The Earl of Chatham was a peerage given to William Pitt the Elder in 1766, after which he became Lord Privy Seal. In addition he was also created Viscount Pitt which became the main subsidary title for the peerage. Pitt's wife Hester was earlier created Baroness Chatham in 1761, as at that stage her husband wished to remained a member of the House of Commons. Their eldest son John inherited the Earldom and Viscountcy is 1778 and the Barony in 1803. Upon his death all three titles became extinct.
The lines of Chatham's policy were abandoned in other cases besides the imposition of the import duty; his opponents were taken into confidence; and friends, such as Amherst and Shelburne, were dismissed from their posts.
But Chatham could not brook the thought of a step which implied submission to the "natural enemy" whom it had been the main object of his life to humble, and he declaimed for a considerable time, though with sadly diminished vigour, against the motion.
The correspondence of Lord Chatham, in four volumes, was published in 1838–1840; and a volume of his letters to Lord Camelford in 1804.
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