 The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, also known as the Earth Summit (or, in Portuguese, Eco '92) was a major conference held in Rio de Janeiro from June 3 to June 14, 1992. It was unprecedented for a United Nations conference, in terms of both its size and the scope of its concerns. Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Nations. ...
Location of Rio de Janeiro Coordinates: ] Country Brazil Region Southeast State Rio de Janeiro Mayor Cesar Maia (PFL) Area - City 1,260 km² Population - City (2005) 5,613,000 [1] - Density 4. ...
June 3 is the 154th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (155th in leap years), with 211 days remaining. ...
June 14 is the 165th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (166th in leap years), with 200 days remaining. ...
1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ...
The United Nations (UN) is an international organization that aims at facilitating co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, and social equity. ...
172 governments participated with 108 at level of heads of State or Government. Some 2,400 representatives of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) attended, with 17,000 people at the parallel NGO Forum, who had so-called Consultative Status. A non-governmental organization (NGO) is a non-profit group or association that acts outside of institutionalized political structures and pursues matters of interest to its members by lobbying, persuasion, or direct action. ...
Consultative Status is a phrase whose use can be traced to the founding of the United Nations and is used within the UN community to refer to Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in Consultative Status with the United Nations Economic & Social Council. ...
The issues addressed included:
- systematic scrutiny of patterns of production — particularly the production of toxic components, such as lead in gasoline, or poisonous waste
- alternative sources of energy to replace the use of fossil fuels which are linked to global climate change
- new reliance on public transportation systems in order to reduce vehicle emissions, congestion in cities and the health problems caused by polluted air and smog
- the growing scarcity of water
An important achievement was an agreement on the Climate Change Convention which in turn led to the Kyoto Protocol. Another was agreement to "not carry out any activities on the lands of indigenous peoples that would cause environmental degradation or that would be culturally inappropriate". The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an international environmental treaty produced at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), informally known as the Earth Summit, held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. ...
Kyoto Protocol Opened for signature December 11, 1997 in Kyoto, Japan Entered into force February 16, 2005. ...
The term has no universal, standard or fixed definition. ...
The Convention on Biological Diversity was opened for signature at the Earth Summit, and made a start towards redefinition of money supply measures that did not inherently encourage destruction of natural ecoregions and so-called uneconomic growth. The Convention on Biological Diversity is an international treaty that was adopted at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. ...
The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ...
An ecoregion is a relatively large area of land or water that contains a geographically distinct assemblage of natural communities. ...
Uneconomic growth, in welfare economics, human development theory and some forms of ecological economics, is economic growth which reflects or creates a decline in human well-being. ...
The Earth Summit resulted in the following documents:
Both Convention on Biological Diversity and Framework Convention on Climate Change were set as legally binding agreements. The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, often shortened to Rio Declaration, was a short document produced at the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), informally known as the Earth Summit. ...
Agenda 21 is a program of the United Nations (UN) related to sustainable development. ...
The Convention on Biological Diversity is an international treaty that was adopted at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. ...
The Forest Principles is the informal name given to the Non-Legally Binding Authoritative Statement of Principles for a Global Consensus on the Management, Conservation and Sustainable Development of All Types of Forests, a document produced at the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), informally known as...
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an international environmental treaty produced at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), informally known as the Earth Summit, held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. ...
In addition to the official documents at the Earth Summit, a set of NGO Alternative Treaties were developed under the auspices of the International NGO Forum. [5]
Further development and implementation these issues was undertaken by various entities within the UN:
At its close, Maurice Strong, the Conference Secretary-General, called the Summit a "historic moment for humanity". Although Agenda 21 had been weakened by compromise and negotiation, he said, it was still the most comprehensive and, if implemented, effective programme of action ever sanctioned by the international community. Contents // Categories: Stub | United Nations specialized agencies | Sustainability | Development ...
The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is the largest multilateral source of grant technical assistance in the world. ...
Klaus Töpfer, UNEP Exec. ...
United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) is an agency of the United Nations with the mission of helping countries pursue sustainable industrial development, it is a specialist in industrial affairs. ...
The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) was established in 1964 as a permanent intergovernmental body, UNCTAD is the principal organ of the United Nations General Assembly dealing with trade, investment and development issues. ...
Maurice F. Strong, CC , OM (born April 29, 1929, in Oak Lake, Manitoba) is an industrialist and public servant who was the Secretary-General of the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), better known as the Earth Summit. ...
A large number of international organizations and other bodies have a Secretary General or Secretary-General as their chief administrative officers or in other administrative capacities. ...
The Earth Summit influenced subsequent UN conferences, which have examined the relationship between human rights, population, social development, women and human settlements — and the need for environmentally sustainable development. The World Conference on Human Rights, held in Vienna in 1993, for example, underscored the right of people to a healthy environment and the right to development — controversial demands that had met with resistance from some Member States until Rio.
Critics, however, point out that many of the agreements made in Rio have not been realized regarding such fundamental issues as fighting poverty and cleaning up the environment. Moreover, they say business leaders have used the Rio accords to greenwash their corporate image, giving the impression they have improved their behavior when in many cases this has not been the case. A boy from an East Cipinang trash dump slum in Jakarta, Indonesia shows his find. ...
Greenwash (a portmanteau of green and whitewash) is a term that environmentalists and other critics give to the activity of giving a positive public image to putatively environmentally unsound practices. ...
Other criticisms were that the format of the Summit inhibited the discussion of sustainable development by putting development and environment functions in separate compartments, and uniting trade and development concerns, rather than trade and environment concerns, as would be required if tax, tariff and trade policy were actually to be changed to accommodate environmental concerns. Sustainable development is a process of developing land, cities, business, communities, and so on that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs according to the Brundtland Report, a 1987 report from the United Nations. ...
The tax, tariff and trade laws of a political region, state or trade bloc determine which forms of consumption and production tend to be encouraged or discouraged. ...
The preparations for the Earth Summit were marked by unprecedented use of ICT as a key tool for broad-based participation of NGOs in United Nations proceedings, led by the Institute for Global Communications and the International Synergy Institute with the full support of the UNCED Secretariat and set the stage for the subsequent adoption of ICT as the de facto medium for NGO communications. The initialism ICT has several meanings: abbreviation for Information and Communication Technology abbreviation for Indochina Time UTC+7 hours Inverness Caledonian Thistle F.C., a football team playing in Scottish Premier League International Computers and Tabulators, former name of a British computer industry company Information and Communications Technology intra-company...
The Institute for Global Communications or IGC Internet is an institution that provides Internet presence for groups deemed progressive for example, the Andrea Dworkin archive. ...
See also The Brundtland Commission - formally the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED), known by the name of its Chair Gro Harlem Brundtland, was convened by the United Nations in response to the 1983 General Assembly Resolution A/38/161 - Process of preparation of the Environmental Perspective to the Year 2000...
Earth Charter logo The Earth Charter is a declaration of fundamental values and principles for building a just, sustainable, and peaceful global society in the 21st century. ...
The World Summit on Sustainable Development, or Earth Summit took place in Johannesburg, South Africa from August 26 to September 4, 2002 to discuss sustainable development issues. ...
Habitat II - the Second United Nations Conference on Human Settlements - was held in Istanbul, Turkey from June 3-14, 1996, twenty years after the 1976 Habitat conference in Vancouver [1] that had led to the establishment of the Nairobi-based United Nations Centre on Human Settlements - UN-Habitat. ...
World Ocean Day began on 8 June 1992 at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil. ...
The term new world order has been used to refer to a new period of history evidencing a dramatic change in world political thought and the balance of power. ...
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