This article will cover the time following the pre-historic era and partly the Viking Age, and spans from circa 800 AD, when the process of Christianization began, up to 1523, when the king Gustav Vasa was crowned. The era in a way corresponds to the European Middle Ages. The history of Sweden dates back to 9000 BC. // Pre-historic age: 9,000–500 BC Main article Prehistoric Sweden Sweden, as well as the adjacent country Norway, has a high concentration of petroglyphs (ristningar or hällristningar in Swedish) throughout the country, with the highest concentration in the province... // Ice age The pre-history of Sweden begins at the end of the Pleistocene epoch at the beginning of Holocene epoch, following the last ice age, the Weichsel glaciation. ... The Kalmar Union flag. ... // Gustav Vasa Main article: Gustav I of Sweden Gusav Vasa Gustav I of Sweden (Vasa) had political and religious difficulties in his kingdom established in 1523. ... // Charles IX Main article: Charles IX of Sweden Not till March 6, 1604, after Duke John son of John III of Sweden, had formally renounced his hereditary right to the throne, did Charles IX of Sweden begin to style himself king. ... Sweden between the years 1611 and 1718 is known as the Swedish Empire. ... The period from Charles XIIs death in 1718 to Gustav IIIs coup detat in 1772 is mostly referred to as Frihetstiden (the Age of Liberty), representing a 50 year long experiment with Parliamentarism and increasing Civil Rights. ... // The Enlightened Despot See also: Gustav III of Sweden Adolf Frederick of Sweden died on February 12, 1771. ... The Union between Sweden and Norway refers to the kingdoms of Sweden and Norway between 1814 and 1905, when they were united under one monarch in a personal union, following the Convention of Moss, on August 14, and the Norwegian constitutional revision of November 4. ... Politics in the New Riksdag See also: Riksdag The economic condition of Sweden, owing to the progress in material prosperity which had taken place in the country as the result of the Franco-German War, was at the accession of Oscar II to the throne on September 18, 1872 fairly... The policy of Sweden during World War II was to remain neutral. ... Sweden, as well as the adjacent country Norway, has a high concentration of petroglyphs (ristningar or hällristningar in Swedish) throughout the country, with the highest concentration in the province of Bohuslän. ... The Viking Age is the name of the period between 793 and 1066 AD in Scandinavia and Britain, following the Germanic Iron Age (and the Vendel Age in Sweden). ... St Francis Xavier converting the Paravas: a 19th-century image of the docile heathen Ansgar, the 9th century apostle of the North in an 1830 drawing. ... Events April - Battle of Villalar - Forces loyal to Emperor Charles V defeat the Comuneros, a league of urban bourgeois rebelling against Charles in Spain. ... Gustav Vasa, originally Gustav Eriksson Vasa (May 12, 1496–September 29, 1560) was King of Sweden from 1523 until his death. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ...

During this period, the four lands of Sweden were gradually consolidated. Scandinavia was fully Christianized around 1100 AD. The Kalmar Union between the Scandinavian countries was established in 1389 and lasted until Gustav Vasa broke off at seizing power. Norrland Svealand Götaland Historical map: Lands of Sweden Sweden is divided into the tre lands: Götaland, Svealand, Norrland. ... The Kalmar Union flag. ... Scandinavia is a region in Northern Europe named after the Scandinavian Peninsula. ...

9th century

Arrival of Rurik to Ladoga by Apollinary Vasnetsov (1856-1933)

During the 9th century extensive Scandinavian settlements were made on the east side of the Baltic sea. During the reign of Louis I of France (Louis the Pious) in the first half of the 9th century, we hear of Varangians arriving in Constantinople and of piratical expeditions on the Black Sea and on the Caspian Sea. Expeditions such as the possibly legendary ones by Rurik (Rørik) and Askold (Haskuld) established settlements that resulted in Kievan Rus'. Proofs of extensive Scandinavian settlements in Russia are not only to be found in exensive archaeological remains, but also to be found partly in the names assigned to the Dnieper rapids by Constantine Porphyrogenitus, partly in references to this people made by foreign representatives at the court of the Byzantine Empire. The fact that many of the names which occur in Russian chronicles seem to be peculiarly Swedish suggests that Sweden was the home of the settlers. A minority view disputes the Swedish origins of at least part of the early Rus, hypothesizing that the princes invited by the population of Ladoga stemmed from the royal house of Haithabu. This town also has a dynastic connection with Sweden, since Sweyn Estridson related to Adam of Bremen that it was conquered by a Swedish warlord named Olof the Brash, who founded the House of Olaf which ruled Denmark in the late 9th and the early 10th centuries. Image File history File links Apollinary Vasnetsov (1856-1933). ... Image File history File links Apollinary Vasnetsov (1856-1933). ... As a means of recording the passage of time the 9th century was that century that lasted from 801 to 900. ... Scandinavia is a region in Northern Europe named after the Scandinavian Peninsula. ... The Baltic Sea is located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from 20°E to 26°E longitude. ... Louis the Pious, contemporary depiction from 826 as a miles Christi (soldier of Christ), with a poem of Rabanus Maurus overlaid. ... The Varangians (Russian: Variags, Варяги) were Scandinavians who travelled eastwards and southwards, mainly from Jutland and Sweden. ... Constantinople[1] was the name of the modern-day city of Ä°stanbul, Turkey over the centuries that it served as the second capital of the unified Roman Empire, and after its division into East and West, of the Eastern Roman Empire, also known as the Byzantine Empire (from the city... Map of the Black Sea. ... Caspian Sea viewed from orbit The Caspian Sea is a LAKE MY HOMIE DOGG of Eurasia between Asia and Europe. ... Rurik or Riurik (Old East Norse Rørik, meaning famous ruler) (ca 830 – ca 879) was a Varangian who gained control of Ladoga in 862 and built the Holmgard settlement (Rurikovo Gorodische) in Novgorod. ... Askold (Höskuldr) and Dir (Dyri) were according to the Primary Chronicle, two of Ruriks men. ... Map of the the extent of Kievan Rus through the 11th century. ... This article is about the river. ... Constantine and his mother Zoë. Constantine VII Porphyrogenitos (the Purple-born) (Constantinople, 905 – November 9, 959 in Constantinople) was the son of Byzantine emperor Leo VI and his fourth wife Zoe Karvounopsina. ... Byzantine Empire (Greek: Βυζαντινή Αυτοκρατορία) is the term conventionally used since the 19th century to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople. ... Ladoga may refer to one of the following. ... Hedeby (referred to also as Haithabu and Latin Heidiba) was a settlement and trading center on the southern Baltic Sea coast of the Jutland Peninsula at the head of a narrow, navigable inlet, the Schlei in Schleswig-Holstein, northern Germany. ... Sweyn II Estridsson Ulfsson. ... Adam of Bremen (also: Adam Bremensis) was one of the most important German medieval chroniclers. ... Olaf was according to the Danish king Sweyn Estridson and Adam of Bremen a Swedish chieftain who conquered Denmark in the late 9th century or early 10th century, and founded the House of Olaf. ... House of Olaf was a Swedish dynasty which ruled Denmark in the early 10th century. ... As a means of recording the passage of time the 9th century was that century that lasted from 801 to 900. ... As a means of recording the passage of time, the 10th century was that century which lasted from 901 to 1000. ...

10th century

The Swedish vikings also played a role in the west during the later Viking Age. This first occurred during the conquest of England under the Danish kings Svein Forkbeard and his son Cnut from 1007-1013. Swedes, along with Norwegians, were recruited as mercenaries to participate in this conquest. Indeed, there is at least one rune stone monument in Sweden attesting to a warrior who won much booty during one of these English campaigns. Later on, Swedes were recruited by the infamous King Harald III of Norway (Harald Hardrada), to help him win back control of Norway. These Swedes subsequently helped Harald invade England in 1066, the year in which he and his army were destroyed. The Viking Age is the name of the period between 793 and 1066 AD in Scandinavia and Britain, following the Germanic Iron Age (and the Vendel Age in Sweden). ... Royal motto (French): Dieu et mon droit (Translated: God and my right) Englands location (dark green) within the United Kingdom (light green), with the Republic of Ireland (blue) to its west Languages None official English de facto Capital None official London de facto Largest city London Area – Total Ranked... Sweyn I Forkbeard (Sven Otto Haraldsson; Danish: Svend Tveskæg, originally Tjugeskæg or Tyvskæg, Norwegian: Svein Tjugeskjegg) (c. ... A rune stone in Lund Rune stones are stones with runic inscriptions dating from the early Middle Ages but are found to have been used most prominently during the Iron Age (Viking Age). ... Harald III Sigurdsson (1015 – September 25, 1066), later surnamed Harald Hardråda (Norse: Harald Harðráði, roughly translated as Harald stern council or hard ruler) was the king of Norway from 1046 until 1066. ...

In the time of Harold Fairhair, probably about the beginning of the 10th century, we hear of a king named Erik at Uppsala, whose authority seems to have the reached as far as Norway. Later in the century there is record of a king named Björn who is said to have been the son of an Erik and to have reigned fifty years. Björn's sons and successors were Olof and Eric the Victorious. Styrbjörn Starke, the son of Olof, being refused his share of the government by Eric after his father's death, made himself a stronghold at Jomsborg in Pomerania and spent some years in piratical expeditions. Eventually he betook himself to Harold Bluetooth, then king of Denmark, and endeavoured to secure his assistance in gaining the Swedish throne by force of arms. Although be failed in this attempt he was not deterred from attacking Eric, and a battle took place between the two at the Fyris Wolds, south of Gamla Uppsala in which Styrbjörn was defeated and killed. Eric himself died ten years after this battle, apparently about 993. According to the story he had obtained victory from Odin in return for a promise to give himself up at the end of ten years. Harald Fairhair or Harald Finehair (Old Norse:Haraldr hinn hárfagri, Icelandic:Haraldur hinn hárfagri, Norwegian:Harald HÃ¥rfagre) (c. ... As a means of recording the passage of time, the 10th century was that century which lasted from 901 to 1000. ... Erik Anundsson (d. ... Uppsala (older spelling Upsala) 59°51′ N 17°38′ E is a Swedish City in central Sweden, located about 70 km north of Stockholm. ... Björn was the father of Olof (II) Björnsson and Eric the Victorious, according to Hervarar saga. ... Erik Anundsson (d. ... Olof Björnsson (ca 970 - 975), was a semi-legendary Swedish king, who according to Hervarar saga and the Styrbjarnar þáttr Svíakappa ruled together with his brother Eric the Victorious. ... Eric the Victorious (VI), or Erik Segersäll, (985?- 995), was king of the Swedes during the last two decades of the 10th century. ... Styrbjörn the Strong (Styrbjörn Sterki) or Styrbjörn the Swedish Champion (Styrbjörn svía kappi) was according to the Norse sagas the son of Olof (II) Björnsson, and the nephew of Eric the Victorious. ... Jomsborg was a legendary Viking settlement in Pomerania by the Baltic Sea. ... Historic Pomerania (outlined in yellow) on the background of modern country borders. ... Harold Bluetooth Gormson (Danish Harald Blåtand, Norwegian Harald Blåtann) (ca 935- November 1, 986), sometimes Harold II, succeeded his father Gorm the Old as king of Denmark in 958 (or 959) and was king of Norway for a few years, probably around 970. ... Hrolf Kraki fleeing the Swedish king Adils on the Fýrisvellir Fyrisvellir, Fyris Wolds or Fyrisvallarna was the marshy plain (vellir) south of Gamla Uppsala where travellers had to leave the ships and walk to the Temple at Uppsala and the hall of the Swedish king. ... Gamla Uppsala is an area rich in archaeological remains seen from the grave field whose larger mounds (left part) are close to the royal mounds. ... Events July 4 - Saint Ulrich of Augsburg canonized Births Deaths Categories: 993 ... For other meanings of Odin, Woden or Wotan see Odin (disambiguation), Woden (disambiguation), Wotan (disambiguation). ...

Christianization and struggle for power

Under his son and successor Olof, surnamed Skötkonung, Christianity was fully established in Sweden. Olaf Tryggvason, the king of Norway, had married his sister Ingibiorg to Ragnvald, earl of Westrogothia, on condition that he should receive baptism, and the Swedish king’s wife was also a Christian, though he himself was not baptized until 1008 by Sigfrid at Husaby. A quarrel arose in the last years of the 10th century between Olaf Skötkonung and Olaf Tryggvason. The latter had applied for the hand of Sigrid, the widow of Eric the Victorious, but had insulted her on her refusal to become a Christian. In the year 1000, when the Norwegian king was in Pomerania, a coalition was formed between the king of Sweden, Sweyn Forkbeard, king of Denmark, and Earl Eric of Lade, and the allies way laid their enemy off the coast near Rügen and overthrew him in the great sea-Battle of Swold. Under Olaf Skötkonung Sweden became the mightiest of the kingdoms of the north, in spite of the king’s own inactivity. She lost her lands east of the Baltic, but received as compensation in Norway part of Trøndelag and Bohuslän. These lands Olaf handed over to Earl Sweyn, brother of Earl Eric (whose father Haakon had governed Norway), as a marriage portion for his daughter Holmfrid. Some years later we hear of hostilities between Olaf Skötkonung and another Norwegian prince, Olaf Haraldsson (the Fat), who raided Sweden and was besieged in the lake Mälaren by the Swedish king. In 1014, the year of Earl Eric's departure to England with Canute, Olaf Haraldsson, returning to Norway as king, put an end to the Swedish and Danish supremacy, and in 1015 he forced Earl Sweyn to leave the country. Trifling border-quarrels followed, but in 1017 a truce was arranged between Norway and Västergötland, where Earl Ragnvald was still in power. Olaf of Norway now sent his marshal Bjorn to Ragnvald to arrange a peace. Ragnvald brought him to a great assembly at Uppsala in February 1018. At this meeting Björn, supported by the earl, asked for peace, and Olaf II was compelled by the pressure of the lawman Thorgny Lawspeaker to agree to this and also to promise his daughter Ingegerd Olofsdotter in marriage to the Norwegian king. The marriage, however, never got beyond the betrothal stage, and at Earl Ragnvald’s suggestion Astrid, her half-sister, was substituted, contrary to the will of Olaf Skötkonung. Such was the anger of the king that Ragnvald was forced to accompany Ingegerd to Russia, where she was married to the grand-duke Jaroslav at Novgorod. In Sweden, however, both the Westgotar and the Uppland Svear were discontented, the former on account of the breaking of the king’s promise to Olaf II of Norway and the latter on account of the introduction of the new religion, and their passions were further inflamed by the lawman Anund of Skara. A rising in Uppland compelled Olaf to share his power with his son Jacob, whose name was changed to Anund by the leaders of the revolt. A meeting was then arranged between the kings of Norway and Sweden at Kungälv in 1019, and this resulted in a treaty. The death of Olaf Skötkonung is assigned by Snorri Sturluson to the winter of 1021-1022. His grave is still shown at Husaby in Västergötland. Coin minted for Olof Skötkonung in Sigtuna Olof of Sweden or Olof Skötkonung/Skottkonung (the meaning of the cognomen is disputed) was the son of Eric the Victorious and Sigrid the Haughty. ... Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as recounted in the New Testament. ... Olav Tryggvason (969 - September 9, 1000) was a great-grandson of Harald Hairfair He began his meteoric career in exile as his ancestors fled from the executions of the royal family by Eric Bloodaxe. ... Ragnvald Ulfsson the Old, Jarl of Westrogothia ca 1010-1020, and later of Staraja Ladoga and Ingria. ... Westrogothia (Västergötland) is a historical Province (landskap) in the southwest of Sweden. ... Baptism in early Christian art. ... Baptism is a water purification ritual practiced in certain religions such as Christianity, Mandaeanism, Sikhism, and some historic sects of Judaism. ... Events Olof, king of Sweden, is baptized. ... Saint Sigfrid (Sigfried, Siegfrid, Siegfried, Sigfridus) (Glastonbury, ?–Växjö, 1045) was a Benedictine evangelist in Sweden; he converted king Olof in 1008. ... Husaby, near Kinnekulle, is a village in the province of Westrogothia, Sweden. ... As a means of recording the passage of time, the 10th century was that century which lasted from 901 to 1000. ... Coin minted for Olof Skötkonung in Sigtuna Olof of Sweden or Olof Skötkonung/Skottkonung (the meaning of the cognomen is disputed) was the son of Eric the Victorious and Sigrid the Haughty. ... // Events World Population 300 million. ... Historic Pomerania (outlined in yellow) on the background of modern country borders. ... This article may contain original research or unverified claims. ... Eirik HÃ¥konson, (circa 963-1028), earl of Lade (Trøndelag). ... Map of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania highlighting the district Rügen Rügen (Polish: Rugia) is an island located off the coast of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania in the Baltic Sea. ... The Battle of Swold was a naval battle that took place on September 9, 1000 between Norway and the other Scandinavians. ... Trøndelag is the name of a geographical region in the middle of Norway, consisting of the two counties Nord-Trøndelag and Sør-Trøndelag. ... â–¶ (help· info), (Latin: Bahusia, English, Norwegian BÃ¥huslen) is a province (landskap) in west Sweden. ... Haakon I (ca. ... Location map Mälaren details, with Stockholm urban area pink in the east. ... Events February 14 - Pope Benedict VIII recognizes Henry of Bavaria as King of Germany July 29 - Battle of Kleidion: Basil II inflicts not only a decisive defeat on the Bulgarian army, but his subsequent savage treatment of 15,000 prisoners reportedly causes Tsar Samuil of Bulgaria to die of shock... Royal motto (French): Dieu et mon droit (Translated: God and my right) Englands location (dark green) within the United Kingdom (light green), with the Republic of Ireland (blue) to its west Languages None official English de facto Capital None official London de facto Largest city London Area – Total Ranked... Olav II Haraldsson ( 995 – 1030), king from 1015–1028, called during his lifetime the Fat and afterwards known as Saint Olaf, was born in the year in which Olaf Tryggvesson came to Norway. ... Events August: Canute the Great invades England. ... Events Canute the Great is acclaimed king of England. ... Västergötland ( ♫) is one of the historical provinces of Sweden (landskap), situated in the southwest of Sweden. ... Ragnvald Ulfsson the Old, Jarl of Westrogothia ca 1010-1020, and later of Staraja Ladoga and Ingria. ... Ragnvald Ulfsson the Old, Jarl of Westrogothia ca 1010-1020, and later of Staraja Ladoga and Ingria. ... // Team# 1018 Pike High School Robotics Team Team #1018 FIRST Logo Check Out Our FIRST WIKI Page Events Bulgaria becomes part of the Byzantine Empire. ... Þorgnýr the Lawspeaker (Old Icelandic: Þorgnýr lögmaðr, Swedish: Torgny Lagman) is the name of one of at least three generations of lawspeakers by the name Þorgnýr. ... Ingegerd Olofsdotter, born 1001 in Sigtuna, Sweden, was the daughter of Swedish King Olof Skötkonung. ... Yaroslav I the Wise (978?-1054) (Christian name: Yury, or George) was thrice prince of Novgorod and Kiev, uniting the two principalities for a time under his rule. ... Skara is a Municipality in Västra Götaland County, in western Sweden. ... Uppland ( ) is a historical province or landskap on the eastern coast of Sweden. ... Coin minted for Anund Jakob Anund Jakob (referred to as Emund Kolbränna during his time) was King of Sweden 1022-1050. ... Kungälv is a Municipality in Västra Götaland County, in western Sweden. ... Events Toi invasion: Jurchen pirates invade Kyushu. ... Snorri Sturluson (1178 â€“ September 23, 1241) was an Icelandic historian, poet and politician. ... Husaby, near Kinnekulle, is a village in the province of Westrogothia, Sweden. ... Västergötland ( ♫) is one of the historical provinces of Sweden (landskap), situated in the southwest of Sweden. ...

Anund Jacob of Sweden, now sole king, early in his reign allied himself with Olaf II of Norway against Knut the Great, who had demanded the restitution of the rights possessed by his father King Anund, Sweyn in Norway. The allies took advantage of the Danish king’s absence to harry his land. On his return an indecisive battle was fought at Helgeå, and Anund returned to Sweden. Olaf was driven from Norway by the Danes, but returning in 1030 he raised a small army in Sweden and marched through Jämtland to Trondheim only to meet his death at the Battle of Stiklestad. After death he was worshipped in Sweden, especially in Götaland. We hear from Adam of Bremen that Anund was young in years but old in wisdom and cunning; he was called Kolbränna because he had the houses of evildoers burnt. Like Olof Skötkonung he caused coins to be struck at Sigtuna, of which a few remain. The coins of Anund surpass all that were struck during the next two centuries. He appears to have died about 1050, according to Adam of Bremen. He was succeeded by his brother Emund the Old, who Emund the had been previously passed over because, his mother was unfree, the daughter of a Slav prince and captured in war. This king had become a Christian, but soon quarrelled with Adalhard, archbishop of Bremen, and endeavoured to secure the independence of the Church of Sweden, which was not obtained for another century. Emund, who was given the name Slemme, had territorial disputes with Denmark in the early part of his reign. These disputes were settled by a rectification of boundaries, which assigned Blekinge to Denmark. Coin minted for Anund Jakob Anund Jakob (referred to as Emund Kolbränna during his time) was King of Sweden 1022-1050. ... Olaf II Haraldsson (995 – July 29, 1030), king from 1015–1028, (known during his lifetime as the Stout and after his canonization as Saint Olaf), was born in the year in which Olaf Tryggvasson came to Norway. ... Canute (or Cnut) I, or Canute the Great (Danish Knud den Store) (994/995 - November 12, 1035) was king of England, Denmark and Norway and governor or overlord of Schleswig and Pomerania. ... HelgeÃ¥ is a river, which runs through Kristianstad and out to the Hanöbukten, in the Baltic Sea. ... Events July 29 - Battle of Stiklestad in Norway. ... (help· info), is a historical province or landskap in the center of Sweden. ... County Sør-Trøndelag District Municipality NO-1601 Administrative centre Trondheim Mayor (2005) Rita Ottervik (A) Official language form Neutral Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 258 342 km² 322 km² 0. ... The Battle of Stiklestad (Old Norse Stiklarstaðir) in 1030 is one of the most famous battles in the history of Norway. ... Götaland Maps of Swedens historical three lands, and Österland in Finland. ... Adam of Bremen (also: Adam Bremensis) was one of the most important German medieval chroniclers. ... Sigtuna is a city in central Sweden in the metropolitan area of Stockholm. ... Emund the Old (king of Sweden 1050-1060) was an illegitimate son of Olof Skötkonung. ... The Archbishopric of Bremen was an ecclesiastical state in the Holy Roman Empire. ... Bishop Lennart Koskinen with some young people. ... Blekinge is the name of a geographical region in Sweden which can refer to: Blechingia, or Blekinge - a historical Province of Sweden Blekinge County, or Blekinge län - a current County of Sweden This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same...

With the death of Emund, which took place in 1060, the old family of Swedish kings dies out. The successor of Emund the Old was a king Stenkil who had married the daughter of his predecessor. He was the son of a certain Ragnvald, perhaps connected with Västergötland's Ragnvald, of the reign of Olaf Skötkonung. Stenkil was born in Västergötland and was warmly attached to the Christian religion. The Adalhard who had quarrelled with Emund the Old now sent a bishop, Adalhard the younger, to Skara. Christianity was by this time firmly established throughout most of Sweden, its chief strength being in Västergötland. The Uplanders, however, still held out against it, and Adalhard, though he succeeded in destroying the idols in his own province Västergötland, was unable to persuade Stenkil to destroy the old sanctuary at Uppsala. During his reign grants of land in Värmland made by the king to the Norwegian earl Haakon Ivarsson led to a successful invasion of Götaland by Harold Hardrada of Norway. Stenkil also had disputes with Denmark. On his death in 1066 a civil war broke out in which the leaders were two obscure princes named Eric. Probably the division of feeling between Västergötland and Upland in the matter of religion was the real cause of this war, but nothing is known of the details, though we hear that both kings as well as the chief men of the land fell in it. Events May - The Norman leader Robert Guiscard conquers Taranto. ... Stenkil (Old Norse Steinkel) (1028–1066) was a Jarl and King of Sweden from 1060 to his death. ... Västergötland ( ♫) is one of the historical provinces of Sweden (landskap), situated in the southwest of Sweden. ... Ragnvald Ulfsson the Old, Jarl of Westrogothia ca 1010-1020, and later of Staraja Ladoga and Ingria. ... Skara is a Municipality in Västra Götaland County, in western Sweden. ... Uppsala (older spelling Upsala) 59°51′ N 17°38′ E is a Swedish City in central Sweden, located about 70 km north of Stockholm. ... â–¶(?) is a historical province or landskap in the west of middle Sweden. ... Götaland Maps of Swedens historical three lands, and Österland in Finland. ... Events January 6 - Harold II is crowned September 20 - Battle of Fulford September 25 - Battle of Stamford Bridge September 29 - William of Normandy lands in England at Pevensey. ...

A prince called Haakon the Red now appears as king of Sweden and is said to have occupied the throne for thirteen years. In the Västergötland regnal lists he appears Haakon the before Stenkil and it is possible that the authority of that king was not regularly acknowledged in the province. In 1081 we find the sons of Stenkil, Ingold I and Halsten, reigning. Inge’s attachment to Christianity caused him to be expelled after a short time by his brother-in-law Blot-Sweyn from his revival of the old sacrifices. Sweyn retained Inge and the kingship only for three years. After that Blotsweyn interval Inge returned and slew him, and his fall marks the final overthrow of the old religion. The interesting account of Uppsala preserved by Adam of Bremen in his History (iv. 26) apparently dates from the period immediately preceding these events. He describes the temple at Uppsala as one of great splendour and covered with gilding. The Swedes rebelled against the Anund Gårdske because he did not want to worship the Norse gods and Håkan the Red became king, 1070-1079, although he was a Christian. ... Västergötland ( ♫) is one of the historical provinces of Sweden (landskap), situated in the southwest of Sweden. ... Events Corfu taken from Byzantine Empire by Robert Guiscard, Italy Byzantine emperor Nicephorus III is overthrown by Alexius I Comnenus, ending the Middle Byzantine period and beginning the Comnenan dynasty Alexius I helps defend Albania from the Normans (the first recorded mention of Albania), but is defeated at the Battle... Inge Stenkilsson (king 1079–1084 (?) and 1087–1105) ruled with his half-brother Haakon the Red, until Haakon died, in 1080. ... Halsten Stenkilsson was king of Sweden for a short time, 1067-1070, before he was deposed, according to Adam of Bremen. ... Blot-Sven (king 1084-1087) ousted his brother-in-law Inge from Svealand, when he had refused to administer the sacrifices at the Temple at Uppsala, in ca 1080. ... Uppsala (older spelling Upsala) 59°51′ N 17°38′ E is a Swedish City in central Sweden, located about 70 km north of Stockholm. ... Adam of Bremen (also: Adam Bremensis) was one of the most important German medieval chroniclers. ... The Temple at Uppsala was a temple in Gamla Uppsala (Old Uppsala), near modern Uppsala, Sweden, that was created to worship the Norse gods of ancient times. ...

After the introduction of Christianity the importance of Uppsala began steadily to decline, and the kings no longer made it their residence. It did however become the seat for the Swedish Archbishop in 1164; a cathedral was built on the place for the temple where the relics of the Swedish King and national saint Eric where kept. The Patriarchal cross The Archbishops Palace in Uppsala, designed in the 18th century by the architect Carl HÃ¥rleman, but built on older foundations. ... // Events Count Henry I of Champagne marries Marie de Champagne. ... A relic is an object, especially a piece of the body or a personal item of someone of religious significance, carefully preserved with an air of veneration as a tangible memorial, Relics are an important aspect of Buddhism, some denominations of Christianity, Hinduism, shamanism, and many other personal belief systems. ... Categories: Stub | Assassinated people | Saints | Swedish monarchs ...

Map of Sweden 1219 (purple)

King Sverker I of Sweden (1134-1155), the grandson of Blotsweyn, is said to have permanently integrated Götaland with Sweden or Svealand, with each of the two nations supplying the common king alternately for the next hundred years. Sweden began to feel the advantage of a centralized monarchical government. Eric the Saint (1150-1160) organized the Church of Sweden on the model prevalent elsewhere. According to a later legend he undertook a "crusade" against the heathen Finns, marking the beginning of Sweden's overseas endeavors. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1500x1754, 51 KB) The realms of Denmark, Norway, Sweden and the Sword Brethren. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1500x1754, 51 KB) The realms of Denmark, Norway, Sweden and the Sword Brethren. ... Sverker I Kolson or Sverker the Elder (died c. ... Events Baalbeck taken by Genghis Khan House of Brandenburg begins when Albrecht the Bear is made head of the Nordmark St. ... Events Frederick I Barbarossa crowned Holy Roman Emperor. ... Götaland Maps of Swedens historical three lands, and Österland in Finland. ... Coat of Arms of Stockholm, depicting Eric IX of Sweden Eric IX of Sweden (or Erik the Lawgiver or Eric the Saint. ... Events Åhus, Sweden gains city privileges City of Airdrie, Scotland founded King Sverker I of Sweden is deposed and succeeded by Eric IX of Sweden. ... Events Erik den helige is succeeded by Karl Sverkersson. ... Bishop Lennart Koskinen with some young people. ...

The greatest medieval statesman of Sweden, and one of the principal architects of its rise as a nation, was Birger Jarl, who practically ruled the land from 1248 to 1266. He is today reverred as the founder of Stockholm and as the creator of national legislations. His wise reforms prepared the way for the abolition of serfdom. The increased respect - and power - which the royals owed to Birger Jarl was still further extended by his son, King Magnus Ladulås (1275-1290). Both these rulers, by the institution of separate and almost independent duchies, attempted to introduce into Sweden a feudal system similar to that already established elsewhere in Europe; the danger of thus weakening the realm by partition was averted, though not without violent and tragic complications by the opponents, the Folkung pary. Unfortunately, the term Folkung also later referred to Earl Birgers descendants, forming the royal Folkung dynasty. Finally, in 1319, the severed portions of Sweden were once more reunited. Birger jarl â–¶(?) (English: Earl Birger), full name Birger Magnusson of Bjälbo (1210 – October 21, 1266), was a Swedish statesman and the founder of Stockholm. ... Events Louis IX of France departs on the Seventh Crusade for Egypt Kingdom of Castile captures city of Seville from Muslims Cologne cathedral: old cathedral burns down April 30; foundation stone to current cathedral laid August 15 Births Deaths January 4 - King Sancho II of Portugal, in exile in Toledo... For broader historical context, see 1260s and 13th century. ... Stockholm panorama from the City Hall is the capital of Sweden, located on the south east coast of Sweden. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Seal of Magnus I Magnus I of Sweden (1240 – 1290), often called LadulÃ¥s: Barnlock, was king of Sweden from 1275/1280 until his death in 1290. ... Events Eleanor de Montfort is captured by pirates in the employ of Edward I of England to prevent her marriage to Llywelyn the Last, prince of Jews over the age of 7 to wear the yellow badge and makes usury illegal Jean de Meun writes the second portion of the... For broader historical context, see 1290s and 13th century. ... Coat of arms of Folkung family In modern Swedish, Folkung has two meanings, which appear to be opposites: The noble (royal) clan of some Folkungar, later named Folkungaätten (ätt means clan), who in effect introduced inheritance of the throne during the 12th century. ... Coat of arms of Folkung family In modern Swedish, Folkung has two meanings, which appear to be opposites: The noble (royal) clan of some Folkungar, later named Folkungaätten (ätt means clan), who in effect introduced inheritance of the throne during the 12th century. ... Events Magnus VII ascends the throne of Norway and unites the country with Sweden. ...

The formation of separate orders, or estates, was promoted by Magnus Ladulås, who extended the privileges of the clergy and founded a nobility (Ordinance of Alsnö, 1280). In connection with this institution we now hear of a heavily armed cavalry as the kernel of the national army. The knights (new nobles and Burghers) became distinguishable from the higher nobility. To this period belongs the rise of a prominent burgess class, as the towns now began to acquire charters. At the end of the 13th century, and the beginning of the 14th, provincial codes of laws appear and the king and his council executed legislative functions. The Lords and Barons prove their Nobility by hanging their Banners and exposing their Coats-of-arms at the door of the Lodge of the Heralds. ... For broader historical context, see 1280s and 13th century. ... (12th century - 13th century - 14th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. ... This 14th-century statue from south India depicts the gods Shiva (on the left) and Uma (on the right). ... The provinces or landskap were the subdivisions of Sweden until 1634, when they were replaced by the counties of Sweden (län). ... The Swedish Senate: Riksrådet, from 1809 Statsrådet, from 1975 Regeringen was and is the principal government institution of Sweden The Swedish Senate, Senatus Regni Sueciae, originated as a council of Regional Magnates acting as advisers to the Monarch of the combined Realms of the Swedes (from 996, approximately). ...

The first union of Sweden and Norway

The first union between Sweden and Norway occurred in 1319 when the three-year-old Magnus, son of the Swedish royal Duke Eric and of the Norwegian princess Ingeborg, inherited the throne of Norway from his grandfather Haakon V and in the same year was elected King of Sweden, by the Convention of Oslo. The boy king's long minority weakened the royal influence in both countries, and Magnus lost both his kingdoms before his death. The Swedes, irritated by his misrule, superseded him by his nephew, Albert of Mecklenburg in 1365. In Sweden, Magnus partialities and necessities led directly to the rise of a powerful landed aristocracy, and, indirectly, to the growth of popular liberties. Forced by the unruliness of the magnates to lean upon the middle classes, in 1359 the king summoned the first Swedish Riksdag, on which occasion representatives from the towns were invited to appear along with the nobles and clergy. His successor, Albert, was forced to go a step farther and, in 1371, to take the first coronation oath. Events Magnus VII ascends the throne of Norway and unites the country with Sweden. ... Sigillum ad causas for Magnus II of Sweden Magnus II Ericson, Magnus VII of Norway, (1316 – December 1, 1377), King of Sweden, Norway, and Terra Scania, son of Duke Eric Magnusson of Sweden and Ingeborg, daughter of Haakon V of Norway. ... Ingeborg is a Scandinavian name carried by many prominent women in Scandinavian history and mythology, including: The daughter of the Norwegian king Beli, in Friðþjófs saga ins frœkna. ... Burial site of Håkon V in Oslo Haakon V Magnusson (1270 - May 8, 1319) was king of Norway from 1299 until 1319. ... Albert of Mecklenburg or Albrekt av Mecklenburg (appr. ... Events Foundation of the University of Vienna Births John de Ros, 6th Baron de Ros (died 1394) Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk (died 1399) Deaths May 17 - Louis VI the Roman, elector of Brandenburg (born 1328) July 27 - Duke Rudolf IV of Austria (born 1339) Categories: 1365 ... Events Change of emperor of the Ottoman Empire from Orhan I (1326-1359) to Murad I (1359-1389) Berlin joins the Hanseatic League. ... The Riksdag or Sveriges Riksdag is the Parliament of Sweden. ... Events End of the reign of Emperor Go-Kogon of Japan, fourth of the Northern Ashikaga Pretenders Start of the reign of Emperor Go-Enyu of Japan, fifth and last of the Northern Ashikaga Pretenders Charterhouse Carthusian Monastery founded in Aldersgate, London. ...

Kalmar Union

See also: Kalmar Union The Kalmar Union flag. ...

In 1388, at the request of the Swedes themselves, Albert was driven out by Queen Margaret of Denmark and at a convention of the representatives of the three Scandinavian kingdoms (held at Kalmar in 1397), Margaret's great-nephew, Eric of Pomerania, was elected the common king, although the liberties of each of the three realms were expressly reserved and confirmed. The union was to be a personal, not a political union. Neither Margaret herself nor her successors observed the stipulation that in each of the three kingdoms only natives should hold land and high office, and the efforts first of Denmark (at that time by far the strongest member of the union) to impose her will on the Union's weaker kingdoms soon produced a rupture, or rather a series of semi-ruptures. The Swedes first broke away from it in 1434 under the popular leader Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson, and after his murder they elected Karl Knutsson Bonde their king under the title of Charles VIII, 1436. In 1441 Charles VIII had to abdicate in favour of Christopher of Bavaria, who was already king of Denmark and Norway; however, upon the death of Christopher in 1448, a state of confusion ensued in the course of which Charles VIII was twice reinstated and twice expelled again. Finally, on his death in 1470, the three kingdoms were reunited under Christian II of Denmark, the prelates and higher nobility of Sweden being favourable to the union, though the great majority of the Swedish people always detested it as a foreign usurpation. The national party was represented by the three great Riksföreståndare, or Viceroyalty, of the Sture family who, with brief intervals, successively defended the independence of Sweden against the Danish kings from 1470 to 1520 and thus kept the nation's spirit alive. But the viceroyalty was too casual and anomalous an institution to rally the nation around it permanently, and when the tyranny of Christian II became intolerable the Swedish people elected Gustavus Eriksson Vasa, who as viceroy had already driven out the Danes, king of Sweden at Strängnäs on June 6, 1523. Events Beginning of prosecution of Lollards in England The Battle of Otterburn between England and Scotland A Chinese army under Xu Da sacks Karakorum Births September 14 - Claudius Claussön Swart, Danish geographer September 29 - Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence, second son of Henry IV of England (d. ... Margaret has been a favourite name for princesses and queens in Denmark. ... Scandinavia is a region in Northern Europe named after the Scandinavian Peninsula. ... Kalmar is a city in SmÃ¥land in south east Sweden, situated by the Baltic Sea. ... Events February 10 - John Beaufort becomes Earl of Somerset. ... Eric of Pomerania Eric of Pomerania, Erik af Pommern, Erik VII (Danish title), Erik av Pommern (Eirik III) (Norwegian title) or Erik av Pommern (Eric XIII) (Swedish title), was adopted by Margaret I of Denmark and became the hereditary king of Norway (1389 – 1440), elected king of Denmark (1412 – 1439... Events May 30, Battle of Lipany in the Hussite Wars Jan van Eyck paints the wedding of Giovanni Arnoflini The Honorable Passing of Arms at the bridge of Obrigo The Portuguese reach Cape Bojador in Western Sahara. ... Late 19th century model for a statue of Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson to be placed in Örebro; no contemporary image of Engelbrekt is known Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson (1390s – May 4, 1436) was a Swedish statesman and rebel leader. ... Charles VIII of Sweden, Charles I of Norway, or Karl Knutsson (Bonde), king of Sweden (1448 – 1457, 1464 – 1465 and from 1467 to his death in 1470); king of Norway (1449 – 1450). ... Events April - Paris is recaptured by the French End of the Hussite Wars in Bohemia. ... This page is about the year 1441. ... Christopher of Bavaria, known by his Danish and Norwegian title as Christoffer (III) af/av Bayern and by his Swedish title as Kristofer av Bayern (26 February 1418-6 January 1448) was union king of Denmark and Norway (1440-1448), and of Sweden (1441-1448). ... Events January 5/ 6 - Christopher of Bavaria, Norway and Sweden dies with no designated heir leaving all three kingdoms with vacant thrones. ... Events May 15 - Charles VIII of Sweden who had served three terms as King of Sweden dies. ... Christian II (July 2, 1481 – January 25, 1559) was a Danish monarch and King of Denmark, Norway (1513 – 1523) and Sweden (1520 – 1521), under the Kalmar Union. ... A viceroy is a royal official who governs a country or province in the name of and as representative of the monarch. ... Sture was the name an influential family in Sweden from the late 15th century to the early 16th century. ... Events May 15 - Charles VIII of Sweden who had served three terms as King of Sweden dies. ... mary elline m. ... Gustav I of Sweden, Gustav Vasa or Gustav Eriksson Vasa (1496 - 1560), became king of Sweden in 1523 and was the first monarch of the house of Vasa. ... Strängnäs is a Municipality in Södermanland County, in central Sweden, located by Lake Mälaren. ... June 6 is the 157th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (158th in leap years), with 208 days remaining. ... Events April - Battle of Villalar - Forces loyal to Emperor Charles V defeat the Comuneros, a league of urban bourgeois rebelling against Charles in Spain. ...

See also

• Provinces of Sweden
• History of Scandinavia

The provinces or landskap were the subdivisions of Sweden until 1634, when they were replaced by the counties of Sweden (län). ... The history of Scandinavia is the common history of the Scandinavian countries— Denmark, Norway and Sweden. ...

References

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.
• Nationalencyklopedin