This article is part of the History of Sweden series

Viking Age

Early Kingdoms

Consolidation

Modern Sweden

A New Great Power

The Swedish Empire

The Great War

Absolute Monarchy

Union with Norway

Modernization

Industrialization

World War II

Realm of Sweden

List of monarchs

List of wars

This time is problematic in Swedish history. The problems reside not only in a dearth of sources, but also in the fact that the sources are usually either second hand information or semi-legendary in character. Add to this the problem of whether to define Sweden as a nation, a country or a state, and from which perspective (defined as the Sweden of today or defined as what is called Sweden in the sources). This presentation tries to follow both the traditional view of Sweden as an evolution from the tribal areas of the Suiones in eastern Svealand and a strikingly different approach where (from a modern perspective) Sweden is defined as the unified country of both Svealand and Westrogothia. Sweden, main coat of arms (small) - resorting to gif This image depicts a seal, an emblem, a coat of arms or a crest. ... The history of Sweden dates back to 9000 BCE. Pre-historic age: 9,000–500 BCE Sweden, aswell as the adjacent country Norway, has a high concentration of petroglyphs (ristningar or hällristningar in Swedish) throughout the country, with the highest concentration in the province of Bohuslän. ... This article needs cleanup. ... Consolidation Unlike Norway and Denmark, there is no specific time that is generally agreed on concerning when Sweden can be called unified. ... Gustav Vasa Main article: Gustav I of Sweden Gusav Vasa The extraordinary difficulties of Gustav I of Sweden were directly responsible for the eccentric development, both political and religious, of the new kingdom which his genius created. ... Charles IX Main article: Charles IX of Sweden Charles IX Not till March 6, 1604, after Duke John son of John III of Sweden, had formally renounced his hereditary right to the throne, did Charles IX of Sweden begin to style himself king. ... The Peace of Westphalia See also: Peace of Westphalia It was the exploits of Axel Oxenstierna and Johan Banér which alone enabled Sweden to obtain even what she did obtain at the great Peace of Westphalia congress in 1648. ... The Great Northern War See also: Great Northern War The victory at Narva Charles XI of Sweden had carefully provided against the contingency of his successors minority; and the five regents appointed by him, if not great statesmen, were at least practical politicians who had not been trained in... The Enlightened Despot See also: Gustav III of Sweden Adolf Frederick of Sweden died on February 12, 1771. ... A New Dynasty See also: Charles XIV of Sweden King Charles XIV Charles XIII was both infirm and childless. ... Politics in the New Riksdag See also: Riksdag The economic condition of Sweden, owing to the progress in material prosperity which had taken place in the country as the result of the Franco-German War, was at the accession of Oscar II to the throne on September 18, 1872 fairly... The policy of the Swedish Government from 1939 to the end of World War II was to remain neutral and stay out of the war. ... The Realm of Sweden or Svenska väldet is a term that historically was used to comprise all the territories under the control of the Swedish monarchs. ... This is a list of Swedish monarchs, that is, the Kings and ruling Queens of Sweden with Regents and Viceroys of the Kalmar Union up until the present time. ... This is a list of wars fought by Sweden between 1521 and 1814: The Swedish War of Liberation or Befrielsekriget (1521-1523) The Armstice of Gotland (1524) The Recess of Malmö (1524) The Danish Counts Feud or Danska Grevefejden (1534-1536) The Armstice of Copenhagen (1537) The Great Russian... For publications of this name, see also Nation (disambiguation) The most popular modern ethical and philosophical doctrines state that all humans are divided into groups called nations. ... A country, a land, or a state, is a geographical area that connotes an independent political entity, with its own government, administration, laws, often a constitution, police, military, tax rules, and population, who are one anothers countrymen. ... A state is an organized political community occupying a definite territory, having an organized government, and possessing internal and external sovereignty. ... Suiones, Swedes, Svíar or Svear, were an ancient Germanic tribe in Scandinavia. ... Svealand is a historical region of Sweden. ... Svealand is a historical region of Sweden. ... Westrogothia (Västergötland) is a historical Province (landskap) in the southwest of Sweden. ...

Iron age

Tacitus (about 98 AD) described a nation called "Suiones" living on an island in Sea. These Suiones had ships that were peculiar because they had a prow in both ends (the shape we recognise as Viking ships). This word Suiones is the same name as Anglo-Saxon Sweon whose country was called Sweoland (Svealand). In Beowulf, this tribe is also called Sweoðeod, from which the name Sweden is derived, and the country has the name Sweorice which is an old Anglo-Saxon form of the present Swedish name for Sweden (which some claim is Danish, and has its origin from the Kalmar Union). (Danish Sverige = Swedish Svearike). Gaius Cornelius Tacitus Publius or Gaius Cornelius Tacitus (c. ... Suiones, Swedes, Svíar or Svear, were an ancient Germanic tribe in Scandinavia. ... The Anglo-Saxons refers collectively to the groups of Germanic tribes who achieved dominance in southern Britain from the mid-5th century, forming the basis for the modern English nation. ... Svealand is a historical region of Sweden. ... The first page of Beowulf This article describes Beowulf, the epic poem. ... ... The Kalmar Union (Danish/Norwegian/Swedish: Kalmarunionen) was a series of personal unions (1397–1520) that united the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden under a single monarch. ...

In the 6th century the Ostrogoth Jordanes mentioned a tribe named Suehans which is the same name as Tacitus' Suiones. He also unwittingly described the same tribe by a different name, the Suetidi which is the same as an old name for Sweden, SvíÞjóð and the English Sweoðeod. This article deals with the continental Ostrogoths. ...

Several independent sources, such as Beowulf, Ynglingatal, Ynglinga saga, Saxo Grammaticus and Historia Norwegiae, mention a number of Swedish kings who lived in the 6th century, such as Eadgils, Ohthere and Onela, as well as a number of Geatish kings. Some of these kings were in all likelihood historic kings within the present territory of Sweden, although the sources sometimes give contradictory information, such as the death of Ottar. See Mythological kings of Sweden and Semi-legendary kings of Sweden. The first page of Beowulf This article describes Beowulf, the epic poem. ... Ynglingatal is a poem listing the kings of the House of Ynglings. ... The Ynglinga saga or Ynglingesaga, was originally written in Old Norse by the Icelandic poet Snorri Sturluson about 1225 CE. He based it on an earlier Ynglingatal which is attributed to the Norwegian 10th century skald Tjodolf of Hvin, and which also appears in Historia Norwegiae. ... Saxo, etching by the Danish-Norwegian illustrator Louis Moe (1857—1945) Saxo Grammaticus (estimated. ... Historia Norvegiæ is a short history of the Norwegian past written by a monk in the second half of the 12th century. ... Eadgils was a 6th century king of Sweden who appears in the Old English epic Beowulf. ... This is about the Swedish king Ohthere. ... Onela was according to Beowulf a Swedish king during the first half the 6th century. ... Geatish kings existed since the provinces of Götaland/Gautland/Geatland are considered to have been more or less independent with their own petty kings. ... In sources such as Heimskringla and Ynglinga saga there appear early Swedish kings who belong in the domain of mythology, but it is often suggested that they have a historical basis. ... The semi-legendary kings of Sweden are the long line of Swedish kings who preceded Eric the Victorious, according to sources such as the Norse Sagas, Beowulf, Rimbert, Adam of Bremen and Saxo Grammaticus, but who are of disputed historicity, due to the fact that many of them appear in...

In those days the kings were warlords rather than kings as we understand that title today, and what was to become Sweden, Norway and Denmark in a modern sense, were a number of petty kingdoms whose borders changed constantly as the kings killed each other. The politics of these early kingdoms are retold in Beowulf and the Icelandic sagas. German Emperors bore the title of Warlord (German: Kriegsherr), sometimes as a formal label of honour, sometimes in grim earnest. ... The first page of Beowulf This article describes Beowulf, the epic poem. ... The Norse sagas or Viking sagas (Icelandic: Íslendingasögur), are stories about ancient Scandinavian and Germanic history, about early Viking voyages, about migration to Iceland, and of feuds between Icelandic families. ...

One of the most powerful petty kings was the Swedish king, the king of the Sweon (Old Norse Svíar), who ruled Sweoland. It is unknown when it happened and it probably happened several times, but when sources become more reliabe the territories of the Swedish kings include Westrogothia and other parts of Götaland. This stage is by some considered to be the beginning of Sweden. Old Norse or Danish tongue is the Germanic language once spoken by the inhabitants of the Nordic countries (for instance during the Viking Age). ... Westrogothia (Västergötland) is a historical Province (landskap) in the southwest of Sweden. ... Götaland, Gothia, Gothland [1], Gotland (AHD), Gautland or Geatland, is a historical land of Sweden, and was once divided into petty kingdoms. ...

Viking age

During the 9th century extensive Scandinavian settlements were made on the east side of the Baltic sea, and even as early as the reign of Louis I of France, we hear of Swedes arriving in Constantinople and of piratical expeditions on the Black Sea and on the Caspian Sea. The famous expeditions of Rurik (Hrörek) and Askold (Höskuld) whose settlements resulted in the first Russian state and in the origins of the Russian monarchy. Proofs of extensive Scandinavian settlements in Russia are not only to be found in exensive archaeological remains, but also to be found partly in the Russian names assigned to the Dnieper rapids by Constantine Porphyrogenitus, partly in references to this people made by foreign representatives at the court of the Byzantine Empire. The fact that many of the names which occur in Russian chronicles seem to be peculiarly Swedish suggests that Sweden was the home of the settlers, and the best authorities consider that the original Scandinavian conquerors were Swedes coming directly or indirectly from Sweden. ( 8th century - 9th century - 10th century - other centuries) Events Beowulf might have been written down in this century, though it could also have been in the 8th century Reign of Charlemagne, and concurrent (and controversially labeled) Carolingian Renaissance in western Europe Viking attacks on Europe begin Oseberg ship burial The... Scandinavia, Fennoscandia, and the Kola Peninsula. ... The Baltic Sea is located in Northern Europe, bounded by the Scandinavian Peninsula, the mainland of Eastern Europe and Central Europe, and the Danish islands. ... Louis the Pious (also known as Louis I, Louis the Fair and Louis the Debonaire, German form: Ludwig der Fromme, French form: Louis le Pieux or Louis le Débonnaire, Spanish form: Ludovico Pío) (April 16, 778 - June 20, 840) was Emperor and King of the Franks from 814... Map of Constantinople. ... Satellite view of the Black Sea, taken by NASA MODIS Cities of the Black Sea The Black Sea (known as the Euxine Sea in antiquity) is an inland sea between southeastern Europe and Asia Minor. ... Caspian Sea viewed from orbit The Caspian Sea or Mazandaran Sea is a landlocked sea between Asia and Europe (European Russia). ... Rurik or Riurik (held to be the same name as the Scandinavian Hroerekr) (ca 830 - ca 879) was a Varangian who gained control of Ladoga in 862 and built the Holmgard settlement (Rurikovo Gorodische) in Novgorod. ... Askold (Höskuldr) and Dir (Dyri) were according to the Primary Chronicle, two of Ruriks men. ... Kievan Rus′ (Ки́евская Ру́сь, Kievskaya Rus in Russian; Київська Русь, Kyivs’ka Rus’ in Ukrainian) was the early, mostly East Slavic¹ state dominated by the city of Kiev (ru: Ки́ев, Kiev; uk: Ки́їв, Kyiv), from about 880 to the middle of the 12th century. ... This article is about the river. ... Constantine VII Porphyrogenitos (the Purple-born) (905 – November 9, 959) was the son of Byzantine emperor Leo VI and nephew of Alexander III. He earned his nickname as the legitimate (or more accurately legitimized) son of Leo, as opposed to the others who claimed the throne during his lifetime. ... The Byzantine Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople. ... Scandinavia, Fennoscandia, and the Kola Peninsula. ...

In the time of Harold Fairhair, probably about the beginning of the 10th century, we hear of a king named Erik at Uppsala, whose authority seems to have the reached as far as Norway. Later in the century there is record of a king named Björn who is said to have been the son of an Erik and to have reigned fifty years. Björn's sons and successors were Olof and Eric the Victorious. Styrbjörn Starke, the son of Olof, being refused his share of the government by Eric after his father's death, made himself a stronghold at Jomsborg in Pomerania and spent some years in piratical expeditions. Eventually he betook himself to Harold Bluetooth, then king of Denmark, and endeavoured to secure his assistance in gaining the Swedish throne by force of arms. Although be failed in this attempt he was not deterred from attacking Eric, and a battle took place between the two at the Fyris Wolds, south of Gamla Uppsala in which Styrbjörn was defeated and killed. Eric himself died ten years after this battle, apparently about 993. According to the story be had obtained victory from Odin in return for a promise to give himself up at the end of ten years. ( 9th century - 10th century - 11th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 10th century was that century which lasted from 901 to 1000. ... Erik Anundsson (d. ... This article is about the modern city of Uppsala. ... Björn was the father of Olof (II) Björnsson and Eric the Victorious, according to Hervarar saga. ... Erik Anundsson (d. ... Olof Björnsson (ca 970 - 975), who according to Hervarar saga and the Flatey Book ruled together with his brother Eric the Victorious. ... Eric the Victorious (VI), or Erik Segersäll, (985?- 995), was king of the Swedes during the last two decades of the 10th century. ... Styrbjörn Starke or Styrbjorn the Strong was the semi-legendary son of Olof (II) Björnsson, and the nephew of Eric the Victorious. ... Jomsborg was a legendary Viking settlement in Pomerania by the Baltic Sea. ... Pomerania (Polish: Pomorze, German: Pommern and Pommerellen, Pomeranian (Kashubian): Pòmòrze and Pòmòrskô, Latin: Pomerania, Pomorania) is a geographical and historical region in northern Poland and Germany on the south coasts of the Baltic Sea between and on both sides of the Vistula and Oder (Odra) rivers, reaching the Reknitz river... Harold Bluetooth Gormson (Danish Harald Blåtand, Norwegian Harald Blåtann) (ca 935- November 1, 986), sometimes Harold II, succeeded his father Gorm the Old as king of Denmark in 958 (or 959) and was king of Norway for a few years, probably around 970. ... Hrolf Kraki fleeing the Swedish king Adils on the Fýrisvellir Fyrisvellir, Fyris Wolds or Fyrisvallarna was the marshy plain (vellir) south of Gamla Uppsala where travellers had to leave the ships and walk to the Temple at Uppsala and the hall of the Swedish king. ... Gamla Uppsala is an area rich in archaeological remains seen from the grave field whose larger mounds (left part) are close to the royal mounds. ... Events July 4 - Saint Ulrich of Augsburg canonized Births Deaths Categories: 993 ... Odin, Icelandic/Old Norse Óðinn, Swedish Oden, Anglo-Saxon and Old Saxon Woden, Old Franconian Wodan, Alemannic Wuodan, German Wotan or Wothan Lombardic Godan. ...

Christianization and struggle for power

Under his son and successor Olof, surnamed Skötkonung, Christianity was fully established in Sweden. Olaf Tryggvason, the king of Norway, had married his sister Ingibiorg to Ragnvald, earl of Westrogothia, on condition that he should receive baptism, and the Swedish king’s wife was also a Christian, though he himself was not baptized until 1008 by Sigfrid at Husaby. A quarrel arose in the last years of the 10th century between Olaf Skötkonung and Olaf Tryggvason. The latter had applied for the hand of Sigrid, the widow of Eric the Victorious, but had insulted her on her refusal to become a Christian. In the year 1000, when the Norwegian king was in Pomerania, a coalition was formed between the king of Sweden, Sweyn Forkbeard, king of Denmark, and earl Eric of Lade, and the allies way laid their enemy off the coast near Rügen and overthrew him in the great sea-Battle of Swold. Under Olaf Skötkonung Sweden became the mightiest of the kingdoms of the north, in spite of the king’s own inactivity. She lost her lands east of the Baltic, but received as compensation in Norway part of Trondheim and the province now called Bahusia. These lands Olaf handed over to Earl Sweyn, brother of Earl Eric (whose father Haakon had governed Norway), as a marriage portion for his daughter Holmfrid. Some years later we hear of hostilities between Olaf Skötkonung and another Norwegian prince, Olaf Haraldsson (the Fat), who raided Sweden and was besieged in the lake Mälaren by the Swedish king. In 1014, the year of Earl Eric's departure to England with Canute, Olaf Haraldsson, returning to Norway as king, put an end to the Swedish and Danish supremacy, and in 1015 he forced Earl Sweyn to leave the country. Trifling border-quarrels followed, but in 1017 a truce was arranged between Norway and Westrogothia, where Earl Ragnvald was still in power. Olaf of Norway now sent his marshal Bjorn to Ragnvald to arrange a peace. Ragnvald brought him to a great assembly at Uppsala in February 1018. At this meeting Björn, supported by the earl, asked for peace, and Olaf II was compelled by the pressure of the lawman Thorgny to agree to this and also to promise his daughter Ingegeril in marriage to the Norwegian king. The marriage, however, never got beyond the betrothal stage, and at Earl Ragnvald’s suggestion Astrid, her half-sister, was substituted, contrary to the will of Olaf Skötkonung. Such was the anger of the king that Ragnvald was forced to accompany Ingegerd to Russia, where she was married to the grand-duke Jaroslav at Novgorod. In Sweden, however, both the Westgotar and the Upland Svear were discontented, the former on account of the breaking of the king’s promise to Olaf II of Norway and the latter on account of the introduction of the new religion, and their passions were further inflamed by the lawman Anund of Skara. A rising in Uplandia compelled Olaf to share his power with his son Jacob, whose name was changed to Anund by the leaders of the revolt. A meeting was then arranged between the kings of Norway and Sweden at Kungälv in 1019, and this resulted in a treaty. The death of Olaf Skötkonung is assigned by Snorri Sturluson to the winter of 1021-1022. His grave is still shown at Husaby in Westrogothia. Coin minted for Olof Skötkonung Olof of Sweden, Olof the Tax-king, Olof Skötkonung or Skautkonung, the first Christian king in Sweden, reigned between 995 and 1022. ... Christianity is an Abrahamic religion based on the life, teachings, death by crucifixion, and resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth as described in the New Testament. ... Olav Tryggvason (969 - September 9, 1000) was a great-grandson of Harald Hairfair He began his meteoric career in exile as his ancestors fled from the executions of the royal family by Eric Bloodaxe. ... Ragnvald Ulfsson the Old, Jarl of Westrogothia ca 1010-1020, and later of Staraja Ladoga and Ingria. ... Westrogothia (Västergötland) is a historical Province (landskap) in the southwest of Sweden. ... Baptism is a water purification ritual practiced in certain religions such as Christianity, Mandaeanism, Sikhism, and some historic sects of Judaism. ... Baptism is a water purification ritual practiced in certain religions such as Christianity, Mandaeanism, Sikhism, and some historic sects of Judaism. ... Husaby, near Kinnekulle, is a village in the province of Westrogothia, Sweden. ... ( 9th century - 10th century - 11th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 10th century was that century which lasted from 901 to 1000. ... For other uses, see number 1000. ... Sweyn I Forkbeard (Svein Otto Haraldsson; Danish: Svend Tveskæg, originally Tjugeskæg or Tyvskæg, Norwegian: Svein Tjugeskjegg) (c. ... Rügen ( Polish Rugia) is the largest German island. ... The Battle of Swold was a naval battle that took place on September 9, 1000 between Norway and the other Scandinavians. ... County Sør-Trøndelag Landscape Municipality NO-1601 Administrative centre Trondheim Mayor (2005) Rita Ottervik (A) Official language form Neutral Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 258 342 km² 322 km² 0. ... The provinces or landskap were the subdivision of Sweden until 1634, when they were replaced by counties in a reform, led by Axel Oxenstierna, that still remains in force in Sweden proper. ... Bahusia, or Bohuslän, is a historical Sweden. ... Haakon I (c. ... Mälaren at dusk Mälaren is the third largest lake in Sweden, after lakes Vänern and Vättern. ... Events February 14 - Germany July 29 - Battle of Kleidion: Basil II inflicts not only a decisive defeat on the Bulgarian army, but his subsequent savage treatment of 15,000 prisoners reportedly causes Tsar Samuil of Bulgaria to die of shock, and earns Basil II the title Voulgaroktonos (Bulgar-slayer). ... Royal motto: Dieu et mon droit (French: God and my right) Englands location within the UK Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area  - Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population  - Total (2001)  - Density Ranked 1st UK 49,138,831 377/km² Religion... Olav II Haraldsson ( 995 – 1030), king from 1015–1028, called during his lifetime the Fat and afterwards known as Saint Olaf, was born in the year in which Olaf Tryggvesson came to Norway. ... Events August: Canute the Great invades England. ... Events Canute the Great is acclaimed king of England. ... Westrogothia (Västergötland) is a historical Province (landskap) in the southwest of Sweden. ... Ragnvald Ulfsson the Old, Jarl of Westrogothia ca 1010-1020, and later of Staraja Ladoga and Ingria. ... Ragnvald Ulfsson the Old, Jarl of Westrogothia ca 1010-1020, and later of Staraja Ladoga and Ingria. ... Events Bulgaria becomes part of the Byzantine Empire. ... Skara is a Municipality in Västra Götaland County, in western Sweden. ... Uplandia, or Uppland, is a historical Province or Landskap on the eastern coast of Sweden. ... Coin minted for Anund Jakob Anund Jakob (king of Sweden 1022-1050) was born as Jakob but when the Thing was to elect him the co-ruler of Sweden, the people objected to his non-Norwegian kings Olaf II and Magnus I against Denmarks king Canute during the 1020s... Kungälv is a Municipality in Västra Götaland County, in western Sweden. ... Events Toi invasion: Jurchen pirates invade Kyushu. ... Snorri Sturluson (1178 – September 23, 1241) was an Icelandic historian, poet and politician. ... Husaby, near Kinnekulle, is a village in the province of Westrogothia, Sweden. ... Westrogothia (Västergötland) is a historical Province (landskap) in the southwest of Sweden. ...

Anund Jacob of Sweden, now sole king, early in his reign allied himself with Olaf II of Norway against Knut the Great, who had demanded the restitution of the rights possessed by his father King Anund, Sweyn in Norway. The allies took advantage of the Danish king’s absence to harry his land. On his return an indecisive battle was fought at Helgeå, and Anund returned to Sweden. Olaf was driven from Norway by the Danes, but returning in 1030 he raised a small army in Sweden and marched through Jemtia to Trondheim only to meet his death at the Battle of Stiklestad. After death he was worshipped in Sweden, especially in Götaland. We hear from Adam of Bremen that Anund was young in years but old in wisdom and cunning; he was called Kolbränna because he had the houses of evildoers burnt. Like Olof Skötkonung he caused coins to be struck at Sigtuna, of which a few remain. The coins of Anund surpass all that were struck during the next two centuries. He appears to have died about 1050, according to Adam of Bremen. He was succeeded by his brother Emund the Old, who Emund the had been previously passed over because, his mother was unfree, the daughter of a Slav prince and captured in war. This king had become a Christian, but soon quarrelled with Adalhard, archbishop of Bremen, and endeavoured to secure the independence of the Church of Sweden, which was not obtained for another century. Emund, who was given the name Slemme, had territorial disputes with Denmark in the early part of his reign. These disputes were settled by a rectification of boundaries, which assigned Blechingia to Denmark. Coin minted for Anund Jakob Anund Jakob (king of Sweden 1022-1050) was born as Jakob but when the Thing was to elect him the co-ruler of Sweden, the people objected to his non-Norwegian kings Olaf II and Magnus I against Denmarks king Canute during the 1020s... Olav II Haraldsson ( 995 – 1030), king from 1015–1028, called during his lifetime the Fat and afterwards known as Saint Olaf, was born in the year in which Olaf Tryggvesson came to Norway. ... Canute (or Cnut) I, or Canute the Great (Danish Knud den Store) (994/995 - November 12, 1035) was king of England, Denmark and Norway and governor or overlord of Schleswig and Pomerania. ... Helgeå is a river, which runs through Kristianstad and out to the Hanöbukten, in the Baltic Sea. ... Events Battle of Stiklestad ensures the Christianization of Norway. ... Jemtia, or Jämtland (or simply Jamtland as it is known by its local dialect), is a historical Province or landskap in the north of Sweden. ... County Sør-Trøndelag Landscape Municipality NO-1601 Administrative centre Trondheim Mayor (2005) Rita Ottervik (A) Official language form Neutral Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 258 342 km² 322 km² 0. ... The Battle of Stiklestad (Old Norse Stiklarstaðir) in 1030 is one of the most famous battles in the history of Norway. ... Götaland, Gothia, Gothland [1], Gotland (AHD), Gautland or Geatland, is a historical land of Sweden, and was once divided into petty kingdoms. ... Adam of Bremen (also: Adam Bremensis) was one of the most important German medieval chroniclers. ... This article treats the town and municipality of Sigtuna. ... Emund the Old (king of Sweden 1050-1060) was an illegitimate son of Olof Skötkonung. ... Bremen lies in North Germany 50km South of the North Sea. ... The Church of Sweden, or Svenska kyrkan, is the national church of Sweden. ... Blechingia (Blekinge) is a historical Sweden. ...

With the death of Emund, which took place in 1060, the old family of Swedish kings dies out. The successor of Emund the Old was a king Stenkil who had married the daughter of his predecessor. He was the son of a certain Ragnvald, perhaps connected with the Westergotland Ragnvald, of the reign of Olaf Skötkonung. Stenkil was born in Vestergotland and was warmly attached to the Christian religion. The Adalhard who had quarrelled with Emund the Old now sent a bishop, Adalhard the younger, to Skara. Christianity was by this time firmly established throughout most of Sweden, its chief strength being in Westergotland. The Uplanders, however, still held out against it, and Adalhard, though he succeeded in destroying the idols in his own province Westergotland, was unable to persuade Stenkil to destroy the old sanctuary at Uppsala. During his reign grants of land in Wermelandia made by the king to the Norwegian earl Haakon Ivarsson led to a successful invasion of Götaland by Harold Hardrada of Norway. Stenkil also had disputes with Denmark. On his death in 1066 a civil war broke out in which the leaders were two obscure princes named Eric. Probably the division of feeling between Westergötland and Upland in the matter of religion was the real cause of this war, but nothing is known of the details, though we hear that both kings as well as the chief men of the land fell in it. Events May - The Norman leader Robert Guiscard conquers Taranto. ... Stenkil (1028–1066) was a Jarl and King of Sweden from 1060 to his death. ... Westrogothia (Västergötland) is a historical Province (landskap) in the southwest of Sweden. ... Ragnvald Ulfsson the Old, Jarl of Westrogothia ca 1010-1020, and later of Staraja Ladoga and Ingria. ... Skara is a Municipality in Västra Götaland County, in western Sweden. ... This article is about the modern city of Uppsala. ... Wermelandia, or Värmland, is a historical province or landskap in the west of middle Sweden. ... Götaland, Gothia, Gothland [1], Gotland (AHD), Gautland or Geatland, is a historical land of Sweden, and was once divided into petty kingdoms. ... Events January 6 - Harold II is crowned King of England the day after Edward the Confessor dies. ...

A prince called Haakon the Red now appears as king of Sweden and is said to have occupied the throne for thirteen years. In the Westrogothia regnal lists he appears Haakon the before Stenkil and it is possible that the authority of that king was not regularly acknowledged in the province. In 1081 we find the sons of Stenkil, Ingold I and Halsten, reigning. Inge’s attachment to Christianity caused him to be expelled after a short time by his brother-in-law Sweyn, or Blot-Sweyn from his revival of the old sacrifices. Sweyn retained Inge and the kingship only for three years. After that Blotsweyn interval Inge returned and slew him, and his fall marks the final overthrow of the old religion. The interesting account of Uppsala preserved by Adam of Bremen in his History (iv. 26) apparently dates from the period immediately preceding these events. He describes the temple at Uppsala as one of great splendour and covered with gilding. The Swedes rebelled against the Anund Gårdske because he did not want to worship the Norse gods and Håkan the Red became king, 1070-1079, although he was a Christian. ... Westrogothia (Västergötland) is a historical Province (landskap) in the southwest of Sweden. ... Events Corfu taken from Byzantine Empire by Robert Guiscard, Italy Byzantine emperor Nicephorus III is overthrown by Alexius I Comnenus, ending the Middle Byzantine period and beginning the Comnenan dynasty Alexius I helps defend Albania from the Normans (the first recorded mention of Albania), but is defeated at the Battle... Inge Stenkilsson (king 1079–1084 (?) and 1087–1105) ruled with his half-brother Haakon the Red, until Haakon died, in 1080. ... Halsten Stenkilsson was king of Sweden for a short time, 1067-1070, before he was deposed, according to Adam of Bremen. ... Blot-Sven (king 1084-1087) ousted his brother-in-law Inge from Svealand, when he had refused to administer the sacrifices at the Temple at Uppsala, in ca 1080. ... This article is about the modern city of Uppsala. ... Adam of Bremen (also: Adam Bremensis) was one of the most important German medieval chroniclers. ... The Temple at Uppsala was a Temple in Gamla Uppsala (Old Uppsala), near modern Uppsala, Sweden, created to worship the Norse gods of ancient times. ...

After the introduction of Christianity the importance of Uppsala began steadily to decline, and the kings no longer made it their residence. It did however become the seat for the Swedish Archbishop in 1164; a cathedral was built on the place for the temple where the relics of the Swedish King and national saint Eric where kept. Uppsala Cathedral seen from the other side of the river. ... Events Count Henry I of Champagne marries Marie de Champagne. ... Relics can be: Relics: the remains of saints (usually bones), honored in the Catholic and Orthodox churches. ... Categories: Stub | Assassinated people | Saints | Swedish monarchs ...

See also: Lands of Sweden, Provinces of Sweden Sweden was historically divided into four Lands or Landsdelar: Götaland Svealand Norrland Österland Götaland and Svealand were once, in prehistoric times which only later chronicles have written about, rival kingdoms before being united under one Crown by Svealand. ... The provinces or landskap were the subdivision of Sweden until 1634, when they were replaced by counties in a reform, led by Axel Oxenstierna, that still remains in force in Sweden proper. ...

References

• This article incorporates text from the public domain 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica.