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Dwarkanath Ganguly (also spelt as Dwarka Nath Gangopadhyay) (20 April 1844 - 27 June 1898) was a Brahmo reformer in Bengal of British India. He contributed substantially towards the enlightenment of society and the emancipation of women.[1] (IPA: [] Bengali: কলকাতা) (formerly ) is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. ...
Kadambini Basu Ganguly (1861-1923) was the one of the first two female graduates of the British Empire and the first female physician of South Asia to be trained in the European system of medicine. ...
April 20 is the 110th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (111th in leap years). ...
1844 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...
June 27 is the 178th day of the year (179th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 187 days remaining. ...
1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ...
Brahmo Samaj is a social and religious movement founded in Kolkata, India in 1828 by Raja Ram Mohan Roy. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Bengal, known as Bôngo (Bengali: বঙà§à¦—), Bangla (বাংলা), Bôngodesh (বঙà§à¦—দেশ), or Bangladesh (বাংলাদেশ) in the Bengali language, is a region in the northeast of South Asia. ...
The British Empire at its zenith in 1919. ...
Early life
Dwarkanath Ganguly was born on the Bengali New Year’s Day, 1st Baisakh (mid-April), 1845 at Magurkhanda village in Bikrampur, now in Bangladesh. At the time of Ganguly's birth, his father, Krishnapran Ganguli lived in Faridpur in connection with some family work. His mother hailed from a rich family. Once she wanted to go on a pilgrimage to Puri. In those days, one had to use boats and elephants for transport. Her parent’s family would have been too happy to support her financially for that but she was too upright a person to accept such support. Instead, she covered the long distance for the pilgrimage on foot.[2] This incident portrays the strong will power of Ganguly's mother. The same would be apparent in his life later. This article needs to be wikified. ...
Baishakh is the first month in the Bangla Calendar used in Bangladesh and parts of India. ...
Bikrampur is a historic region in Bengal, currently in Munshiganj District, Bangladesh. ...
Faridpur is a district in central Bangladesh. ...
Puri can mean: Puri, a city in the Indian state of Orissa, which is famous for the Jagannath temple and the serene beaches located there . ...
He had his early education in his village pathsala (school). Later, when he expressed the desire to learn English he joined the English school in nearby Kalipara in spite of severe physical difficulties. He studied up to the entrance class but failed to clear the examination. He started his teaching career and worked at three places — Sonarang in Bikrampur, Olpur in Faridpur and in the minor school at Lonsingh.[3] The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...
Achievements
Change in the course of life During Ganguly's school days he was strongly influenced by Akshay Kumar Datta's Dharma Niti (Religious principles). He was aroused about the plight of the Bengali woman, and was influenced by Dutt’s main thesis that "the first vital step to social regeneration is liberating woman from her bondage." [4] Akshay Kumar Datta (also spelt Akshay Kumar Dutta) (15 July 1820 - 18 May 1886) was born in Chupi in Bardhaman. ...
When he was 17 years old, he heard that the relatives of an unfortunate girl who had strayed from her course killed the girl by poisoning her. On enquiry, he came know that it was not uncommon to kill girls in such a manner in kulin (orthodox upper caste) Brahmin families. He was so shocked that he vowed not to go in for polygamous marriage, a system in vogue in orthodox upper caste society in those days.[5] This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...
A Brahmin (anglicised from the Sanskrit word IAST ; Devanagari ), also known as Vipra, Dvija, Dvijottama (best of the Dvijas), (god on Earth) is a member of an upper caste within Hindu society. ...
The term polygamy (literally many marriages in late Greek) is used in related ways in social anthropology and sociobiology and sociology. ...
While he was still working at Lonsingh, he started publishing a weekly magazine named Abalabandhab (Friend of Women) from Dhaka. Amongst those who supported him was Pran Kumar Das, son of Abhaya Kumar Das, a well-known deputy magistrate and a leading member of Dhaka Brahmo Samaj, earlier founded by Braja Sundar Mitra.[6] Dhaka (previously Dacca; Bangla: ঢাকা Ähaka; IPA: ) is the capital of Bangladesh and the Dhaka District. ...
The noted American historian David Kopf[7] writes, “This journal, which is probably first in the world devoted solely to the “liberation of women,” represented clearly what we have described elsewhere as the compassion for the Bengali woman as proletariat. Ganguli played the role of a humanitarian muckraking journalist bringing to light concrete cases of exploitation and extreme suffering of women, as for example, the sensation he created when he featured the story of one East Bengal village where ‘in a single year thirty-three kulin women committed suicide or were murdered.’ According to Ganguli every one of them was the victim of premarital or extramarital conception as a result of rape or seduction.”[8] The Bengali people are the ethnic community from Bengal (divided between India and Bangladesh) in Indian subcontinent with a history going back more than two millennia. ...
The proletariat (from Latin proles, offspring) is a term used to identify a lower social class; a member of such a class is proletarian. ...
Activities in Kolkata Sivanath Sastri says, "We were wonderstruck on reading Abalabandhab. Who was the person who was expressing such liberal opinion about the education and development of women from a far away village? In the course of time, Ganguli-brother came to Calcutta to meet the contributors from the city to his magazine. We met our hero. At a gathering of friends, they decided to shift Abalabandhab to Kolkata. Accordingly in 1870, Ganguly came to Kolkata with Abalabandhab." Life became difficult for Dwarkanath. He lacked the support base he had at Dhaka.[9] Sivanath Sastri (as spelt by himself, but also spelt as Shibnath Shastri, Shib Nath Shastri, Shibanath Shastri, Shivanath Shastri) (Bengali: )(1847-1919) was a scholar, religious reformer, educator, writer and historian. ...
(IPA: [] Bengali: কলকাতা) (formerly ) is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. ...
Apart from Abalabandhab, Dwarkanath raised a storm within the Brahmo Samaj regarding the issue of women sitting behind the screen during prayer meetings. With his strong reformist views, he was obviously opposed to many of the conservative ideas not only in society but even in the Brahmo Samaj. That was the beginning of the split in the Brahmo Samaj of India, which ultimately led to the formation of the Sadharan Brahmo Samaj in 1878. Ganguly served several terms as secretary of Sadharan Brahmo Samaj.[10] Brahmo Samaj is a social and religious movement founded in Kolkata, India in 1828 by Raja Ram Mohan Roy. ...
When a Unitarian English lady Annette Akroyd[11] started the Hindu Mahila Vidyalaya in 1873, Dwarkanath served that boarding school as headmaster, teacher, dietician, guard, and maintenance man. After school hours, he used to sweep the premises on his own. The school was later renamed Bangiya Mahila Vidyalaya and was subsequently merged with Bethune School. [12] In this activity, he was assisted by Sivanath Sastri, Durga Mohan Das, Ananda Mohan Bose, Annadacharan Khastagir, and others.[13] Unitarian Christianity (not to be confused with the Unity Church) is a form of Christianity that promotes the teachings and example of Jesus Christ, as found in the New Testament. ...
Sivanath Sastri (as spelt by himself, but also spelt as Shibnath Shastri, Shib Nath Shastri, Shibanath Shastri, Shivanath Shastri) (Bengali: )(1847-1919) was a scholar, religious reformer, educator, writer and historian. ...
Durgamohan Das (Bengali: ) (1841-1897) was a Brahmo Samaj leader and a social reformer with notable contribution in the field of widow remarriage and women’s emancipation. ...
In 1876-77, Ganguly concentrated on the wretched conditions of the workers in the tea gardens of Assam. He published a series of articles on the Slave Trade of Assam in K.K.Mitra’s nationalist newspaper Sanjivani. Later, he even took the matter to the forums of the Indian National Congress.[14] Japanese Tea Garden in Golden Gate Park A tea garden was a place to drink tea and stroll around lawns, ponds and view statues. ...
Assam (Assamese: অসম Ôxôm) is a northeastern state of India with its capital at Dispur - now a part of Guwahati. ...
--207. ...
Marriage and children A number of years after the death of his first wife, he married, in 1883,[15] Kadambini Bose, one of the first woman graduates in the British Empire.[16] Dwarkanath fought for her admission into Calcutta Medical College and secured it. Kadambini later became the first Indian woman doctor.[17] Kadambini Basu Ganguly (1861-1923) was the one of the first two female graduates of the British Empire and the first female physician of South Asia to be trained in the European system of medicine. ...
The British Empire in 1897, marked in pink, the traditional colour for Imperial British dominions on maps. ...
Calcutta Medical College aka Medical College Calcutta was established in 1835 as Medical College, Bengal. ...
In 1891, the orthodox Hindu journal Bangabasi lashed out at Kadambini Ganguly as a despised symbol of modern Brahmo womanhood and accused her, then a mother of five children, of being a whore. Immediately, Sivanath Sastri, Nilratan Sircar and Dwarkanath Ganguly, instituted legal action against the journal and its editor, who was subsequently sentenced to six months’ imprisonment and made to pay a fine of one hundred rupees.[18] Hinduism (Sanskrit: , , also known as , ) is a religion that originated on the Indian subcontinent. ...
They had eight children. Amongst them Jyotirmoyee was a noted freedom fighter and Prabhat Chandra was a journalist.[19] His eldest daughter from his first marriage, Bidhumukhi, was married to Upendra Kishor Ray Chaudhuri.[20] Upendrokishore Ray (Bangla:উপেনà§à¦¦à§à¦°à¦•à¦¿à¦¶à§‹à¦° রায়), also known as Upendrokishore Raychowdhury (উপেনà§à¦¦à§à¦°à¦•à¦¿à¦¶à§‹à¦° রায়চৌধà§à¦°à§€) was a famous Bengali writer, painter, violin player and composer. ...
Ganguly died on 27 June 1898.[21] June 27 is the 178th day of the year (179th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 187 days remaining. ...
1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ...
Works Bir Nari (play), Kobigantha, Nababarshiki, Jibanalekhya, Suruchir Kutir (Novel), Jatiya Sangeet (compilation), Saral Patiganit (text book), Bhugol (text book), Sasthyatattwa (text book).[22]
References - Sastri, Sivanath (1903/2001), Ramtanu Lahiri O Tatkalin Banga Samaj (in Bengali), New Age Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
- Kopf, David (1979), The Brahmo Samaj and the Shaping of the Modern Indian Mind, Princeton Univ Pr, ISBN 0691031258
- Sengupta, Subodh Chandra and Bose, Anjali (editors), (1976/1998), Sansad Bangali Charitabhidhan (Biographical dictionary) in Bengali, p 222, ISBN 8185626650
Notes - ^ Sastri, Sivanath, p198.
- ^ Sastri, Sivanath, pp198-199.
- ^ Sastri, Sivanath, pp 198-199.
- ^ Kopf , p 123.
- ^ Sastri, Sivanath, p 199.
- ^ Sastri, Sivanath, pp 152, 199.
- ^ David Kopf
- ^ Kopf', page 123.
- ^ Sivanath Sastri, pp 199-200.
- ^ Sivanath Sastri, p 200 and Kopf', pp 124-125.
- ^ Banglapaedia biography of Annette Akroyd
- ^ Sastri, Sivanath, p 200 and Kopf', pp 124-125.
- ^ Sengupta, Subodh Chandra and Bose, Anjali, p222.
- ^ Sastri, Sivanath, pp 200-201 and Kopf', pp 124-125.
- ^ Sengupta, Subodh Chandra and Bose, Anjali, p79.
- ^ In 1883, she and Chandramukhi Basu became the first graduates from Bethune College, and in the process became the first female graduates in the country and in the entire British Empire. Sengupta, Subodh Chandra and Bose, Anjali, p 79.
- ^ Kopf', page 125.
- ^ Kopf', page 126.
- ^ Sengupta, Subodh Chandra and Bose, Anjali, p80.
- ^ Sengupta, Subodh Chandra and Bose, Anjali, p67.
- ^ Sengupta, Subodh Chandra and Bose, Anjali, p222.
- ^ Sengupta, Subodh Chandra and Bose, Anjali, p222.
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