The East End of London, known locally as the East End, is an area, with no formal authority or boundaries, that spans a number of administative districts of London in England. London (pronounced ) is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom. ... Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital London Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Government Constitutional monarchy  - Queen Queen Elizabeth II  - Prime Minister Tony Blair MP Unification    - by Athelstan AD 927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq...

Origin and scope of the name

The term East End was first applied to the districts immediately to the east of, and entirely outside, the mediaeval walled City of London. These included Whitechapel and Stepney. By the late 19th century the East End roughly corresponded to the metropolitan boroughs of Stepney, Bethnal Green, Poplar and Shoreditch, which correspond to the modern boroughs of Tower Hamlets and part of Hackney. The East End is an informal designation, and has no fixed boundaries, but it is however to the north of the River Thames. The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... Coat of arms The City of London is a small area in Greater London. ... Whitechapel is a place in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, United Kingdom. ... Stepney is a place in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. ... A Metropolitan Borough (or Metropolitan District) is a type of local government district in England, covering urban areas within metropolitan counties. ... The Metropolitan Borough of Stepney was between 1899 and 1965 a metropolitan borough in the County of London. ... Old Bethnal Green Town Hall. ... The Metropolitan Borough of Poplar was between 1899 and 1965 a metropolitan borough in the County of London. ... The Metropolitan Borough of Shoreditch was a metropolitan borough of the County of London between 1899 and 1965, when it was merged with others to form the London Borough of Hackney. ... The London Borough of Tower Hamlets is the London borough to the east of the City of London, north of the River Thames in East London. ... Hackney Town Hall was built in the 1930s for the old Metropolitan Borough. ...

[The] invention about 1880 of the term East End was rapidly taken up by the new halfpenny press, and in the pulpit and the music hall ... A shabby man from Paddington, St Marylebone or Battersea might pass muster as one of the respectable poor. But the same man coming from Bethnal Green, Shadwell or Wapping was an East Ender, the box of Keating's bug powder must be reached for, and the spoons locked up. In the long run this cruel stigma came to do good. It was a final incentive to the poorest to get out of the East End at all costs, and it became a concentrated reminder to the public conscience that nothing to be found in the East End should be tolerated in a Christian country.^[1]

Since 1900 development has spread far into districts which were formerly in the county of Middlesex, but are now in Greater London. Parts or all of Newham and Redbridge (both formerly in the county of Essex) are sometimes considered to be in the East End, however the River Lee is often considered to be the eastern boundary of the area and this definition would exclude the borough but place it at the heart of East London. The common extension of the term further afield is probably due to the diaspora of East Enders who have escaped poverty and the destruction of WWII. Moving away, in particular to the new towns, such as Harlow, and the new estates in Dagenham that grew up to service the new post-war industries. 1900 (MCM) was an exceptional common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, but a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. ... Middlesex is one of the 39 historic counties of England and the second smallest (after Rutland). ... Greater London is the top level administrative subdivision covering London and forms one of the nine regions of England. ... Newham Town Hall in East Ham (E6) Logo on the roadside at sunset The London Borough of Newham is a London borough in East London, England. ... The London Borough of Redbridge is a London borough in East London. ... Essex is a county in the East of England. ... Bow Creek (tidal) meets the Limehouse Cut (canal) with a view of Londons Docklands The River Lee or River Lea (both spellings are in general use) is a river in England. ... East London is the name commonly given to the eastern part of London on the north side of the River Thames. ... German soldiers at the Battle of Stalingrad World War II was the most extensive and costly armed conflict in the history of the world, involving the great majority of the worlds nations, being fought simultaneously in several major theatres, and costing tens of millions of lives. ... Harlow is a local government district and new town in Essex, United Kingdom. ... Dagenham is a town within the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham. ...

East London, but particularly the East End boroughs, will undergo major changes with the regeneration and redevelopment to be associated with the 2012 Olympics, announced on 6 July 2005. In biology, regeneration is the ability to recreate lost or damaged tissues, organs and limbs. ... Urban renewal (also called urban regeneration in British English) is a movement in urban planning that reached its peak in the United States from the late 1940s through the early 1970s. ... (Redirected from 2012 Olympics) Nine cities submitted bids for the 2012 Summer Olympics, and five have made it to the shortlist for hosting the Games of the XXX Olympiad. ...

History

Brick Lane

The East End came into being as the separate villages east of London spread and the fields between them were built upon, a process which occurred in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. From the beginning, the East End has always contained some of the poorest areas of London. The main reasons for this include Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2560x1920, 3105 KB) Description: Brick Lane, London, 2005 Photographer: User:Justinc File links The following pages link to this file: East End of London Brick Lane Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2560x1920, 3105 KB) Description: Brick Lane, London, 2005 Photographer: User:Justinc File links The following pages link to this file: East End of London Brick Lane Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used...

• the medieval system of copyhold, that prevailed throughout the East End, into the 19th century. Essentially, there was little point in developing land that was held on short leases.
• the undesirability of living in the direction of the prevailing wind from the city centre in the days of open fires
• the low paid employment in the docks and related industries; made worse by the trade practices of outwork, piecework and casual labour
• and the relocation of the ruling court and national political epicentre to Westminster, on the opposite western side of the City of London.

Throughout history the area has absorbed waves of immigrants who have each added a new dimension to the culture and history of the area, most notably the French protestant Huguenots, the Irish, the Jews and the Bangladeshi community. Much of the East End has changed and the common image of the it no longer exists as the majority of the old style cockneys have moved to Essex and beyond. At its origin in mediaeval England, Copyhold tenure was tenure of land according to the custom of the manor, the title deeds being a copy of the record of the manor court. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Millennium Dome and Canary Wharf from the Royal Victoria Dock. ... It has been suggested that piece rate be merged into this article or section. ... The Palace of Westminster, also known as the Houses of Parliament or Westminster Palace, in London, England is where the two Houses of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (the House of Lords and the House of Commons) meet to conduct their business. ... Coat of arms The City of London is a small area in Greater London. ... Immigration is the act of moving to or settling in another country or region, temporarily or permanently. ... In the 16th and 17th centuries, the name of Huguenots came to apply to members of the Protestant Reformed Church of France, or historically as the French Calvinists. ... Cockneys are, in the present-day sense of the word, white working-class inhabitants of London. ...

Community tensions have been raised by racist events such as an anti-semitic Fascist march in 1936 (blocked by residents at the Battle of Cable Street), recent anti-Asian violence and more recently anti-white violence, including a council seat win for the British National Party in 1993 (since lost), and a 1999 bombing in Brick Lane. The flag of the British Union of Fascists showing the Flash and Circle symbolic of action within unity The British Union of Fascists (BUF) was a political party of the 1930s in the United Kingdom. ... 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Battle of Cable Street or Cable Street Riot took place on Sunday October 4, 1936 in Cable Street in the East End of London. ... The British National Party (BNP) is the most prominent far-right political party in the United Kingdom. ... David Copeland David John Copeland (born May 15, 1976) is a former member of the British neo-Nazi National Socialist Movement who became known as the London nailbomber after a 12-day bombing campaign in April 1999 aimed at Londons black, Asian, and gay communities. ... Brick Lane is a street in the East End of London, site of a Sunday market, heart of the citys Bangladeshi community, former heart of the citys Jewish community, and before that, of its Huguenot community. ...

In 1884 the Settlement movement was founded, with settlements such as Toynbee Hall and Oxford House encouraging university students to live and work in the slums to experience life and try to alleviate some of the poverty and misery in the East End. In 1888 the matchgirls of Bryant and May, in Bow struck for better working conditions. This combined with the many dock strikes in the same era, made the East End a key element in the foundation of modern socialist and trade union organisations; and the Suffragette movement. 1884 (MDCCCLXXXIV) is a leap year starting on Tuesday (click on link to calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... The settlement movement started in 1884 in London. ... Toynbee Hall is the original university settlement house. ... 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) is a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. ... The London matchgirls strike of 1888 was a strike of the women and teenage girls working at the Bryant and May Factory in Bow, London. ... Bow may mean: Bow (knot): A type of knot Bow (music): A device used to play string instruments Bow (ship): The foremost point of the hull of a ship or boat Bow (weapon): An archery weapon that uses elasticity to propel arrows Bow (human): Bowing is the act of lowering... Socialism is a social and economic system (or the political philosophy advocating such a system) in which the economic means of production are owned and controlled collectively by the people. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... Suffragette with banner, Washington DC, 1918 The title of suffragette (also occasionally spelt suffraget) was given to members of the womens suffrage movement in the United Kingdom. ...

1888 was also the year, the area became notorious as the site of the crimes of Jack the Ripper. In 1911 it was the site of the Sidney Street Siege, and in the 1960s it was the area most associated with gangster activity, most notably that of the Krays. 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) is a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. ... Jack the Ripper is the pseudonym given to an unidentified serial killer active in the largely impoverished Whitechapel area of London, England in the second half of 1888. ... 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ... The Siege of Sidney Street, popularly known as the Battle of Stepney, was a gunfight in Londons East End in 1911. ... The 1960s decade refers to the years from 1960 to 1969, inclusive. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Ronald Kray (1933 - 1995) and Reginald Kray (1933 - 2000) were twin brothers, and the foremost organised crime leaders in London in the 1960s. ...

Traditionally the home of London's docks and a large part of its industry, especially industries based on processing foodstuffs and other imported raw materials, the area was a continuous target during the blitz of World War II. Much of what little housing remained was removed as part of 'slum clearance' programmes. Post war, specifically 1960s, architecture dominates the housing estates of the area. From the mid 20th century, the docks declined in use and were finally closed in 1980. London's main port is now at Tilbury further down the Thames estuary, outside the boundary of Greater London. A dock is an area of water between two piers or alongside a pier, forming a chamber used for building or repairing one ship. ... Heinkel He 111 German bomber over the Surrey Docks, Southwark, London (German propaganda photomontage) The Blitz was the sustained bombing of the United Kingdom by Nazi Germany between 7 September 1940 and 16 May 1941. ... Combatants Allied Powers: United Kingdom Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Axis Powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000,000 Total dead... The 1960s decade refers to the years from 1960 to 1969, inclusive. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999... 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ... Tilbury is located on the north bank of the River Thames, in the borough of Thurrock in England, at the point where the river suddenly narrows to about 800 yards/740 metres in width. ... Several places exist with the name Thames, and the word is also used as part of several brand and company names Most famous is the River Thames in England, on which the city of London stands Other Thames Rivers There is a Thames River in Canada There is a Thames...

Today

Redevelopment of Isle of Dogs

The East End is now home to various urban regeneration projects, most notably Canary Wharf, a huge commercial and housing development on the Isle of Dogs. Many of the 1960s tower blocks have been demolished or have been renovated. The area around Old Spitalfields market and Brick Lane has been extensively regenerated and is famous, amongst other things, as London's curry capital, as well as being the home of a number of London's art galleries, including the famous Whitechapel Gallery. Canary Wharf seen from across the Thames - personal photograph File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Canary Wharf seen from across the Thames - personal photograph File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Blight often stands side-by-side with new structures during urban renewal efforts. ... HSBC Tower (left), One Canada Square (centre), Citigroup Centre (right) Canary Wharf in Tower Hamlets, London, England, is a large business development on the Isle of Dogs, centred on the old West India Docks in the London Docklands. ... The Isle of Dogs is a peninsula in the East End of London. ... The 1960s decade refers to the years from 1960 to 1969, inclusive. ... Old Spitalfields Market is a covered market located on the eastern edge of the City of London. ... Brick Lane is a street in the East End of London, site of a Sunday market, heart of the citys Bangladeshi community, former heart of the citys Jewish community, and before that, of its Huguenot community. ... The Whitechapel Gallery, founded 1901, was one of the first publicly-funded galleries for temporary exhibitions in London. ...

The area remains, however, one of the poorest in Britain and contains some of the capital's worst deprivation. This is in spite of rising property prices, and the extensive building of luxury apartments, centred largely around the dock areas and alongside the Thames. To quote 'Find A Property' (uk-based property website), on the Isle of Dogs:

'Memories of bitter disputes with the dictatorial London Docklands Development Corporation and high profile bankruptcies will fade with the proliferation of new gleaming office blocks, but unfulfilled promises to rejuvenate the deprived districts of Poplar and Millwall will haunt the district a lot longer. Whilst the glass towers continue to hold the reflection of grim council estates, the Isle of Dogs will remain two worlds apart, and be the poorer for it.'

With rising costs elsewhere in the capital, the East End has become a desirable place for business.

Media

East End Film Society (EEFS) is a filmmaking club for people who live, work or study in East London. It is the UK's biggest film community with over 450 members. EEFS is supported by Film Academy and is currently in partnership with the Fusion East project to facilitate network meetings, screenings, seminars, training workshops and more.

Fusion East has been devised by a consortium of three neighbouring local authorities: London Borough of Hackney, Newham and Tower Hamlets, alongside Leaside Regeneration, and the Cultural Industries Development Agency (CIDA). For more details visit East End Film Society Hackney Town Hall was built in the 1930s for the old Metropolitan Borough. ... The London Borough of Newham is a London borough in East London. ... The London Borough of Tower Hamlets is the London borough to the east of the City of London, north of the River Thames in East London. ...

The film To Sir, with Love and the BBC soap opera EastEnders are set here. To Sir, with Love (1967) is a British film starring Sidney Poitier that deals with social issues in an inner city school, written and directed by James Clavell and based on a novel of the same name by E.R. Braithwaite. ... The British Broadcasting Corporation, invariably known as the BBC (and also informally known as the Beeb or Auntie) is the largest public broadcasting corporation in the world. ... The first TIME cover devoted to soap operas: Dated January 12, 1976, Bill Hayes and Susan Seaforth Hayes of Days of our Lives are featured with the headline Soap Operas: Sex and suffering in the afternoon. A soap opera is an ongoing, episodic work of fiction, usually broadcast on television... EastEnders is a popular BBC television soap opera, first broadcast on BBC1 on 19 February 1985[2] and continuing today. ...

See also

• Compare to West End of London.
• Cockneys

The West End of London is part of the city centre of London in England. ... Cockneys are, in the present-day sense of the word, white working-class inhabitants of London. ...

External links

• The East End of London on the site of the BBC.
• East London History

The British Broadcasting Corporation, invariably known as the BBC (and also informally known as the Beeb or Auntie) is the largest public broadcasting corporation in the world. ...

Further Reading

• William Fishman - East End 1888, Five Leaves, London 2005
• Alan Palmer - The East End, John Murray, London 1989
• Jack London - The People of the Abyss - account of his 1902 stay amongst the East End poor (Text)

Jack London, probably born John Griffith Chaney (January 12, 1876 – November 22, 1916)[4][5][6] was an American author who wrote The Call of the Wild and over fifty other books. ... This page may meet Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ...

Notes