The title Earl of Lauderdale was created in the Peerage of Scotland in 1624. The second Earl was created Duke of Lauderdale, but at the time of his death, the dukedom became extinct, while his earldom passed to his brother. Other titles associated with the earldom are: Viscount of Lauderdale (created 1616), Viscount of Maitland (1624), Lord Maitland of Thirlestane (1590) and Lord Thirlestane and Boulton (1624). All of these titles are in the Peerage of Scotland. The title Viscount of Maitland is used as a courtesy title for the Earl's eldest son and heir.

Lords Maitland (1590)

• John Maitland, 1st Lord Maitland (1545-1595)
• John Maitland, 2nd Lord Maitland (d. 1645) (became Earl of Lauderdale in 1624)

Earls of Lauderdale (1624)

• John Maitland, 1st Earl of Lauderdale (d. 1645)
• John Maitland, 1st Duke of Lauderdale (1616-1682)
• Charles Maitland, 3rd Earl of Lauderdale (d. 1691)
• Richard Maitland, 4th Earl of Lauderdale (d. 1695)
• John Maitland, 5th Earl of Lauderdale (d. 1710)
• Charles Maitland, 6th Earl of Lauderdale (d. 1744)
• James Maitland, 7th Earl of Lauderdale (1718-1789)
• James Maitland, 8th Earl of Lauderdale (1759-1839)
• James Maitland, 9th Earl of Lauderdale (1784-1860)
• Anthony Maitland, 10th Earl of Lauderdale (1785-1863)
• Thomas Maitland, 11th Earl of Lauderdale (1803-1878)
• Charles Maitland, 12th Earl of Lauderdale (1822-1884)
• Frederick Henry Maitland, 13th Earl of Lauderdale (1840-1924)
• Frederick Colin Maitland, 14th Earl of Lauderdale (1868-1931)
• Ian Colin Maitland, 15th Earl of Lauderdale (1891-1953)
• Alfred Sydney Frederick Maitland, 16th Earl of Lauderdale (1904-1968)
• Patrick Francis Lauderdale, 17th Earl of Lauderdale (b. 1911)