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The Earth Simulator (ES) was the fastest supercomputer in the world from 2002 to 2004. The system was developed for NASDA, JAERI, and JAMSTEC in 1997 for running global climate models to evaluate the effects of global warming and problems in solid earth geophsyics. A supercomputer is a computer that led the world in terms of processing capacity, particularly speed of calculation, at the time of its introduction. ...
The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency ), or JAXA, is Japans national aerospace agency. ...
1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
General Circulation Models (GCMs) are a class of computer-driven models for weather forecasting and predicting climate change, where they are commonly called Global Climate Models. ...
The net impact of global warming so far has been modest, but near-future effects are likely to become significantly negative, with large-scale extreme impacts possible by the end of the century. ...
It has been able to run holistic simulations of global climate in both the atmosphere and the oceans down to a resolution of 10 km. Holism (from holos, a Greek word meaning all, entire, total) is the idea that all the properties of a given system (biological, chemical, social, economic, mental, linguistic, etc. ...
Layers of Atmosphere - not to scale (NOAA)[3] Earths atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding the planet Earth and retained by the Earths gravity. ...
Animated map exhibiting the worlds oceanic waters. ...
Located at the Earth Simulator Center (ESC) in Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan, the computer is capable of 35.86 trillion (35,860,000,000,000) floating-point calculations per second, or 35.86 TFLOPS. Kanazawa-ku (Japanese:金沢区;-ku) is a ward located in the southernmost part of Yokohama-shi (Japanese:横浜市;-shi), newly established from Isogo-ku in May, 1948. ...
For a tire company, known by Yokohama Tyre, see Yokohama Rubber Company. ...
Kanagawa Prefecture ) is a prefecture located in the southern KantŠregion of Honshū, Japan. ...
One million million (1,000,000,000,000) is the natural number following 999,999,999,999 and preceding 1,000,000,000,001. ...
This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...
Look up second in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Built by NEC, the ES is based on their SX-6 architecture. It consists of 640 nodes with eight vector processors and 16 gibibytes of computer memory at each node, for a total of 5120 processors and 10 tebibytes of memory. Two nodes are installed per 1 metre x 1.4 metre x 2 metre cabinet. Each cabinet consumes 20 kW of power. The system has 700 terabytes of disk storage (450 for the system and 250 for the users) and 1.6 petabytes of mass storage in tape drives. The ES is almost five times faster than ASCI White. NEC Corporation is a multi-national information technologies company headquarterd in Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan. ...
The SX-6 supercomputer, built by NEC; shown here in the version licensed to Cray for sale in the United States. ...
A vector processor, or array processor, is a CPU design that is able to run mathematical operations on multiple data elements simultaneously. ...
A gibibyte is a unit of information or computer storage. ...
The terms storage (U.K.) or memory (U.S.) refer to the parts of a digital computer that retain physical state (data) for some interval of time, possibly even after electrical power to the computer is turned off. ...
Die of an Intel 80486DX2 microprocessor (actual size: 12×6. ...
A tebibyte is a unit of information or computer storage, commonly abbreviated TiB. 1 tebibyte = 240 bytes = 1,099,511,627,776 bytes The tebibyte is closely related to the terabyte, which can either be a synonym for tebibyte, or refer to 1012 bytes = 1,000,000,000,000 bytes...
The metre or meter is a measure of length. ...
This article is about a measurement term for data storage capacity. ...
Disk storage is a group of data storage mechanisms for computers; data are transferred to planar surfaces or disks for temporary or permanent storage. ...
A petabyte (derived from the SI prefix peta- ) is a unit of information or computer storage equal to one quadrillion bytes. ...
In computing, mass storage is the use of devices specifically designed for the storage of large amounts of data which may, or may not, be needed immediately. ...
DDS tape drive. ...
IBM ASCI White is a supercomputer at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California. ...
Construction started in October 1999, was completed by February 2002, and the site officially opened on March 11, 2002. The project cost 7.2 billion yen. Year 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar). ...
March 11 is the 70th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (71st in leap years). ...
For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ...
One thousand million (1,000,000,000) is the natural number following 999,999,999 and preceding 1,000,000,001. ...
Japanese 10 yen coin (obverse) showing Phoenix Hall of Byodoin Yen is the currency used in Japan. ...
Earth Simulator's capacity was surpassed by IBM's Blue Gene/L prototype on September 29, 2004. International Business Machines Corporation (known as IBM or Big Blue; NYSE: IBM) is a multinational computer technology and consulting corporation headquartered in Armonk, New York, USA. The company is one of the few information technology companies with a continuous history dating back to the 19th century. ...
A BlueGene/L cabinet Blue Gene is a computer architecture project designed to produce several next-generation supercomputers, designed to reach operating speeds in the petaflops range, and currently reaching sustained speeds over 360 teraflops. ...
September 29 is the 272nd day of the year (273rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
shelby was here 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The ESC has several special features that help to protect the computer from natural disasters or occurrences. A wire nest hangs over the building which helps to protect from lightning. The nest itself uses high-voltage shielded cables to release lightning current into the ground. A special light propagation system utilizes halogen lamps, installed outside of the shielded machine room walls, to prevent any magnetic interference from reaching the computers. The building is constructed on a seismic isolation system, composed of rubber supports, that protect the building during earthquakes. In electricity, current refers to electric current, which is the flow of electric charge. ...
Seismology (from the Greek seismos = earthquake and logos = word) is the scientific study of earthquakes and the propagation of elastic waves through the Earth. ...
The ES OS operating system is based on SUPER-UX. SUPER-UX, sometimes spelled SuperUx, is the UNIX-like operating system that is used on the Cray/NEC SX architecture supercomputers. ...
See also
Attribution of recent climate change is the problem of discovering what mechanisms are responsible for observed changes in the Earths climate. ...
The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), in Boulder, Colorado, was established in 1960 to serve as a focus for United States research on atmospheric and related science problems, including climate change, atmospheric chemistry, changes in atmospheric composition, mesoscale and microscale meteorology, Earth-Sun interactions, weather formation and forecasting, and...
HadCM3 (Hadley Centre Coupled Model, version 3) is a coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) developed at the Hadley Centre in the United Kingdom and described by Gordon et al (2000) and Pope et al (2000). ...
EdGCM is an educational version of a global climate model (GCM) that has been ported for use on desktop computers and integrated with a relational database, a graphical user interface, and scientific visualization utllities, all of which are aimed at helping improve the quality of teaching and learning of climate...
References - Sato, Tetsuya. "The Earth Simulator: Roles and Impacts". Nuclear Physics B Proceedings Supplements 129: pages 102-108. DOI:10.1016/S0920-5632(03)02511-8.
A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ...
External links - The Earth Simulator Center
- Time Magazine: 2002 Best Inventions
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