It was first created in 1097 for Walter Giffard, but became extinct in 1164 with the death of the second earl. It may have been created again in 1164 for Richard de Clare ("Strongbow"), who died without issue in 1176. It was created again in 1377 for Thomas of Woodstock, the youngest son of King Edward III. He was created Duke of Gloucester in 1385. The dukedom was forfeit on his execution in 1397, but the earldom passed to his son, Humphrey, but became extinct on his death two years later. The title was created a fourth time in 1618 for Dame Mary Compton for life only. The title was created for a fifth time in 1617 for George Villiers, 1st Viscount Villiers, who was subsequently created Duke of Buckingham in 1623. All titles became extinct on the death of the second duke in 1687.
Buckingham was a man of considerable industry and some financial ability; but his overbearing manner, his excessive pride, and his extreme proneness to take offence and fitted him for political life.
Mary Elizabeth Nugent, elder daughter of Robert, Viscount Clare, afterwards Earl Nugent.
Nugent Buckingham refuses transmit an address by both houses of the Irish parliament to the Prince of Wales, requesting him to exercise the king’s authority during the king's madness
Buckingham is an ancient borough, and is described as such at the time of the Norman Survey, in which it is said to have had 26 burgesses, all under the protection of foreign lords.
The manor of Boreton or Bourton, a hamlet of Buckingham, was held, with the manor of Buckingham, by the Giffards, and passed with it to the family of Brocas, of whom it is supposed to have been purchased by Ferdinando Poulton, an eminent lawyer, well known as editor of a book of statutes.
The Presbyterians, Unitarians, Quakers, and Methodists, have chapels or meeting-houses at Buckingham.
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