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Dyneema or Spectra is a synthetic fiber based on ultra high molecular weight polyethylene which is 15 times stronger than steel and up to 40% stronger than Kevlar. It is usually used in bulletproof vests, bow strings, climbing equipment, fishing line and high performance sails in yachting. Dyneema was invented by DSM in 1979. It has been in commercial production since 1990 at a plant in Heerlen, the Netherlands. In the Far East, DSM has a cooperation agreement with Toyobo Co. for commercial production in Japan. In the United States, DSM has granted a license to Honeywell, which had developed a chemically identical product on its own. The Honeywell product is sold under the brand name Spectra. Though the production details will undoubtedly be different, the resulting materials are comparable. This article refers to both materials by the name Dyneema. Dyneema is a registered trademark of Royal DSM N.V. (The Netherlands). Synthetic fibers are the result of an extensive search by scientists to increase and improve upon the supply of naturally occurring animal and plant fibers that have been used in making cloth. ...
Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), also known as high modulus polyethylene (HMPE) or high performance polyethylene (HPPE), is a thermoplastic made from oil. ...
Kevlar is DuPont Companys brand name for a particular light but very strong aramid fibre. ...
Bullet resistant vest A bullet-resistant vest (body armor) - is an article of protective clothing that works as a form of armour to minimize injury from projectiles fired from handguns, shotguns and rifles . ...
A bow is a weapon that shoots arrows powered by the elasticity of the bow. ...
Fishing line is any cord made for fishing. ...
A sail is any type of surface intended to generate thrust by being placed in a wind —in essence a vertically-oriented wing. ...
Yachting is a noncommercial boating activity. ...
DSM (in full Koninklijke DSM N.V., or Royal DSM N.V.) is a multinational chemicals company. ...
This page refers to the year 1979. ...
This article is about the year. ...
Heerlen is a municipality and a town in the southeastern Netherlands and the second biggest city in the province of Limburg. ...
East Asia is a subregion of Asia that can be defined in either geographical or cultural terms. ...
Honeywell (NYSE: HON) is a major American multinational corporation that produces electronic control systems and automation equipment. ...
Chemistry and properties
For details, see the properties section of Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene. Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), also known as high modulus polyethylene (HMPE) or high performance polyethylene (HPPE), is a thermoplastic made from oil. ...
Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), also known as high modulus polyethylene (HMPE) or high performance polyethylene (HPPE), is a thermoplastic made from oil. ...
Dyneema fibers derive their strength from the extreme length of each individual molecule. The fibre can attain a parallel orientation greater than 95% and a level of crystallinity of up to 85%. In contrast, Kevlar derives its strength from strong bonding between relatively short molecules. Crystallinity is the degree of structural order in a solid, often represented by a fraction or percentage. ...
Kevlar is DuPont Companys brand name for a particular light but very strong aramid fibre. ...
Its melting point is around 144 or 152 degrees Celsius, and according to DSM, it is not advisable to use Dyneema at temperatures exceeding 80 to 100 °C for long periods of time. It becomes brittle at temperatures below –150 °C. This contrasts strongly with other high-performance fibers, which tend to be quite heat-resistant. The melting point of a solid is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. ...
A degree Celsius (°C) is a unit of temperature named after the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius (1701-1744), who first proposed a similar system in 1742. ...
A material is brittle if it is subject to fracture when subjected to stress i. ...
The fibers feel slippery, similar to polypropylene and other hydrophobic fibers. Most people do not like the way Dyneema feels; for this reason, it is not often used in fabric. The slipperiness also makes such fibers less suitable for use in fibre reinforced plastics. Polypropylene lid of a Tic Tacs box, with a living hinge and the resin identification code under its flap Polypropylene or polypropene (PP) is a thermoplastic polymer, used in a wide variety of applications, including food packaging, textiles, laboratory equipment, loudspeakers, automotive components, and polymer banknotes. ...
Hydrophobe (from the Greek (hydros) water and (phobos) fear) in chemistry refers to the physical property of a molecule that is repelled by water. ...
Fibre reinforced plastic (FRP) is a composite material comprising a polymer matrix reinforced with fibres usually of glass, carbon, or aramid and is commonly used in aerospace, automotive and marine industries. ...
Another problem, in some applications, is that Dyneema will creep, meaning it will deform when placed under any long term stress. Like other olefins, it is very resistant to water, moisture, most chemicals, UV radiation, and micro-organisms. Creep is the term given to the material deformation that occurs as a result of long term exposure to levels of stress that are below the yield or ultimate strength, often in combination with temperatures near its melting point. ...
A synonym for the more widely accepted term, alkene. ...
Production Dyneema fibers are made using a DSM patented (1979) method called gel spinning. A precisely heated gel of UHMWPE is processed by an extruder through a spinneret. The extrudate is drawn through the air and then cooled in a water bath. The end result is a fiber with a high degree of molecular orientation, and therefore exceptional tensile strength. Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), also known as high modulus polyethylene (HMPE) or high performance polyethylene (HPPE), is a thermoplastic made from oil. ...
Extrusion is a manufacturing process where a billet of material is pushed and/or drawn though a die to create a shaped rod, rail or pipe. ...
A spinneret is a spiders silk spinning organ. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Strength of materials. ...
Applications For body armor, the fibers are generally aligned and bonded into sheets, which are then layered at various angles to give the resulting composite material strength in all directions. ...
Composite materials (or composites for short) are engineered materials made from two or more constituent materials with significantly different physical or chemical properties and which remain separate and distinct within the finished structure. ...
Both Spectra and Dyneema excel as fishing line as they have less stretch, are more abrasion resistant, and are thinner than traditional monofilament line. Fishing line is any cord made for fishing. ...
Abrasion on the palm of a right hand, shortly after falling Abrasions on elbow and lower arm, still healing. ...
Monofilament lines have been around for years and are commonly used as fishing lines. ...
In recent years certain items of climbing equipment have started making use of Dyneema. In particular "slings", sewn loops of material that can be wrapped around sections of rock, hitched (tied) to other pieces of equipment or even tied directly to a tensioned line using a special prussik knot, have benefited from this material. It has limited applications however as items made from this material do not stretch and therefore a fall on them involves considerable shock loading of the other pieces of equipment and the climber's body. They are however much lighter and finer than the alternatives (nylon) and therefore are very popular. Usually sold in lengths of 10, 30, 60, 120, or 400 cm at either 8, 10 or 12 mm width, these slings have a breaking strength of around 22 kN. Climbers on Valkyrie at the Roaches. ...
A sling is an item of climbing equipment consisting of a tied or sown loop of webbing that can be wrapped around sections of rock, hitched (tied) to other pieces of equipment or even tied directly to a tensioned line using a special prussik knot, for anchor extension or equalisation. ...
A hitch is a knot tied in a rope and used to secure that rope to a rigid object. ...
It has been suggested that Prusik knot be merged into this article or section. ...
Nylon represents a family of synthetic polymers, a thermoplastic material, first produced on 28 February, 1935 by Dr. Wallace Carothers and his research group at DuPont. ...
The kilonewton, symbol kN, is an SI unit of force. ...
High-performance ropes for sailing and parasailing are made of Dyneema as well. Sailing at sunset Wooden sailing boat Sailing is the skillful art of controlling the motion of a sailing ship or smaller boat, across a body of water. ...
Parasailing, also known as parascending, is a recreational activity where a person (two people may also ride at the same time) is towed behind a vehicle (usually a boat) while attached to a parachute. ...
Recently developed additions to the US Military's Interceptor body armor, designed to offer arm and leg protection, are said to utilize a form of Spectra or Dyneema fabric. This article or section needs to be updated. ...
It is also used in snowboards, often in combination with carbon fiber, reinforcing the fiberglass composite material, adding stiffness and improving its flex characteristics. Carbon fiber composite is a strong, light and very expensive material. ...
Bundle of fiberglass Fiberglass or fibreglass is material made from extremely fine fibers of glass. ...
Composite materials (or composites for short) are engineered materials made from two or more constituent materials with significantly different physical or chemical properties and which remain separate and distinct within the finished structure. ...
Dyneema is the preferred material for sport kite lines for two main reasons. First the low stretch means that control inputs to the kite are transferred quickly and secondly the low friction allows the kite to remain controllable up to about ten twists in the line. Delta style sport kite on the ground, ready to be launched. ...
See also A synonym for the more widely accepted term, alkene. ...
Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), also known as high modulus polyethylene (HMPE) or high performance polyethylene (HPPE), is a thermoplastic made from oil. ...
Kevlar is DuPont Companys brand name for a particular light but very strong aramid fibre. ...
Synthetic fibers are the result of an extensive search by scientists to increase and improve upon the supply of naturally occurring animal and plant fibers that have been used in making cloth. ...
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