

Arrangements

• Choral, Cadence et Fugato for trombone and symphonic band (1995) (same as the chamber work, orchestrated by Claude Pichaureau)

(*) Dutilleux has disowned most of these works, written before his Piano Sonata.

Awards and Prizes

• Grand Prix de Rome (for his cantata L'Anneau du Roi) - 1938
• Grand Prix National de Musique (for his entire oeuvre) - 1967
• Praemium Imperiale (Japan - for his entire oeuvre) - 1994
• Prix MIDEM Classique de Cannes (for The Shadows of Time) - 1999
• Ernst Von Siemens Musikpreis (for his entire oeuvre) - 2005
• Prix MIDEM Classique de Cannes (for his entire oeuvre) - 2007
• Cardiff University Honorary Fellowship (for his entire oeuvre) - 2008
• Gold Medal of the Royal Philharmonic Society - 2008

The Prix de Rome is a scholarship for students of the arts. ... The Royal Philharmonic Society is a British music society, formed in 1813. ...

References

• Caroline Potter. "Dutilleux, Henri", The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. S. Sadie and J. Tyrrell (London: Macmillan, 2001), vii, 770-772.
• Henri Dutilleux: His Life and Works. Aldershot (UK): Ashgate Publishing Company, 1997.
• Henri Dutilleux, Mystère et Mémoire des Sons - Entretiens avec Claude Glayman, Actes Sud, 1997
• Caroline Rae, Henri Dutilleux and Maurice Ohana: Victims of an Exclusion Zone? Tempo 212 (April 2000): 22-30

Second Edition, shelved The Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians is an encyclopedic dictionary of music and musicians and is regarded as the most authoritative reference source on the subject in the English language. ...

External links

• http://www.composers21.com/compdocs/dutilleuxh.htm
• http://www.sospeso.com/contents/composers_artists/dutilleux.html
• http://www.classicalsource.com/db_control/db_search.php?search=Dutilleux (a series of articles on Dutilleux and CD and concert reviews)
• http://www.schott-music.com/shop/artists/1/5345/
• http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3870/is_200604/ai_n17182563
• http://mac-texier.ircam.fr/textes/c00000032/ (in French)
• http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract;jsessionid=36BAD5189748518FD4D885A4539D8C79.tomcat1?fromPage=online&aid=314505
• http://www.schott-music.com/news/archive/show,1789.html (Dutilleux awarded prestigious RPS Gold Medal - Schott news release)