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Encyclopedia > E.E. Cummings

Edward Estlin Cummings (October 14, 1894 - September 3, 1962) was an American poet and writer.


His first book of poetry came from his 1922 manuscript, Tulips & Chimneys. However, he was writing poetry as early as 1904 (age 10). His poetry is a complete rejection of formal poetry — traditional stanzas consisting of metered lines are rare for Cummings. Cummings' work typifies the style of poetry called free verse. His signature style is best summarized as all-lowercase words or parts of words scattered across the page, often making little sense until read aloud—at which point the beauty and strength of his genius becomes clear. His talent extends to children's books, novels, and painting as well. A notable example of his versatility is an introduction he wrote for a collection of his favorite comic strip, Krazy Kat.


Cummings attended Harvard University.


His name is frequently written in lowercase, e.e. cummings, as the lowercase form was a concept for a cover design by one of his publishers. Cummings himself capitalized his name however.


Below is a list of his published books:

  • Eight Harvard Poets (1917)
  • The Enormous Room (1922), a novel based on his war experiences.
  • Tulips and Chimneys (1923)
  • &, (1925)
  • XLI Poems (1925)
  • Is 5 (1926)
  • Him (1927)
  • {No Title} (1930)
  • CIOPW (1931)
  • ViVa? (1931)
  • Eimi (1933)
  • No Thanks (1935)
  • Tom (1935)
  • Collected Poems (1938)
  • 50 Poems (1940)
  • 1 x 1 (1944)
  • Santa Claus (1946)
  • Xaipe (1950)
  • I: six nonlectures (1953)
  • Poems 1923-1954 (1954)
  • 95 Poems (1958)
  • 73 Poems (1963)

External links

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