The Arnolfini Portrait by Jan van Eyck, National Gallery, London.

Early Netherlandish painting^[1] is a term art historians use to designate the work of a group of painters who were active primarily in the Low Countries in the 15th and early 16th centuries, approximately the period starting with Van Eyck and ending with Gerard David.They embodied at the same time the culmination of the Middle Ages and the transition to Renaissance. The Arnolfini portrait by Jan van Eyck. ... For 15th century Dutch and Flemish painting, see Early Netherlandish painting. ... Johannes Vermeer Milkmaid 1658-1660 The Dutch Golden Age was a period in Dutch history, roughly spanning the 17th century, in which Dutch trade, science, and art were among the most acclaimed in the world. ... This is a list of painters who were born and/or were primarily active in the Netherlands. ... This is an incomplete list of Flemish painters, with place and date of birth and death and painting style. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2024x2777, 366 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Renaissance Jan van Eyck Early Renaissance painting Early Netherlandish painting The Arnolfini portrait Giovanni Arnolfini Wikipedia:List of... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2024x2777, 366 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Renaissance Jan van Eyck Early Renaissance painting Early Netherlandish painting The Arnolfini portrait Giovanni Arnolfini Wikipedia:List of... The Arnolfini Portrait, The Arnolfini Wedding, The Arnolfini Marriage or the Portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and his Wife (or various other titles) is a 1434 painting in oil on oak panel by the Early Netherlandish painter Jan van Eyck. ... Portrait of a Man in a Turban (actually a chaperon), probably a self-portrait, painted 1433 Jan van Eyck or Johannes de Eyck (c. ... Londons National Gallery, founded in 1824, its elegant dome and graceful colonnades,dominating the north side of Trafalgar Square, houses a rich collection of over 2,300 paintings from 1250 to 1900. ... For building painting, see painter and decorator. ... The Low Countries, the historical region of de Nederlanden, are the countries (see Country) on low-lying land around the delta of the Rhine, Scheldt, and Meuse (Maas) rivers. ... (14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ... (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ... Van Eyck is the name of a family of Flemish painters. ... Annunciation from 1506, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York Gerard David (c. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... The Renaissance (French for rebirth, or Rinascimento in Italian), was a cultural movement in Italy (and in Europe in general) that began in the late Middle Ages, and spanned roughly the 14th through the 17th century. ...

The period corresponds to the Italian Renaissance, but the style is generally not seen as a part of the Renaissance^[2]. The art is usually categorized as Early Renaissance or Late Gothic painting. The Italian Renaissance began the opening phase of the Renaissance, a period of great cultural change and achievement in Europe that spanned the period from the end of the 14th century to about 1600, marking the transition between Medieval and Early Modern Europe. ... Portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and Wife by Jan van Eyck (1434). ... International Gothic is a subset of Gothic art developed in Burgundy, Bohemia and northern Italy in the late 1300s and early 1400s. ...

Designation

"The Ghent Altarpiece: The Adoration of the Lamb" shows how important medieval elements still are.

There is no consensus regarding the name given to this group. The painting is also called "Late Gothic", emphasizing the continuity with the Middle Ages^[2]. In some languages (for example Dutch and Spanish) the 15th century painters are known as the Flemish Primitives, not at all because their art would have lacked sophistication, but because they were at the origin of a whole new tradition in painting with the use of oil paint, instead of tempera. This term used to be common in English until about the end of the nineteenth century, and is falling into disuse in all languages^{[citation needed]}. Hubert van Eyck, The Ghent Altarpiece “The Adoration of the Lamb”, painted 1432. ... Hubert van Eyck, The Ghent Altarpiece “The Adoration of the Lamb”, painted 1432. ... Opened view of the polyptych Closed view The Ghent Altarpiece or Adoration of the Mystic Lamb (Dutch: Het Lam Gods or The Lamb of God) (completed 1432) is a very large and complex polyptych panel painting which used to be in the Joost Vijdt chapel at Saint Bavo Cathedral, Ghent... View of Delft in oil paint, by Johannes Vermeer. ... A 1367 tempera on wood by Niccolò Semitecolo. ...

During the 15th to mid 16th centuries, Flanders (currently in Belgium), and parts of today's Netherlands were under the domain, respectively, of the Dukes of Burgundy and the Hapsburg dynasty. Thus, in this period, Flemish and Netherlandish are often used interchangeably. Many of the painters were not Flemish but came to work in the flourishing cities of Bruges and Ghent, which were centers of international banking and trade. This article deals with the historical county of Flanders, for present-day Flanders see Flanders The geographical region and former county of Flanders contains not only the two Belgian provinces but also the present-day French département of Nord, in parts of which there is still a Flemish-speaking... In the history of the Low Countries, the Burgundian Netherlands refers to the period when the dukes of Burgundy ruled the area, as well as Luxembourg and northern France from 1384 to 1477. ... Flag of the Seventeen Provinces The Seventeen Provinces were a personal union of states in the Low Countries in the 15th century and 16th century, roughly covering the current Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, a good part of the North of France (Artois, Nord) and a small part of the West of... Geography Country Belgium Community Flemish Community Region Flemish Region Province West Flanders Arrondissement Bruges Coordinates , , Area 138. ... Geography Country Belgium Community Flemish Community Region Flemish Region Province East Flanders Arrondissement Ghent Coordinates , , Area 156. ...

A clear difference with the Italian Renaissance is the importance of religious symbolism. Man is not put in the center of the Universe. Signs of the new age are visible, however. Artists begin to sign their works and become stars instead of craftsmen. Wealthy merchants order paintings for the glory of God, but also request portraits. The Italian Renaissance began the opening phase of the Renaissance, a period of great cultural change and achievement in Europe that spanned the period from the end of the 14th century to about 1600, marking the transition between Medieval and Early Modern Europe. ...

Relation to the Italian Renaissance

The new style emerged in Flanders almost simultaneously with the beginning of the Italian Renaissance. The masters were very much admired in Italy, and may have had a bigger influence in Italy then the other way around. Renaissance did not have a big influence in the north until 1500. However, while in Italy we see radical changes in architecture, sculpture and philosophy as well, the revolution in Flanders is restricted to painting^[2]. For painting in the period after 1500 and before the Dutch Revolt, see Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painting Combatants Dutch rebels Spanish Empire The Dutch Revolt, or Eighty Years War (1568[1]–1648), was the revolt of the Seventeen Provinces in the Netherlands against the Spanish (Habsburg) Empire. ... For 15th century Dutch and Flemish painting, see Early Netherlandish painting. ...

List of Painters

• Dirk Bouts (c. 1400/1415-1475)
• Hieronymus Bosch (c.1450 - 1516) - a contemporary of the Early Netherlandish school, whose style was radically different and unique.
• Robert Campin, also called Master of Flemalle (1378–1444)
• Petrus Christus (c.1410/1420-1475/1476)
• Jacques Daret (c.1404-1470)
• Gerard David (c.1455-1523)
• Barthélemy d'Eyck (c.1420-1470)
• Hubert van Eyck (c.1366–1426)
• Jan van Eyck (c.1385–1441)
• Juan de Flandes (c.1460-c.1519) - born in Flanders, active in Spain
• Hugo van der Goes (1440-1482)
• Jan Joest van Calcar (c.1450 - 1519)
• Joos van Wassenhove also called Justus of Ghent (c.1410-1480)
• Limbourg Brothers (1385-1416)
• Master of the Legend of Saint Lucy (1480-1510)
• Master of the Embroidered Foliage (active ca. 1480-1510)
• Simon Marmion (c.1425-1489)
• Hans Memling (c.1430-1494)
• Master of Moulins (active 1480-1500) - sometimes identified as Jean Hey
• Albert van Ouwater (1444-1515)
• Geertgen tot Sint Jans (c.1460–1490)
• Rogier van der Weyden (c.1400-1464)

Dieric Bouts, also spelled Dirk, Dierick and Dirck (ca 1400/1420 d. ... Events Henry IV quells baron rebellion and executes The Earls of Kent, Huntingdon and Salisbury for their attempt to have Richard II of England restored as King Jean Froissart writes the Chronicles Medici family becomes powerful in Florence, Italy Births December 25 - John Sutton, 1st Baron Dudley, Lord Lieutenant of... Events Friedrich I Hohenzollern (b. ... 5^{Superscript text}7<!-- Comment --><blockquote> Block quote </blockquote>{| class=class=wikitable |- ! header 1 ! header 2 ! header 3 |-{| class=wikitable |- ! header 1 ! header 2 ! header 3{| class=wikitable |- ! header 1 ! header 2 ! header 3 |- | row 1, cell 1 | row 1, cell 2 | row 1, cell 3 |- | row 2... Hieronymus Bosch, (latinized; also Jeroen Bosch or his real name Jeroen van Aken) (c. ... // March - French troops under Guy de Richemont besiege the English commander in France, Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, in Caen. ... // Events March - With the death of Ferdinand II of Aragon, his grandson Charles of Ghent becomes King of Spain as Carlos I. July - Selim I of the Ottoman Empire declares war on the Mameluks and invades Syria. ... A typical painting attributed to Campin Robert Campin (1378&#8211;April 26, 1444) is sometimes considered the first great master of Flemish painting. ... Events March - John Wyclif tried to gain public favour by laying his theses before parliament, and then made them public in a tract. ... Events March 2 - Gjergj Kastriot Skanderbeg proclaimed commander of the Albanian resistance April 16 - Truce of Tours. ... Petrus Christus, born 1410/1420 in Antwerpen, dead 1472 in Bruges, flemish painter, active in Bruges from 1444. ... March 29 - The Aragonese capture Oristano, capital of the giudicato di Arborea in Sardinia July 15 – Battle of Grunwald (also known as Tannenberg or Zalgiris). ... Events May 21 - Treaty of Troyes. ... 5^{Superscript text}7<!-- Comment --><blockquote> Block quote </blockquote>{| class=class=wikitable |- ! header 1 ! header 2 ! header 3 |-{| class=wikitable |- ! header 1 ! header 2 ! header 3{| class=wikitable |- ! header 1 ! header 2 ! header 3 |- | row 1, cell 1 | row 1, cell 2 | row 1, cell 3 |- | row 2... Events March 2 - Battle of Grandson. ... The Visitation, from Altarpiece of the Virgin by Jacques Daret, 1434-1435. ... Events June 14 - Owain Glyndwr of Wales allies with the French against the English and the Henry of Lancaster. ... Events May 15 - Charles VIII of Sweden who had served three terms as King of Sweden dies. ... Annunciation from 1506, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York Gerard David (c. ... ... no changes . ... Events April - Battle of Villalar - Forces loyal to Emperor Charles V defeat the Comuneros, a league of urban bourgeois rebelling against Charles in Spain. ... Miniature from the Livre du cueur damour esprit. ... Events May 21 - Treaty of Troyes. ... Events May 15 - Charles VIII of Sweden who had served three terms as King of Sweden dies. ... Hubert van Eyck (also Huybrecht van Eyck) (?1366 &#8212; 1426) was a Flemish painter and older brother of Jan van Eyck. ... Events Births Anne of Bohemia, Queen consort of Richard II of England. ... Events March 6 - Battle of St. ... Portrait of a Man in a Turban (actually a chaperon), probably a self-portrait, painted 1433 Jan van Eyck or Johannes de Eyck (c. ... Events August 14 - Battle of Aljubarrota between the Portuguese under John I of Portugal and the Castilians, under John I of Castile. ... This page is about the year 1441. ... Resurrection of Lazarus, c. ... Events The first Portuguese navigators reach the coast of modern Sierra Leone. ... Events March 4 - Hernán Cortés lands in Mexico. ... Hugo van der Goes (c. ... For alternative meanings, see number 1440. ... Events Portuguese fortify Fort Elmina on the Gold Coast Tizoc rules the Aztecs Diogo Cão, a Portuguese navigator, becomes the first European to sail up the Congo. ... Jan Joest van Kalkar Jan Joest, also known as Jan Joest van Kalkar, (c. ... // March - French troops under Guy de Richemont besiege the English commander in France, Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, in Caen. ... Events March 4 - Hernán Cortés lands in Mexico. ... The Institution of the Eucharist Joos van Wassenhove, Justus or Jodocus of Ghent, or Giusto da Guanto. ... March 29 - The Aragonese capture Oristano, capital of the giudicato di Arborea in Sardinia July 15 – Battle of Grunwald (also known as Tannenberg or Zalgiris). ... Events March 6 - Treaty of Toledo - Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain recognize African conquests of Afonso of Portugal and he cedes the Canary Islands to Spain Great standing on the Ugra river - Muscovy becomes independent from the Golden Horde. ... Très riches heures du Duc de Berry: Aout (August) (1412-16) Illumination on vellum, 22,5 x 13,6 cm Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry The Limbourg brothers, or in Dutch Gebroeders van Limburg (Herman, Pol, and Jean; 1385. ... Events August 14 - Battle of Aljubarrota between the Portuguese under John I of Portugal and the Castilians, under John I of Castile. ... May 30 - The Catholic Church burns Jerome of Prague as a heretic. ... Lamentation with Saint John the Baptist and Saint Catherine of Alexandria (1493-1501), a tryptich in the Minneapolis Institute of Arts collection. ... Events March 6 - Treaty of Toledo - Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain recognize African conquests of Afonso of Portugal and he cedes the Canary Islands to Spain Great standing on the Ugra river - Muscovy becomes independent from the Golden Horde. ... Year 1510 (MDX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... Master of the Embroidered Foliage (active 1480 - 1510) was a Netherlandish painter or a group of painters who worked out of Bruges and Brussels. ... Events March 6 - Treaty of Toledo - Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain recognize African conquests of Afonso of Portugal and he cedes the Canary Islands to Spain Great standing on the Ugra river - Muscovy becomes independent from the Golden Horde. ... Year 1510 (MDX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... Marmion, Simon (born circa 1425 at Amiens, France, died 1489) was a Netherlandish painter. ... Events Foundation of the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium Births John II, Duke of Lorraine (died 1470) Edmund Sutton, English nobleman (died 1483) Deaths January 18 - Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March, English politician (born 1391) March 17 - Ashikaga Yoshikazu, Japanese shogun (born 1407) May 24 - Murdoch Stewart, 2nd Duke of... Events March 14 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... // Events May 23 - Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne The Ottoman Empire captures Thessalonica from the Venetians First use of optical methods in the creation of Art A map of Europe in 1430. ... 1494 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Moulins Triptych The anonymous Master of Moulins, a painter whose identity has been a subject of much debate, was associated with the court of the Dukes of Bourbon and was active roughly between 1483 to 1500. ... Events March 6 - Treaty of Toledo - Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain recognize African conquests of Afonso of Portugal and he cedes the Canary Islands to Spain Great standing on the Ugra river - Muscovy becomes independent from the Golden Horde. ... 1500 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Albert van Ouwater (1444-1515) was one of the earliest painters in oil in Holland, soon after the discovery of the art by Jan van Eyck. ... Events March 2 - Gjergj Kastriot Skanderbeg proclaimed commander of the Albanian resistance April 16 - Truce of Tours. ... 1515 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... John the Baptist in the Wilderness by Geertgen tot Sint Jans Geertgen tot Sint Jans (c 1460 in Leyden, Netherlands – c 1490 in Haarlem, Netherlands, sometimes known as Gerrit Gerritsz), was a 15th century Dutch painter active in Haarlem. ... Events The first Portuguese navigators reach the coast of modern Sierra Leone. ... Events Tirant Lo Blanc by Joanot Martorell, Martí Joan De Galba is published. ... Deposition by Roger van der Weyden (c. ... Events Henry IV quells baron rebellion and executes The Earls of Kent, Huntingdon and Salisbury for their attempt to have Richard II of England restored as King Jean Froissart writes the Chronicles Medici family becomes powerful in Florence, Italy Births December 25 - John Sutton, 1st Baron Dudley, Lord Lieutenant of... Events February - Christian I of Denmark and Norway who was also serving as King of Sweden is declared deposed from the later throne. ...

Timeline by year

See also

• Early Renaissance painting.
• Renaissance in the Netherlands.
• Northern Renaissance

Portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and Wife by Jan van Eyck (1434). ... The Renaissance in the Netherlands coincides with a very turbulent period in the region. ... The Northern Renaissance is the term used to describe the Renaissance in northern Europe, or more broadly in Europe outside Italy. ...

External links

• Early Flemish Altarpieces - virtual tour from Web Gallery of Art
• Flemish artists in Italy - Early Netherlandish works painted for Italian patrons in the 15th century.
• Northern Renaissance - Artists and their Works - covers the 15th and 16th centuries.
• Northern Renaissance ArtWeb - Collection of links on major 15th and 16th century artists by Sarah E.C.Peterson.

References and further reading

1. ^ Panofsky, Erwin. Early Netherlandish Painting. London: Harper Collins, 1971 ISBN 0-06-430002-1
2. ^ ^{a b c} Janson, H.W. Janson's History of Art: Western Tradition. 7th rev. ed.,New York: Prentice Hall. 2006 ISBN 0-13-193455-4