The EDSA Revolution of 2001, also called by the local media as EDSA II (pronounced as Edsa dos) or the Second People Power Revolution, is the common name of the four-day popular revolution that peacefully overthrew Philippine President Joseph Estrada in January 2001. He was succeeded by his then vice president Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo. The Popular Movement (French: Mouvement Populaire) is a liberal conservative party in Morocco. ... The storming of the Bastille, 14 July 1789 during the French Revolution. ... The President of the Philippines is the head of state and government of the Republic of the Philippines. ... Joseph Ejercito Estrada (born José Marcelo Ejército on April 19, 1937) widely known as Erap is a popular film actor in the Philippines and was the 13th President of the Philippines from June 30, 1998 to January 20, 2001. ... 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The young Gloria Macapagal (far right) and her family; when this picture was taken, her father Diosdado was the President of the Philippines. ...

EDSA is an acronym derived from Epifanio de los Santos Avenue, the major highway that encircles Metro Manila. The revolt took place in the business district of Ortigas Center. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Backronym and Apronym (Discuss) Acronyms and initialisms are abbreviations, such as NATO, laser, and ABC, written as the initial letter or letters of words, and pronounced on the basis of this abbreviated written form. ... Epifanio de los Santos Avenue, abbreviated EDSA, is the main highway in Metro Manila, Philippines. ... Highway in Pennsylvania, USA The Pan-American Highway, in the Peruvian town of Máncora, where it serves as the main street. ... For the article on the capital city of the Philippines, see Manila. ... Downtown Honolulu in United States, an example of an urban downtown district Central business district, (CBD used in Australia, New Zealand and sometimes elsewhere), or downtown (used mainly in North America) are terms referring to the commercial heart of a city. ... Ortigas Center is the second most important commercial and business district in Metro Manila, Philippines. ...

Timeline of Events

Background

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The EDSA II revolution is depicted on the 200-peso bill.

On January 17, 2001, the impeachment trial of President Estrada moved to the investigation of an envelope containing crucial evidence that would allegedly prove acts of political corruption by Estrada. Senators allied with Estrada moved to block the evidence. The conflict between the senators, judges, and the prosecution became deeper, but Senator Francisco Tatad requested to the Impeachment court to make a vote for opening the second envelope. The vote resulted in 10 senators in favor of examining the evidence, and 11 senators in favor of suppressing it. The list of senators who voted for the second envelope are as follows: Image File history File links Unbalanced_scales. ... Back side of the 200-Philippine peso bill. ... Back side of the 200-Philippine peso bill. ... Philippine peso bills are issued by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (Central Bank of the Philippines) for circulation in the Philippines. ... January 17 is the 17th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Depiction of the impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson, then President of the United States, in 1868. ... Look up trial in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Evidence has several meanings as indicated below. ... World map of the Corruption Perceptions Index, which measures the degree to which corruption is perceived to exist among public officials and politicians. Blue colors indicate little corruption, red colors indicate much corruption In broad terms, political corruption is the misuse by government officials of their governmental powers for illegitimate... The Senate of the Philippines is the upper chamber of the bicameral legislature of the Philippines, the Congress of the Philippines. ... Criminal law (also known as penal law) is the body of law that regulates governmental sanctions (such as imprisonment and/or fines) as retaliation for crimes against the social order. ...

After the vote, Aquilino Pimentel, Jr. resigned as Senate President and walked out of the impeachment proceedings together with the 9 opposition Senators and 11 prosecutors in the Estrada impeachment trial. The 11 administration senators who voted YES to block the opening of the second envelope remained in Senate Session Hall. They were chanted with "Jose's Cohort" where their surnames were arranged. Category: ... Franklin Drilon Franklin M. Drilon is the current Senate President and third highest ranking official of the Philippines. ... Juan Flavier is a politician from the Philippines. ... Teofisto Guingona, Jr. ... Loren Legarda (born January 28, 1960) is a Filipino broadcast journalist and politician. ... Ramon Magsaysay Jr. ... Sergio Serge de la Rama Osmeña III is a Senator of the Republic of the Philippines. ... Media:Example. ... Raul Sagarbarria Roco (26 October 1941 – 5 August 2005) was a political figure in the Philippines. ... Robert “Sonny” Jaworski (born March 8, 1946 in Baguio, Cordillera Administrative Region) is a former Philippine senator and PBA basketball player. ... Blas F. Ople (February 3, 1927 – December 14, 2003) was a Filipino political figure. ... Vicente C. Tito Sotto III (born August 24, 1948) is a former senator in the Philippines Congress. ... Juan Ponce Enrile (born February 14, 1924) is a political figure in the Philippines. ... // Miriam Defensor Santiago became globally famous with her courageous and brilliant crusade against corruption in the Philippines. ... Gregorio Ballesteros Gringo Honasan (born Baguio City, 14 March 1948) was a senator of the Philippines, elected in 1995 and reelected in 2001, until his term ended in 2004. ... Tatad. ... Media:Example. ...

Day 1: January 17, 2001

All 11 prosecutors in the Estrada impeachment trial resigned, following an 11-10 vote by the Senate the previous day to block a key piece of evidence. Sen. Tessie Aquino-Oreta, one of the three female senators who voted for "NO" (no for opening of the envelope), was seen on nationwide television and most people had the impression that she was dancing joyfully as the opposition walked out. This further fueled the growing anti-ERAP sentiments of the crowd gathered at EDSA Shrine, and she became the most vilified and accursed of the 11 senators. She was labeled a "prostitute" and a "concubine" of ERAP for her dancing act. Sen. Defensor-Santiago was also ridiculed, as the crowd tagged her as a "lunatic" (it came from her reputation of being overly intelligent). January 17 is the 17th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The EDSA Shrine (official name: Our Lady of Peace Quasi-Parish) is a small church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Manila located at the intersection of Ortigas Avenue and Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA) in Quezon City. ...

Day 2: January 18, 2001

The crowd continues to grow, bolstered by students from private schools and left-wing organizations. January 18 is the 18th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Day 3: January 19, 2001

The Philippine National Police and the Armed Forces of the Philippines withdraw their support for Estrada, joining the crowds at the EDSA Shrine. January 19 is the 19th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The PNP seal The Philippine National Police is the national police force of the Republic of the Philippines. ... Seal of the Philippine Army Seal of the Philippine Navy Seal of the Philippine Air Force Seal of the Philippine Marine Corps The Armed Forces of the Philippines or AFP (Filipino: Sandatahang Lakas ng Pilipinas) originated in the establishment of the Philippine Scouts in 1901. ...

At 5:00pm, Estrada appears on television for the first time since the beginning of the protests and maintains that he will not resign. He says he wants the impeachment trial to continue, stressing that only a guilty verdict will remove him from office.

At 6:15pm, Estrada again appears on television, calling for a snap presidential election to be held concurrently with congressional and local elections on May 14, 2001. He adds that he will not run in this election. May 14 is the 134th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (135th in leap years). ... 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Hundreds of thousands of protesters choke a major Manila intersection calling for the resignation of President Joseph Estrada.

Image File history File links EDSA_2. ... Image File history File links EDSA_2. ... The City of Manila (Filipino: Lungsod ng Maynila), or simply Manila, is the capital of the Philippines and one of the municipalities that comprise Metro Manila. ... Joseph Ejercito Estrada (born José Marcelo Ejército on April 19, 1937) widely known as Erap is a popular film actor in the Philippines and was the 13th President of the Philippines from June 30, 1998 to January 20, 2001. ...

Day 4: January 20, 2001

At noon, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo takes her oath of office in the presence of the crowd at EDSA, becoming the 14th president of the Philippines. January 20 is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

At 2:00 pm, Estrada releases a letter saying he had "strong and serious doubts about the legality and constitutionality of her proclamation as president", but saying he would give up his office to avoid being an obstacle to healing the nation.

Later, Estrada and his family leave Malacañang Palace, smiling and waving to reporters and shaking hands with the remaining members of his Cabinet and other palace employees. He was placed under house arrest and eventually confined to his rest home in Sampaloc, a small village in Tanay, Rizal.

Criticism

The only means of legitimizing the event was the last-minute Supreme Court ruling that "the welfare of the people is the supreme law." But by then, the Armed Forces of the Philippines days ago already withdrew support for the president, which some analysts call unconstitutional and most foreign political analysts would agree. William Overholt, a Hong Kong-based political economist said that "It is either being called mob rule or mob rule as a cover for a well-planned coup," "But either way, it's not democracy." It should also be noted that opinion was divided during EDSA II about whether Gloria Arroyo as the incumbent Vice-president should be president if Joseph Estrada was ousted; many groups who participated in EDSA II expressly stated that they did not want Arroyo for president either, and some of them would later participate in EDSA III. It must however be noted that the prevailing Constitution of the Philippines calls for the Vice-President of the Philippines, who at the time was Gloria Arroyo, to take the position of the President of the country during events that the current president cannot function in that capacity. During these demonstrations, Joseph Ejercito Estrada clearly was incapacitated, the government stifled, and that was even before the Armed Forces withdrew its support for him as president. 2006 a video showed that Arroyo had prepared the "EDSA" more than a year. Legitimacy is the popular acceptance of a governing regime or law. ... Seal of the Philippine Army Seal of the Philippine Navy Seal of the Philippine Air Force Seal of the Philippine Marine Corps The Armed Forces of the Philippines or AFP (Filipino: Sandatahang Lakas ng Pilipinas) originated in the establishment of the Philippine Scouts in 1901. ... Ochlocracy (Greek: οχλοκρατια; Latin: ochlocratia) is government by mob or a disorganized mass of people. ... PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (born April 5, 1947), also known by her initials GMA, is the current and 14th President of the Republic of the Philippines. ... Joseph Ejercito Estrada (born José Marcelo Ejército on April 19, 1937) widely known as Erap is a popular film actor in the Philippines and was the 13th President of the Philippines from June 30, 1998 to January 20, 2001. ... EDSA III (pronounced EDSA Tres), as was touted by some members of the Philippine media, was a very large protest rally that was sparked by the arrest in April 2001 of newly deposed President Joseph Estrada of the Philippines. ...

International reaction

World reaction to the administration change was mixed. Though foreign nations, including the United States, immediately expressed recognition of the legitimacy of Arroyo's presidency, foreign commentators described the revolt as "a defeat for due process of law", "mob rule" and a "de facto coup". Due process of law is a legal concept that ensures the government will respect all of a persons legal rights instead of just some or most of those legal rights, when the government deprives a person of life, liberty, or property. ...

References

• CNN.com - Arroyo sworn in as president of Philippines - January 21, 2001
• The Story of EDSA II: Why Erap Failed
• The New York Times - Expecting Praise, Filipinos are Criticized for Ouster
• The Success of People Power II and what it really means