NationMaster - Encyclopedia: East Bengal

East Bengal was the name used during two periods in the 20th century for a territory that roughly included the modern state of Bangladesh. Both instances involved the violent partition of Bengal. East Pakistan was a former province of Pakistan which existed between 1955 and 1971. ... Independent (as part of Pakistan) from British Empire - August 14, 1947 Separated from East Pakistan as Pakistan - March 26, 1971 Capital Karachi Language Urdu, English West Pakistan consisted of the western part of Pakistan from 1947 until 1971, when East Pakistan became Bangladesh and West Pakistan became the present-day... Amb was a small princely state in what is today the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan. ... The State of Bahawalpur was a princely state of the Punjab in what is now Pakistan, stretching along the southern bank of the Sutlej and Indus Rivers, with its capital city at Bahawalpur. ... The State of Chitral, or ChitrÄl, was a former princely state of Pakistan and British India which ceased to exist in 1969. ... This article details the historical State of Dir Dir, see Dir The State of Dir was a small former princely state located in the modern North-West Frontier Province in Pakistan. ... This article is about the former State of Hunza, for the main article see Hunza Valley Hunza (Urdu: ÛÙ†Ø²Û) is a former princely state in the northernmost part of the Northern Areas of Pakistan, which existed until 1974. ... The State of Kalat was a princely state located in the centre of the modern province of Balochistan. ... The State of Khayrpur was a princely state on the Indus river in what is now Pakistan, with its capital city at Khayrpur. ... The State of Kharan was an autonomous princely state of both British India and Pakistan, located in the southwest of modern Pakistan. ... The State of Las Bela was princely state of Pakistan and British India which existed until 1955. ... The State of Makran was an autonomous princely state of both British India and Pakistan, which ceased to exist in 1955. ... The State of Nagar is a former princely state in the northernmost part of the Northern Areas of Pakistan, which existed until 1974. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The State of Swat was a princely state which existed in the north of the modern North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan until it was dissolved in 1969. ... This article details the former Pakistani region of the Baluchistan States Union. ... The Gilgit Agency was an occupied province of the Maharaja of Kashmir before November 1, 1947. ... Trans-Karakoram Tract is occupied by China now, having been part of Pakistan-occupied Jammu & Kashmir until 1963, when Pakistan had handed over it to China according to the border agreement. ... The Divisions of Pakistan were previously the third tier of government in Pakistan until they were abolished in 2000. ... The East Bengal Club is an Indian football club. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the... Bengal, known as BÃ´ngo (Bengali: à¦¬à¦™à§à¦—), Bangla (à¦¬à¦¾à¦‚à¦²à¦¾), BÃ´ngodesh (à¦¬à¦™à§à¦—à¦¦à§‡à¦¶), or Bangladesh (à¦¬à¦¾à¦‚à¦²à¦¾à¦¦à§‡à¦¶) in Bangla, is a region in the northeast of South Asia. ...

First Partition, 1905–1912

Also see Indian Independence Movement Partition of Bengal, 1905 was made on 16 October 1905 by then Indian vice roy Lord Curzon. ... The Indian independence movement consisted of efforts by India to obtain political independence from British, French and Portuguese rule; it involved a wide spectrum of Indian political organizations, philosophies, and rebellions between 1857 and Indias independence on August 15, 1947. ...

The first instance of the name was during the British rule of India. British governance of large swathes of Indian territory began with Robert Clive's victory over the nawab of Bengal, Siraj-ud-Daula, at the Battle of Plassey in 1757. The victory gave the British East India Company dominion over Bengal, which became the headquarters of British administration in the sub-continent. After the Indian rebellion of 1857 (known as the "Mutiny"), the British government took direct control away from the East India Co., and established its imperial capital at Calcutta, the city founded by the Company. By 1900, the British province of Bengal constituted a huge territory, stretching from the Burmese border to deep into the Ganges valley. Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive of Plassey (September 29, 1725 - November 22, 1774) was the statesman and general who established the empire of British India. ... Bengal, known as BÃ´ngo (Bengali: à¦¬à¦™à§à¦—), Bangla (à¦¬à¦¾à¦‚à¦²à¦¾), BÃ´ngodesh (à¦¬à¦™à§à¦—à¦¦à§‡à¦¶), or Bangladesh (à¦¬à¦¾à¦‚à¦²à¦¾à¦¦à§‡à¦¶) in Bangla, is a region in the northeast of South Asia. ... MÃ®rzÃ¢ Mah. ... The Battle of Plassey (Bengali: , PÃ¢lÄshÄ«r Juddha) was a battle that took place on June 23, 1757, on the banks of the Bhagirathi River, about 150 km north of Calcutta. ... The British East India Company, sometimes referred to as John Company, was a joint-stock company which was granted an English Royal Charter by Elizabeth I on December 31, 1600, with the intent to favour trade privileges in India. ... An engraving titled Sepoy Indian troops dividing the spoils after their mutiny against British rule gives a contemporary view of events from a strictly British perspective. ... Kolkata (Bangla: (?) à¦•à¦²à¦•à¦¾à¦¤à¦¾) (formerly ) is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. ... Early morning on the Ganges The River Ganges (Ganga in Indian languages) (Devanagiri गंगा) is a major river in northern India. ...

With the assumption of Lord Curzon to the office of Governor-General of India, British India was finally put under the charge of a man who considered himself an expert in Indian affairs. Curzon, seeing the logistical problems of adminstering such a large province, proposed to divide Bengal. Bengal, henceforth, would encompass Calcutta and the western territories, roughly comprising modern West Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa. East Bengal, the new province, would roughly encompass modern Bangladesh and the northeastern states of India (then all grouped under the heading of Assam). George Nathaniel Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston (January 11, 1859 - March 20, 1925), was a conservative British statesman and sometime Viceroy of India. ... The Governor-General of India (or Governor-General and Viceroy of India) was the head of the British administration in India. ... West Bengal (Bengali: à¦ªà¦¶à§à¦šà¦¿à¦® à¦¬à¦™à§à¦—, Hindi: à¤ªà¤¶à¥à¤šà¤¿à¤® à¤¬à¤‚à¤—à¤¾à¤², Poshchim BÃ´ngo) is a state in the eastern region of India. ... For other uses, see Bihar (disambiguation). ... Orissa (Hindi: ) (2001 provisional pop. ... Assam (Assamese: à¦…à¦¸à¦®, Hindi: à¤…à¤¸à¤®; Ã”xÃ´m) is a northeastern state of India with its capital at Dispur. ...

While Curzon claimed the action was one merely founded upon administrative principles, the growing nationalist movement, which originated with the educated elite of Calcutta and the Bengali aristocracy, took the action as an attempt to cut off Bengal's Hindu intellectual leaders (based in Calcutta) from the majority Muslim agriculturalists of the east, dividing the nationalist movement along lines of class and religion. The partition of Bengal, effected in July 1905, sparked a firestorm in the nationalist movement. The partition was revoked in 1912, but it was accompanied by slicing off the non-Bengali portions of the province -- creating two additional provinces, Assam and Bihar and Orissa (both themselves further subdivided after Indian independence) -- and the shifting of the capital from Calcutta to Delhi. Assam (Assamese: à¦…à¦¸à¦®, Hindi: à¤…à¤¸à¤®; Ã”xÃ´m) is a northeastern state of India with its capital at Dispur. ... For other uses, see Bihar (disambiguation). ... Orissa (Hindi: ) (2001 provisional pop. ... It has been suggested that National Capital Territory of Delhi be merged into this article or section. ...

In the now divided Bengal, East Bengal comprised an area of 196,540 sq. miles that included 18 million Muslims and 12 million Hindus. The (old) Bengal area had 141,580 sq miles with a majority of 42 million Hindus and 9 million Muslims.

Second Partition, 1947–present

Bengal was divided into two provinces on 3rd July 1946 in preparation for the Partition of India - the Hindu-majority West Bengal and the Muslim-majority East Bengal. The two provinces each had their own Chief Minister. In August 1947 West Bengal became part of India and East Bengal became part of Pakistan. Tensions between East Bengal and the western wing of Pakistan led to the One-Unit policy. In 1955, most of the western wing was combined to form a new West Pakistan province while East Bengal became the new province of East Pakistan. This system lasted until 1971 when East Pakistan declared independence during the Liberation War of Bangladesh and the new nation of Bangladesh was formed. However Pakistan did not recognise Bangladesh until diplomatic relations were established in 1974. The Partition of Bengal in 1947 divided Bengal into the two separate entities of West Bengal belonging to India, and East Bengal belonging to Pakistan. ... Britains holdings on the Indian subcontinent were granted independence in 1947 and 1948, becoming four new independent states: India, Burma (now Myanmar), Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), and Pakistan (including East Pakistan, modern-day Bangladesh). ... West Bengal (Bengali: à¦ªà¦¶à§à¦šà¦¿à¦® à¦¬à¦™à§à¦—, Hindi: à¤ªà¤¶à¥à¤šà¤¿à¤® à¤¬à¤‚à¤—à¤¾à¤², Poshchim BÃ´ngo) is a state in the eastern region of India. ... A Chief Minister is the elected Head of Government of a state of India, a territory of Australia or a British overseas territory that has attained self-government. ... Independent (as part of Pakistan) from British Empire - August 14, 1947 Separated from East Pakistan as Pakistan - March 26, 1971 Capital Karachi Language Urdu, English West Pakistan consisted of the western part of Pakistan from 1947 until 1971, when East Pakistan became Bangladesh and West Pakistan became the present-day... East Pakistan was a former province of Pakistan which existed between 1955 and 1971. ... The Bangladesh Liberation War (two other names are also used occasionally) refers to an approximately nine month long armed conflict between current day Pakistan and Bangladesh. ...

Government

The province of East Bengal was administered by ceremonial Governor and an indirectly-elected Chief Minister. During the year from May 1954 to August 1955, executive powers were exercised by the Governor and there was no Chief Minister. A governor is a governing official, usually the executive (at least nominally, to different degrees also politically and administratively) of a non-sovereign level of government, ranking under the head of state; furthermore the title applies to officials with a similar mandate as representatives of a chartered company which has... A Chief Minister is the elected Head of Government of a state of India, a territory of Australia or a British overseas territory that has attained self-government. ...

Malik Feroz Khan Noon;Prime Minister Sir Feroz Khan Noon was a politician from Pakistan. ... Iskander Mirza (November 15, 1899 - November 15, 1969) was the first President of Pakistan and held that position from 1956 until 1958. ... These are the names of Chief Justices of the Supreme Court of Pakistan. ... Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy (September 8, 1892 - December 5, 1963) was a Pakistani politician of Bengali origin who served as Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1956 until 1957, also known for his controversial role in the Direct Action day, and following riots in Bengal during the last days... Khawaja Nazimuddin Khawaja Nazimuddin (Urdu: Ø®ÙˆØ§Ø¬Û Ù†Ø§Ø¸Ù… Ø§Ù„Ø¯ÛŒÙ†) (Bengali: à¦–à¦¾à¦œà¦¾ à¦¨à¦¾à¦œà¦¿à¦®à§à¦¦à§à¦¦à§€à¦¨)(July 19, 1894 - 1964) was the second Governor-General of Pakistan, and later the second Prime Minister of Pakistan as well. ... Aga Khan III, one of the founders of the Muslim League The All India Muslim League (Urdu: Ù…Ø³Ù„Ù… Ù„ÛŒÚ¯) was a political party in British India and was the driving force behind the creation of Pakistan as a Muslim state from British India on the Indian subcontinent. ... Nurul Amin (1897 - 1974), Pakistani political figure; prime minister of Pakistan 1971-1972. ... Sher-e-Bangla (Urdu phrase meaning The Tiger of Bengal) Abul Kashem Fazlul Huq (Bangla:à¦†à¦¬à§à¦² à¦•à¦¾à¦¸à§‡à¦® à¦«à¦œà¦²à§à¦² à¦¹à¦•) (born 26 October 1873-died 27 April 1962) was a famous Bengali statesman in the first half of the 20th century. ...

See also

British India (otherwise known as The British Raj) was a historical period during which most of the Indian subcontinent, or present-day India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar, were under the colonial authority of the British Empire (Undivided India). ... West Bengal (Bengali: à¦ªà¦¶à§à¦šà¦¿à¦® à¦¬à¦™à§à¦—, Hindi: à¤ªà¤¶à¥à¤šà¤¿à¤® à¤¬à¤‚à¤—à¤¾à¤², Poshchim BÃ´ngo) is a state in the eastern region of India. ... The nation-state of Pakistan was established in 1947 as one of the two successor states of British India, yet the land and its people possess an extensive and continuous history that can be traced back to very ancient times. ...

External links

Countries in Southern Asia

Afghanistan - Bangladesh - Bhutan - India - Iran - Maldives - Nepal - Pakistan - Sri Lanka An engraving titled Sepoy Indian troops dividing the spoils after their mutiny against British rule gives a contemporary view of events from a strictly British perspective. ... Sir Syed, the founder of Aligarh movement Aligarh Movement, was the movement led by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, to educate the Muslims of the Indian subcontinent after their defeat in the freedom struggle of 1857. ... The Partition of Bengal in 1905, was made on 16 October by then Viceroy of India, Lord Curzon. ... Aga Khan III, one of the founders of the Muslim League The All India Muslim League (Urdu: Ù…Ø³Ù„Ù… Ù„ÛŒÚ¯) was a political party in British India and was the driving force behind the creation of Pakistan as a Muslim state from British India on the Indian subcontinent. ... In 1916, Mohammed Ali Jinnah a member of Indian National Congress was owned by saif aljashamy he negotiated with Muslim League to reach an agreement to pressurise British Government to have a more liberal approach to India and give Indians more authority to run their country. ... The Khilafat Movement (1919-1924) was a movement amongst the Muslims of British India (the largest single Muslim community in one geo-political entity at the time) to ensure that the British, victors of World War I, kept a promise made at the Versailles. ... The Nehru Report (1928) was a memorandum outlining a proposed new Dominion (see dominion status) constitution for India. ... Following are Fourteen Points of Mr. ... Allahabad Address was the Presidential Address by Allama Iqbal to the 25th Session of the All-India Muslim League on 29 December 1930, at Allahabad. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... Two-Nation theory is the basis of creation of todays Pakistan. ... All India Muslim League Working Committee, Lahore session, March 1940 The Lahore Resolution, later called Pakistan Resolution, is a political statement adopted by the All India Muslim League on 23 March 1940. ... The British Cabinet Mission of 1946 to India aimed to discuss and finalize plans for the transfer of power from the British Raj to Indian leadership, providing India with independence under Dominion status in the Commonwealth of Nations. ... 1. ... The Quran The Objectives Resolution states that the future constitution of Pakistan would be modeled on the ideology and democratic faith of Islam. ... Sir Syed Ahmed Khan (1817 - 1898) Syed Ahmad Khan Bahadur (Urdu:Ø³ÛŒØ¯ Ø§ØÙ…Ø¯ Ø®Ø§Ù† Ø¨ÛØ§ Ø¯Ø± ) (October 17, 1817, Delhi - March 27, 1898, Aligarh), was an Indian Muslim educator, jurist, and author, who led the Aligarh Movement which resulted in the formation of the Muhammedan Anglo-Oriental College, later to blossom into the Aligarh Muslim... Sir Dr Muhammad Iqbal Sir Muhammad Iqbal (Urdu: Ù…ØÙ…Ø¯ Ø§Ù‚Ø¨Ø§Ù„, Hindi: à¤®à¥à¤¹à¤®à¥à¤®à¤¦ à¤‡à¤•à¤¬à¤¾à¤²) (November 9, 1877â€“April 21, 1938) was an Indian Muslim poet, philosopher and politician, whose poetry in Persian and Urdu is regarded as one of the greatest in modern times. ... Office: 1st Governor-General of Pakistan Term of office: August 14, 1947 â€“ September 11, 1948 Succeeded by: Khawaja Nazimuddin Date of birth: December 25, 1876 Place of birth: Wazir Mansion, Karachi Wives: Emibai (1892â€“1893), Rattanbai Petit (1918â€“1929) Children: daughter Dina Wadia Date of Death: September 11, 1948 Place... Liaquat Ali Khan Liaquat Ali Khan Nawabzaada Khan Liaquat Ali Khan (October 1, 1896 â€“ October 16, 1951) was the first Prime Minister of Pakistan. ... Majlis-e-Ittihad-ul-Muslimeen was formed by Muhammad Bahadur Khan to unite various Islamic sects for the solution of their problems within the principle of Islam and to protect the economic, social and educational interests of the Muslims. ... Abdur Rab Nishtar Sardar Abdur Rab Nishtar (13 June 1899 - 14th February 1958) Muslim League stalwart and Pakstan movement activist Sardar Nishtar was born in Peshawar, NWFP. He completed his early education mission school and later Sanatan Dharram High School in Peshawar. ... Fatima Jinnah (ÙØ§Ø·Ù…Û Ø¬Ù†Ø§Ø) was the sister of Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan and an active political figure in freedom movement against British Raj. ... Choudhary Rahmat Ali Choudhary Rahmat Ali (1895 - February 12, 1951) was the reactionary founder of the Pakistan National Movement, and was an early proponent of the formation of Pakistan. ... Note : Do not confuse with Ahmadi Maulana Muhammad Ali , Muhammad Ali ,the Muslim boxer or any other people named Muhammad Ali : Muhammad Ali (disambiguation) Muhammad Ali Jouhar Maulana Mohammad Ali (1878 - 1931), also addressed with the suffix Jauhar, which was his pen name, was an Indian Muslim nationalist and leader... Maulana Shaukat Ali (Born in 1873) is an Indian nationalist Muslim and freedom fighter. ... Zafar Ali Khan Maulana Zafar Ali Khan (1873â€“1956), was a writer, poet, and journalist who took an important part in Pakistan Movement. ... Maulana Hasrat Mohani (1875-1951) was an Indian romantic poet of Urdu language. ... Khawaja Nazimuddin Khawaja Nazimuddin (Urdu: Ø®ÙˆØ§Ø¬Û Ù†Ø§Ø¸Ù… Ø§Ù„Ø¯ÛŒÙ†) (Bengali: à¦–à¦¾à¦œà¦¾ à¦¨à¦¾à¦œà¦¿à¦®à§à¦¦à§à¦¦à§€à¦¨)(July 19, 1894 - 1964) was the second Governor-General of Pakistan, and later the second Prime Minister of Pakistan as well. ... Abdul Qayyum Khan Khan Abdul Qayyum Khan (nicknamed the Lion of the Frontier by his supporters) was a major figure in Pakistan politics, in particular in the North West Frontier Province where he served as deputy speaker, Chief Minister and Minister in the Central Government as well as Federal Interior... Ziauddin Ahmad Suleri (1913-1999) was a notable journalist and writer from Pakistan. ... Hameed Nizami - Founding editor of Nawa-i-Waqt Hameed Nizami (October 3, 1915 - 1962) was an eminent journalist from Pakistan. ... Altaf Husain - Fouding editor of Dawn Altaf Husain was an eminent journalist from Pakistan. ... Muhammad Yusuf Khan Khattak (18 November 1917 â€“ 29 July 1991) was a Pakistan movement activist . ... This is an alphabetical list of the sovereign states of the world, including both de jure and de facto independent states. ... South Asia is a southern geopolitical region of the Asian continent comprising territories on and in proximity to the Indian subcontinent. ...

Encyclopedia > East Bengal

Contents

First Partition, 1905–1912

Second Partition, 1947–present

Government

See also

External links