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Encyclopedia > EFEO chinese transcription
Chinese language romanization

Chinese language Chinese (written) language (pinyin: zhōngw n) written in Chinese characters The Chinese language (汉语/漢語, 华语/華語, or 中文; Pinyin: H nyǔ, Hu yǔ, or Zhōngw n) is a member of the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. ... In linguistics, romanization (or Latinization, also spelled romanisation or Latinisation) is the representation of a word or language with the Roman (Latin) alphabet, or a system for doing so, where the original word or language uses a different writing system. ... Chinese (written) language (pinyin: zhōngw n) written in Chinese characters The Chinese language (汉语/漢語, 华语/華語, or 中文; Pinyin: H nyǔ, Hu yǔ, or Zhōngw n) is a member of the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. ...


Mandarin Mandarin, or Beifanghua (Chinese: 北方話; Pinyin: Běifānghuà; literally Northern Dialect(s)), or Guanhua (Traditional Chinese: 官話; Simplified Chinese: 官话; Pinyin: Guānhuà; literally official speech) is a category of related Chinese dialects spoken across most of northern and southwestern China. ...


For Standard Mandarin
    Hanyu Pinyin (ISO official)
    EFEO
    Gwoyeu Romatzyh
    Latinxua Sinwenz
    Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II
    Chinese Postal Map Romanization
    Tongyong Pinyin
    Wade-Giles
    Yale
    Legge romanization Standard Mandarin is the official Chinese spoken language used by the Peoples Republic of China, the Republic of China (Taiwan) and Singapore. ... Pinyin is a system of romanization (phonemic notation and transcription to Roman script) for Standard Mandarin, where pin means spell and yin means sound. The most common variant of pinyin in use is called Hanyu Pinyin (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ), also known as scheme of the Chinese phonetic alphabet... Gwoyeu Romatzyh (Simplified Chinese: 国语罗马字; Traditional Chinese: 國語羅馬字; Pinyin: GuóyÇ” LuómÇŽzì), abbreviated GR, is a romanization (formerly used officially in the Republic of China) with complex spelling rules which allow for tonal distinctions (unlike most other Romanizations, which require additional diacritics or numerals). ... Latinxua Sinwenz (拉丁化新文字; also known as Sin Wenz, Latinxua Sinwenz, Zhongguo Latinxua Sin Wenz, Beifangxua Latinxua Sin Wenz or Latinxua) is a little-used romanization system for Mandarin Chinese. ... Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II (國語注音符號第二式), abbreviated MPS II, is a romanization system formerly used in the Republic of China (Taiwan). ... Chinese Postal Map Romanization (Traditional Chinese: 郵政式拼音; Pinyin: Yóuzhèngshì PÄ«nyÄ«n) refers to the system of romanization for Chinese place names which came into use in the late Qing dynasty and was officially sanctioned by the Imperial Postal Joint-Session Conference (帝國郵電聯席會議), which was held in Shanghai in the... Tongyong Pinyin (Chinese: ; pinyin: Tōngyòng pÄ«nyÄ«n; literally Universal/General Usage Sound-combining) is the current official romanization of the Chinese language adopted by the national government (although not all local governments) of the Republic of China (Taiwan) since 2002. ... Wade-Giles, sometimes abbreviated Wade, is a Romanization (phonetic notation and transliteration) system for the Chinese language based on Mandarin. ... The Yale romanizations are four systems created during World War II for use by United States military personnel. ... Legge romanization is a transliteration system for Mandarin Chinese, used by the prolific 19th Century sinologist James Legge. ...

See also:
   General Chinese (Chao Yuenren)
   Cyrillization
   Xiao'erjing
   Zhuyin
   Romanisation in Singapore General Chinese (GC) is a phonetic system invented by Yuen Ren Chao to represent the pronunciations of all major Chinese dialects. ... Cyrillization of Chinese from Pinyin It is known as the Palladiy system and is the official Cyrillization of Chinese language in Russia. ... A Chinese-Arabic-Xiaoerjing dictionary from the early days of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Zhuyin Fuhao (Traditional Chinese: 注音符號; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chu-yin fu-hao), or Symbols for Annotating Sounds, often abbreviated as Zhuyin, or known as Bopomofo (ㄅㄆㄇㄈ) after the first four letters of this Chinese phonemic alphabet (bo po mo fo), is the national phonetic system of the Republic of China (Taiwan... The romanisation of the Chinese language in Singapore is not dictated by a single policy, nor is policy implimentation consistent, as the local Chinese community is composed of a myriad of dialect groups. ...

Cantonese Cantonese (Traditional Chinese: 粵語; Simplified Chinese: 粤语]], Cantonese: Yuet6yue5; Mandarin pinyin: Yuèyǔ, lit. ...


For Standard Cantonese
    Canton
    Hong Kong Government
    Jyutping
    Meyer-Wempe
    Sidney Lau
    S. L. Wong (romanisation)
    Standard Cantonese Pinyin
    Standard Romanization
    Yale Standard Cantonese is a variant, and is generally considered the prestige dialect of Cantonese Chinese. ... Guangdong Romanization refers to the four romanization schemes published by the Guangdong Provincial Education Department in 1960 for transliterating the Standard Cantonese, Teochew, Hakka, and Hainanese spoken varieties of Chinese. ... The Hong Kong Government Cantonese Romanisation (not an official name) is the more or less consistent way for romanising Cantonese proper nouns employed by the Hong Kong Government departments and many non-governmental organisations in Hong Kong. ... Jyutping (sometimes spelled Jyutpin) is a romanization system for Standard Cantonese developed by the Linguistic Society of Hong Kong (LSHK) in 1993. ... The Meyer-Wempe romanisation system was developed by two Catholic missionaries in Hong Kong, Bernhard F. Meyer and Theodore F. Wempe, during the 1920s and 1930s. ... Sidney Lau is a system of romanisation for Standard Cantonese, developed by Sidney Lau for teaching Cantonese. ... Wong Shik Ling (also known as S. L. Wong) published a romanisation scheme accompanying a set of phonetic symbol for Standard Cantonese based on International Phonetics Alphabet (IPA) in the book A Chinese Syllabary Pronounced according to the Dialect of Canton. ... Standard Cantonese Pinyin is a romanization system for Standard Cantonese developed by the Yu Bingzhao (ch. ... Standard Romanization is a romanization system for Standard Cantonese developed by Christian missionaries in South China in 1888. ... The Yale romanizations are four systems created during World War II for use by United States military personnel. ...

Wu
    Long-short (romanization) Wu (吳方言 pinyin wú fāng yán; 吳語 pinyin wú yǔ) is one of the major divisions of the Chinese language. ... Northern Wu Romanization Scheme. ...

Min Nan
For Taiwanese, Xiamen, and related
    Pe̍h-oē-jī
For Hainanese
    Hainanhua Pinyin Fang'an
For Teochew
    Peng'im Mǐn N n (Chinese: 閩南語), also spelt as Minnan or Min-nan; native name B ; literally means Southern Min or Southern Fujian and refers to the local language/dialect of southern Fujian province, China. ... Taiwanese (pe̍h-oÄ“-jÄ«: Tâi-oân-oÄ“ or Tâi-gí; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: TáiyÇ”, Táiwānhuà) is a dialect of Min Nan Chinese spoken by about 70% of Taiwans population. ... View of Ä’-mnÌ‚g from the Xiamen University campus Ä’-mnÌ‚g is a coastal sub-provincial city in southeastern Fujian province, Peoples Republic of China. ... Technical note: Due to technical limitations, some web browsers may not display some special characters in this article. ... Hainanese is a dialect of the Min Nan group spoken in the southern Chinese province of Hainan. ... Guangdong Romanization refers to the four romanization schemes published by the Guangdong Provincial Education Department in 1960 for transliterating the Standard Cantonese, Teochew, Hakka, and Hainanese spoken varieties of Chinese. ... The Teochew dialect (Guangdong romanization: Dio7 Ziu1; Missionary romanization: Tiô-chiu-oē, Chinese:潮州话, Hanyu Pinyin: Cháozhōuhuà, Teochiu or Tiuchiu), is a Chinese language and dialect of Minnan spoken in a region of eastern Guangdong referred to as Chaoshan. ... Guangdong Romanization refers to the four romanization schemes published by the Guangdong Provincial Education Department in 1960 for transliterating the Standard Cantonese, Teochew, Hakka, and Hainanese spoken varieties of Chinese. ...

Min Dong Min Dong Language (or Eastern Min Language, Chinese: 閩東語, SLC: Mỉng Tòyng ngỹ) is the language mainly spoken in the eastern part of Fujian Province (Chinese: 福建, SLC: Huk Kyŏng). ...


For Fuzhou dialect
    Bàng-uâ-cê Because of technical limitations, some web browsers may not display some special characters in this article. ... Because of technical limitations, some web browsers may not display some special characters in this article. ...

Hakka Hakka (Simplified Chinese: 客家话, Traditional Chinese: 客家話, Hakka: Hak-ka-fa/-va, pinyin: Kèjiāhuà) is a Chinese dialect/language spoken predominantly in southern China by the Hakka ethnic group and descendants in diaspora throughout East and Southeast Asia and around the world. ...


For Moiyan dialect
    Kejiahua Pinyin Fang'an
For Siyen dialect
    Phak-fa-s Meixian (梅縣; Hakka: Moi-yen or Moi-yan) is a county in north eastern Guangdong province, Peoples Republic of China. ... Guangdong Romanization refers to the four romanization schemes published by the Guangdong Provincial Education Department in 1960 for transliterating the Standard Cantonese, Teochew, Hakka, and Hainanese spoken varieties of Chinese. ... Hakka (Simplified Chinese: 客家话, Traditional Chinese: 客家話, Hakka: Hak-ka-fa/-va, pinyin: Kèjiāhuà) is a Chinese dialect/language spoken predominantly in southern China by the Hakka ethnic group and descendants in diaspora throughout East and Southeast Asia and around the world. ... Technical note: Due to technical limitations, some web browsers may not display some special characters in this article. ...

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Contents

Importance

In French speaking world, the system of École française d'Extrême-Orient (EFEO) was the most used phonetic transcription of Chinese until the middle of the XXth century. It was created by Séraphin Couvreur of the aforesaid institute in 1902. Meanwhile, it was replaced by hànyǔ pīnyīn. The École française dExtrême-Orient (EFEO) is a French institute dedicated to the study of Asian societies. ...


Background

The transcription of the EFEO did not borrow its phonetics from the national official Mandarin (pǔtōnghuà). It rather was synthesized independently to be a mean of the mandarin dialects, and shows a state of its sounds a little older (as Latinxua Sinwenz and the ancient version of Wade-Giles). Hence, certain words of which pǔtōnghuà phoneme is [ʨ] (pīnyīn: /j/), have been transcribed there either /ts/ or /k/. Standard Mandarin is the official Chinese spoken language used by the Peoples Republic of China, the Republic of China (Taiwan) and Singapore. ...


Table

API EFEO WG Pinyin
p p p b
p' p' p
t t t d
t' t' t
k k k g
k' k' k
ts ts ts z
tsʰ ts' ts' c
tch ch zh
tʂʰ tch' ch' ch
k/ts ch j
tɕʰ k'/ts' ch' q
ɕ s/h hs x
w ou/w w w
j i/y y y
ɤ ö/é o/ê e
ər eul êrh er
eu û i
i e ih i
y u ü ü/u
u ou u u
ən en ên en
ɤŋ eng êng eng
ie ieh ie
iɤʊ ieou/iou iu iu
iɛn ien ien ian
uo ouo o/uo o/uo
uaɪ ouai uai uai
ueɪ ouei ui ui
uan ouan uan uan
uən ouen un un
iue üeh üe/ue
yɛn iuen üan üan/uan
yn iun ün ün/un
yʊŋ ioung iung iong

Hyperlinks

  • Romanizations for chinese
  • UNESCO transcription norms for Chinese


 

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