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Abenaki (also Abnaki) is the cover term for a complex of dialects of one of the Eastern Algonquian languages, originally spoken in what is now Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine. Modern Western Abenaki is currently spoken by a very small handful of elders in Odanak, Quebec. Eastern Abenaki was until quite recently spoken by elders of the Penobscot tribe in eastern Maine, although it is now extinct[1]. Other dialects of Eastern Abenaki, such as Caniba and Aroosagunticook, now extinct, are documented in French-language materials from the colonial period. Odanak, Quebec is an Indian reserve in the Centre-du-Québec region, Quebec, Canada. ...
Map of Quebec showing Centre-du-Québec in red Centre-du-Québec (french for Central Quebec) is a region of Quebec. ...
Motto: Je me souviens (French: I remember) Official languages French Flower Blue Flag Iris (Iris versicolor Linné) Tree Yellow Birch Bird Snowy Owl Capital Quebec City Largest city Montreal Lieutenant-Governor Lise Thibault Premier Jean Charest (PLQ) Parliamentary representation - House seats - Senate seats 75 24 Area Total - Land - Water (% of...
Current distribution of Human Language Families Most languages are known to belong to language families. ...
The Algic (also Algonquian-Wiyot-Yurok or Algonquian-Ritwan) languages are an indigenous language family of North America. ...
Pre-contact distribution of Algonquian languages The Algonquian (also Algonkian) languages are a subfamily of Native American languages that includes most of the languages in the Algic language family (the two Algic languages that are not Algonquian are Wiyot and Yurok of northwestern California). ...
The Eastern Algonquian languages are a subgroup of the larger Algonquian family, itself a member of the Algic family; prior to European contact, the family consisted of around 17 languages, which streched from Newfoundland south into North Carolina. ...
ISO 639-1 is the first part of the ISO 639 international-standard language-code family. ...
ISO 639-2:1998 Codes for the representation of names of languages — Part 2: Alpha-3 code Twenty-two of the languages have two three-letter codes: a code for bibliographic use (ISO 639-2/B) a code for terminological use (ISO 639-2/T). ...
ISO 639-3 is in process of development as an international standard for language codes. ...
For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words see here. ...
Phonetics (from the Greek word φωνή, phone meaning sound, voice) is the study of sounds and the human voice. ...
Because of technical limitations, some web browsers may not display some special characters in this article. ...
This is a concise version of the International Phonetic Alphabet for English sounds. ...
The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...
The Eastern Algonquian languages are a subgroup of the larger Algonquian family, itself a member of the Algic family; prior to European contact, the family consisted of around 17 languages, which streched from Newfoundland south into North Carolina. ...
This article is about the U.S. state. ...
This article does not cite its references or sources. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Abenaki couple The Western Abenaki (also Abenaki, Wabanaki), meaning people of the dawn, are a tribe of Native Americans/First Nations belonging to the Algonquian peoples of northeastern North America. ...
¢ Seal of the Penobscot Indian Nation of Maine For other uses, see Penobscot (disambiguation). ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Western and Eastern Abenaki share many similarities but are also different in striking ways, not only in vocabulary but also phonology. Phonology (Greek phonē = voice/sound and logos = word/speech), is a subfield of linguistics which studies the sound system of a specific language (or languages). ...
Phonology
The Abenaki Alphabet consists of 21 letters representing 19 phonemes (B and D are redundant): Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo 8 Pp Ss Tt Uu Ww Zz
Vowels Abenaki has 5 simple vowel phonemes and two phonemes for semivowels, one of which has two very distinct allophones. Semivowels (also called semiconsonants or glides) are vowels that function phonemically as consonants. ...
In phonetics, an allophone is one of several similar phones that belong to the same phoneme. ...
/i/ is instantiated as /e/ at the end of a word and /i/ in the middle of a word. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words see here. ...
A monophthong (in Greek μονόφθογγος = single note) is a pure vowel sound, one whose articulation at both beginning and end is relatively fixed, and which does not glide up or down towards a new position of articulation; compare diphthong. ...
In phonetics, a diphthong (Greek δίφθογγος, diphthongos, literally with two sounds, or with two tones) is a vowel combination in a single syllable involving a quick but smooth movement from one vowel to another, often interpreted by listeners as a single vowel sound or phoneme. ...
Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ...
Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ...
Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ...
Vowels See also: IPA, Consonants Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ...
A nasal vowel is a vowel that is produced with a lowering of the velum so that air escapes both through the mouth and the nose. ...
Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ...
Semivowels (sometimes called semiconsonants) are vowels that function as consonants. ...
The palatal approximant is a type of consonantal sound, used in very many spoken languages. ...
Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ...
Consonants B is used interchangeably with P, and D is usually used likewise with T. J is pronounced as /dz/, C is always Ch and pronounced as /ts/. In some cases D may represent a "soft" version of /t/. In phonetics, a bilabial consonant is a consonant articulated with both lips. ...
Alveolar consonants are articulated with the tongue against or close to the superior alveolar ridge, which is called that because it contains the alveoli (the sockets) of the superior teeth. ...
Postalveolar (or palato-alveolar) consonants are consonants articulated with the tip of the tongue between the alveolar ridge (the place of articulation for alveolar consonants) and the palate (the place of articulation for palatal consonants). ...
Velars are consonants articulated with the back part of the tongue (the dorsum) against the soft palate (the back part of the roof of the mouth, known also as the velum). ...
Glottal consonants are consonants articulated with the glottis. ...
A stop or plosive or occlusive is a consonant sound produced by stopping the airflow in the vocal tract. ...
A nasal consonant is produced when the velum—that fleshy part of the palate near the back—is lowered, allowing air to escape freely through the nose. ...
Fricatives (or spirants) are consonants produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together. ...
Affricate consonants begin as stops (most often an alveolar, such as or ), but release as a fricative such as or (or, in a couple of languages, into a fricative trill) rather than directly into the following vowel. ...
Laterals are L-like consonants pronounced with an occlusion made somewhere along the axis of the tongue, while air from the lungs escapes at one side or both sides of the tongue. ...
Grammar
Nouns Nouns have two classes: animate or inanimate, and two numbers: single and plural.
Pronouns
Personal Pronouns
Demonstratives
Interrogatives
Verbs Regular verbs are inflected for person and always end in a vowel.
Infinitive The suffix -mek indicates an infinitive.
Present Tense To inflect for first or second person in the present tense, the verb stem is prefixed with a N' in front of a consonant or a Nd' preceding a vowel.
The third person simply uses the verb stem unless the verb stem ends with an "i" or an "8" in which case the concluding vowel becomes an "o" or an "a" respectively.
Commands are formed by the you/I form of the present tense.
Morphology
References - Day, Gordon M. 1994a. Western Abenaki Dictionary. Volume 1: Abenaki to English. Hull: Canadian Museum of Civilization, Mercury Series, Canadian Ethnology Service Paper 128.
- Day, Gordon M. 1994b. Western Abenaki Dictionary. Volume 2: English to Abenaki. Hull: Canadian Museum of Civilization, Mercury Series, Canadian Ethnology Service Paper 128.
- Laurent, Joseph. 1884. New Familiar Abenakis and English Dialogues. Quebec: Joseph Laurent. Reprinted 2006: Vancouver: Global Language Press, ISBN 0-9738924-7-1
- http://www.answers.com/abenaki&r=67
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