The eastern journey of Nicholas II in 1890–1891 was a notable round-the-world voyage of Tsarevich Nicholas Alexandrovich of Russia. The total length of the journey was more than 51,000 km, including 15,000 km of railways and 22,000 km of sea routes. During his visit to the Empire of Japan, a failed assassination attempt was made against Nicholas. 1890 (MDCCCXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar). ... Year 1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar). ... Tsar, (Bulgarian цар�, Russian царь; often spelled Czar or Tzar in English), was the title used for the autocratic rulers of the First and Second Bulgarian Empires since 913, in Serbia in the middle of the 14th century, and in Russia from 1547 to 1917. ... Nicholas II of Russia (18 May [O.S. 6 May] 1868 – 17 July [O.S. 4 July] 1918) (Russian: , Nikolay II) was the last Emperor of Russia, King of Poland,[1] and Grand Duke of Finland. ... Anthem: Kimi ga Yo Imperial Reign Slogan: Fukoku Kyohei Enrich the Country, Strengthen the Military (a. ... Nicholas II The ÅŒtsu Scandal can be described as a failed assassination attempt on Tsarevich Nicholas (later Emperor Nicholas II of Russia) by a Japanese police officer named Tsuda Sanzō. The event occurred on May 11, 1891 in ÅŒtsu, Shiga Prefecture, Japan, while Nicholas was visiting Japan. ...

Background

After the Grand Embassy of Peter I, a long trip for educational purposes became an important part of training for the state activity of the members of the Russian Imperial house. In 1890 Emperor Alexander III of Russia decided to establish the Trans-Siberian Railway and his heir Tsarevich Nicholas took part in the opening ceremony. The Grand Embassy (1697–1698) is incognito voyage of Russian Tsar Peter the Great to Western Europe, whose main official purpose was to secure allies against Ottoman Empire, but it was also intended to gather information on the economic and cultural life of Europe. ... Alexander III (March 10, 1845 – November 1, 1894) reigned as Emperor of Russia from March 14, 1881 until his death in 1894. ... Trans-Siberian line in red; Baikal Amur Mainline in green. ...

Voyage

Cruiser "Memory of Azov"

On 23 October, after the church service in Gatchina, the Tsarevich went by train via Vienna to Trieste where he boarded of the cruiser Memory of Azov. This route was selected because of probable diplomatic difficulties concerning with intention of the Ottoman Empire to keep the straits of Bosporus and Dardanelles closed. October 23 is the 296th day of the year (297th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Vienna (German: , see also other names) is the capital of Austria, and also one of the nine States of Austria. ... Trieste (Italian: Trieste; Slovenian and Croatian: Trst; German: Triest; Hungarian: Trieszt; Latin: Tergeste; Serbian: Трст or Trst) is a city and port in northeastern Italy right on the border with Slovenia. ... USS Port Royal (CG-73), a Ticonderoga-class guided missile cruiser (really an uprated guided missile destroyer), launched in 1992. ... Motto: دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem: Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1680, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299-1326) Bursa (1326-1365) Edirne (1365-1453) Constantinople (Istanbul) (1453-1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy Sultans  - 1281–1326 Osman I  - 1918–1922 Mehmed VI... Bosporus - photo taken from International Space Station. ... Map of the Dardanelles The Dardanelles (Turkish: Çanakkale BoÄŸazı, Greek: Δαρδανέλλια, Dardanellia), formerly known as the Hellespont (Greek: Eλλήσποντος, Hellespontos), is a narrow strait in northwestern Turkey connecting the Aegean Sea to the Sea of Marmara. ...

From Trieste the expedition came to the port Piraeus, where Nicholas met his godmother Olga Konstantinovna of Russia and her husband King George I of Greece. Their son Prince George of Greece and Denmark was included into the flagship's crew as an officer. From Greece the Tsarevich navigated to Port Said in Egypt. During the time his ship passed the Suez Canal, Nicholas with his retinue traveled along the Nile to the modern Aswan. View of Piraeus A night ferry about to leave the port of Piraeus for the Dodecanese Piraeus, or Peiraeus (Modern Greek: Πειραιάς Peiraiás or Pireás, Ancient Greek / Katharevousa: Πειραιεύς Pireéfs) is a city in the periphery of Attica, Greece, located south of Athens. ... A godparent, in Christianity, is someone who sponsors a childs baptism. ... Olga, Queen of Greece Olga Konstantinovna of Russia later Queen Olga of Greece (in Russian Великая Княжна Ольга Константиновна in Greek Βασίλισσα Όλγα της Ελλάδος) (3 September 1851 - 18 June 1926), was the queen consort of King George I of Greece and briefly in 1920, Regent of Greece. ... George I, King of the Hellenes (Greek: Γεώργιος A, Βασιλεύς των Ελλήνων) (December 24, 1845 – March 18, 1913) was King of the Hellenes (Greece) from 1863 to 1913. ... Prince George of Greece and Denmark, known as Uncle Goggy to his family, (Greek: Πρινκιπας Γεωργιος) (24 June 1869–25 November 1957) was the second child and of course the second son of King George I of Greece and Grand Duchess Olga. ... Port Said (postcard around 1915) Port Said (31. ... Ships moored at El Ballah during transit Egypt: Site of Suez Canal (top). ... A retinue (O. Fr. ... The Nile (Arabic: ‎, translit: , Ancient Egyptian iteru, Coptic piaro or phiaro) is a major north-flowing river in Africa, generally regarded as the longest river, though not the most voluminous, in the world. ... Aswan (Arabic: أسوان Aswān) (, population 200,000) is a city in the south of Egypt, the capital of the Aswan Governorate. ...

From Suez they went to Aden and on 11 December arrived in Bombay. Here Nicholas started long trans-Indian trip, which ended in Colombo. In India Nicholas visited all the important places, including the Taj Mahal and the Harimandir Sahib (Golden Temple). Here he bought numerous exotic works of art, later transferred to several Russian museums. Port of Aden (around 1910). ... December 11 is the 345th day (346th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... “Bombay” redirects here. ... Map of Colombo with its administrative districts Coordinates: District Colombo Division, Colombo District Mayor Uvaiz Mohammad Imitiyaz (Sri Lanka Freedom Party) Area    - City 37. ... The Taj Mahal, viewed from the Northern bank of Yamuna river. ... For the Golden Pavilion Temple in Kyoto, Japan click here. ...

Leaving Ceylon on 31 January, the expedition continued to Singapore, the island of Java and Bangkok. In Siam the future Emperor spent one week as a guest of King Rama V. Nicholas received an Order and wealthy gifts. On 13 March he entered Nanking and started here the Chinese part of his voyage, visiting tea plantations and manufactures. January 31 is the 31st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Java (Indonesian, Javanese, and Sundanese: Jawa) is an island of Indonesia and the site of its capital city, Jakarta. ... The Wat Phra Kaew temple complex Bangkok, known in Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon (IPA: ,  ) or Krung Thep ( ) for short, is the capital of and largest city in Thailand, with an official year 2000 census population of 6,355,144, but actually numbering at least twice that. ... Anthem: Phleng Chat Royal anthem: Phleng Sansoen Phra Barami Capital Bangkok (Krung Thep) Largest city Bangkok Official languages Thai Government Military junta under Constitutional Monarchy  - King HM The King Bhumibol Adulyadej  - Prime Minister General Surayud Chulanont  - President of the Council of National Security General Sonthi Boonyaratglin Formation    - Sukhothai kingdom 1238... His Majesty King Rama V of Siam, with his son, later King Rama VI (portrait in National History Museum, Bangkok) King Chulalongkorn the Great or Rama V (royal name Phra Chula Chomklao Chaoyuhua) (September 20, 1853 - October 23, 1910) was the fifth king of the Chakri dynasty of Thailand. ... March 13 is the 72nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (73rd in leap years). ... For other uses, see Nanjing (disambiguation). ...

On 15 April 1891, accompanied by six ships of the Imperial Russian Navy, Nicholas arrived in the Empire of Japan. The Russian Pacific Fleet with the Tsarevich first called on Kagoshima, then Nagasaki, and then Kobe. From Kobe, the Tsarevich journeyed overland to Kyoto, where he was met by a delegation headed by Prince Arisugawa Takahito. As this was the first visit by such an important foreign prince to Japan, and as the military influence of the Russian Empire was growing rapidly in the far east, the Japanese government placed heavy emphasis on using this visit to foster better Russo-Japanese relations. Prince Nicholas showed interest in the Japanese traditional crafts, had a tattoo on his body, and bought an ornamental hairpin for a Japanese girl who happened to be near him. On 29 April, the famous Otsu Scandal occurred. April 15 is the 105th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (106th in leap years). ... Year 1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar). ... Russian Navy Jack Russian Navy Ensign The Imperial Russian Navy refers to the Navy of Imperial Russia, before the Soviet Union. ... Anthem: Kimi ga Yo Imperial Reign Slogan: Fukoku Kyohei Enrich the Country, Strengthen the Military (a. ... Kagoshima (鹿児島市; -shi) is the capital city of Kagoshima Prefecture at the southwest tip of the Kyushu island of Japan. ... Nagasaki (Japanese: 長崎市, Nagasaki-shi  , long peninsula) is the capital and the largest city of Nagasaki Prefecture in Japan. ... Kobe ) is the capital city of Hyōgo Prefecture and a prominent port city in Japan with a population of about 1. ... Kyoto )   is a city in the central part of the island of HonshÅ«, Japan. ... Anthem: God Save the Tsar! Russian Empire in 1914 Capital Saint Petersburg Language(s) Russian Government Monarchy Emperor  - 1721-1725 Peter the Great  - 1894-1917 Nicholas II History  - Established 22 October, 1721  - February Revolution 2 March, 1917 Area  - 1897 22,400,000 km2 8,648,688 sq mi Population  - 1897... A tattoo is a mark made by inserting pigment into the skin; in technical terms, tattooing is dermal pigmentation. ... April 29 is the 119th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (120th in leap years). ... Nicholas II The ÅŒtsu Scandal can be described as a failed assassination attempt on Tsarevich Nicholas (later Emperor Nicholas II of Russia) by a Japanese police officer named Tsuda Sanzō. The event occurred on May 11, 1891 in ÅŒtsu, Shiga Prefecture, Japan, while Nicholas was visiting Japan. ...

On 7 May Nicholas departed from Kobe and four days later arrived to Vladivostok. Here he accomplished the official part of his mission and returned by train to St. Petersburg. May 7 is the 127th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (128th in leap years). ... Vladivostok (Russian: ) is the administrative center of Primorsky Krai, Russia, situated close to the Russo-Sino border and North Korea. ... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and...

Significance

Prince Ester Ukhtomsky also took part in the journey, and collected important ethnographic notes about the places it visited. Later he published a splendid illustrated three-volume story of this voyage. More than 200 photos were taken by Vladimir Mendeleyev, a son of Dmitry Mendeleyev, who was a member of the Memory of Azov crew. Mendeleyevs portrait by Ilya Repin. ...

Timeline

• 4 November [O.S. 23 October] 1890 – departure from Gatchina;
• 7 November [O.S. 26 October] 1890 – departure from Trieste;
• 22 November [O.S. 10 November] 1890 - 10 December [O.S. 27 November] 1890 – visiting of Egypt;
• 23 December [O.S. 11 December] 1890 – arrival to Bombay;
• 23 December [O.S. 11 December] 1890 - 12 January [O.S. 31 December] 1891 – voyage in India
  • Bombay;
  • Agra;
  • Lahore;
  • Amritsar;
  • Benares;
  • Calcutta;
  • Bombay;
  • Madras;
• 11 January [O.S. 31 December] 1891 – arrival to Ceylon;
• 11 February [O.S. 31 January] 1891 – departure from Colombo;
• 19 March [O.S. 7 March] 1891 – arrival to Bangkok;
• 25 March [O.S. 13 March] 1891 – departure from Bangkok;
• 4 April [O.S. 23 March] 1891 – arrival to Hong Kong;
• 27 April [O.S. 15 April] 1891 – arrival to Nagasaki, Japan;
• 10 May [O.S. 29 April] 1891 – Otsu Scandal;
• 18 May [O.S. 6 May] 1891 – celebration of the 23th birthday of Nicholas in Osaka;
• 19 May [O.S. 7 May] 1891 – departure from Kobe;
• 23 May [O.S. 11 May] 1891 – arrival to Vladivostok;
• 2 June [O.S. 21 May] 1891 – departure from Vladivostok;
• 16 August [O.S. 4 August] 1891 – arrival to St. Petersburg;

November 4 is the 308th day of the year (309th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 57 days remaining. ... Old Style or O.S. is a designation indicating that a date conforms to the Julian calendar, formerly in use in many countries, rather than the Gregorian calendar, currently in use in most countries. ... 1890 (MDCCCXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar). ... Gatchina is the city of 84900 inhabitants in the Leningrad oblast of the Russian Federation, 45 km south of St Petersburg by the road leading to Pskov. ... November 7 is the 311th day of the year (312th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 54 days remaining. ... Old Style or O.S. is a designation indicating that a date conforms to the Julian calendar, formerly in use in many countries, rather than the Gregorian calendar, currently in use in most countries. ... 1890 (MDCCCXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar). ... November 22 is the 326th day (327th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Old Style or O.S. is a designation indicating that a date conforms to the Julian calendar, formerly in use in many countries, rather than the Gregorian calendar, currently in use in most countries. ... 1890 (MDCCCXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar). ... December 10 is the 344th day (345th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, 21 days before the next year. ... Old Style or O.S. is a designation indicating that a date conforms to the Julian calendar, formerly in use in many countries, rather than the Gregorian calendar, currently in use in most countries. ... 1890 (MDCCCXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar). ... December 23 is the 357th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (358th in leap years). ... Old Style or O.S. is a designation indicating that a date conforms to the Julian calendar, formerly in use in many countries, rather than the Gregorian calendar, currently in use in most countries. ... 1890 (MDCCCXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar). ... “Bombay” redirects here. ... December 23 is the 357th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (358th in leap years). ... Old Style or O.S. is a designation indicating that a date conforms to the Julian calendar, formerly in use in many countries, rather than the Gregorian calendar, currently in use in most countries. ... 1890 (MDCCCXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar). ... January 12 is the 12th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Old Style or O.S. is a designation indicating that a date conforms to the Julian calendar, formerly in use in many countries, rather than the Gregorian calendar, currently in use in most countries. ... Year 1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar). ... Agra   (Hindi: , Urdu: ‎), (IPA: ) is a medevial city on the banks of the Yamuna River in India. ... Lahore (Urdu: لاہور, Punjabi: لہور) is the capital of the province of Punjab, and the second most populated city in Pakistan, also known as the Gardens of the Mughals or City of Gardens, after the significant rich heritage of the Mughal Empire. ... Amritsar (Punjabi: ), meaning Pool of the Nectar of Immortality, is the administrative headquarter of the Amritsar District in Punjab, India. ... VārāṇasÄ«   (HindÄ«: वाराणसी, UrdÅ«: وارانسی, IPA: ), also known as Benares, Banaras, or Benaras (HindÄ«: बनारस, UrdÅ«: بنارس, ; IPA: ), or Kashi or Kasi (काशी کاشی ), is a famous Hindu holy city situated on the banks of the river Ganges (Ganga) in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ...   (IPA: [] Bengali: কলকাতা) (formerly  ) is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. ... “Madras” redirects here. ... January 11 is the 11th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Old Style or O.S. is a designation indicating that a date conforms to the Julian calendar, formerly in use in many countries, rather than the Gregorian calendar, currently in use in most countries. ... Year 1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar). ... February 11 is the 42nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Old Style or O.S. is a designation indicating that a date conforms to the Julian calendar, formerly in use in many countries, rather than the Gregorian calendar, currently in use in most countries. ... Year 1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar). ... Map of Colombo with its administrative districts Coordinates: District Colombo Division, Colombo District Mayor Uvaiz Mohammad Imitiyaz (Sri Lanka Freedom Party) Area    - City 37. ... March 19 is the 78th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (79th in leap years). ... Old Style or O.S. is a designation indicating that a date conforms to the Julian calendar, formerly in use in many countries, rather than the Gregorian calendar, currently in use in most countries. ... Year 1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar). ... The Wat Phra Kaew temple complex Bangkok, known in Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon (IPA: ,  ) or Krung Thep ( ) for short, is the capital of and largest city in Thailand, with an official year 2000 census population of 6,355,144, but actually numbering at least twice that. ... March 25 is the 84th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (85th in leap years). ... Old Style or O.S. is a designation indicating that a date conforms to the Julian calendar, formerly in use in many countries, rather than the Gregorian calendar, currently in use in most countries. ... Year 1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar). ... The Wat Phra Kaew temple complex Bangkok, known in Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon (IPA: ,  ) or Krung Thep ( ) for short, is the capital of and largest city in Thailand, with an official year 2000 census population of 6,355,144, but actually numbering at least twice that. ... April 4 is the 94th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (95th in leap years). ... Old Style or O.S. is a designation indicating that a date conforms to the Julian calendar, formerly in use in many countries, rather than the Gregorian calendar, currently in use in most countries. ... Year 1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar). ... April 27 is the 117th day of the year (118th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 248 days remaining. ... Old Style or O.S. is a designation indicating that a date conforms to the Julian calendar, formerly in use in many countries, rather than the Gregorian calendar, currently in use in most countries. ... Year 1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar). ... Nagasaki (Japanese: 長崎市, Nagasaki-shi  , long peninsula) is the capital and the largest city of Nagasaki Prefecture in Japan. ... May 10 is the 130th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (131st in leap years). ... Old Style or O.S. is a designation indicating that a date conforms to the Julian calendar, formerly in use in many countries, rather than the Gregorian calendar, currently in use in most countries. ... Year 1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar). ... Nicholas II The ÅŒtsu Scandal can be described as a failed assassination attempt on Tsarevich Nicholas (later Emperor Nicholas II of Russia) by a Japanese police officer named Tsuda Sanzō. The event occurred on May 11, 1891 in ÅŒtsu, Shiga Prefecture, Japan, while Nicholas was visiting Japan. ... May 18 is the 138th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (139th in leap years). ... Old Style or O.S. is a designation indicating that a date conforms to the Julian calendar, formerly in use in many countries, rather than the Gregorian calendar, currently in use in most countries. ... Year 1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar). ... For other uses, see Osaka (disambiguation). ... May 19 is the 139th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (140th in leap years). ... Old Style or O.S. is a designation indicating that a date conforms to the Julian calendar, formerly in use in many countries, rather than the Gregorian calendar, currently in use in most countries. ... Year 1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar). ... Kobe ) is the capital city of Hyōgo Prefecture and a prominent port city in Japan with a population of about 1. ... May 23 is the 143rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (144th in leap years). ... Old Style or O.S. is a designation indicating that a date conforms to the Julian calendar, formerly in use in many countries, rather than the Gregorian calendar, currently in use in most countries. ... Year 1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar). ... Vladivostok (Russian: ) is the administrative center of Primorsky Krai, Russia, situated close to the Russo-Sino border and North Korea. ... June 2 is the 153rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (154th in leap years), with 212 days remaining. ... Old Style or O.S. is a designation indicating that a date conforms to the Julian calendar, formerly in use in many countries, rather than the Gregorian calendar, currently in use in most countries. ... Year 1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar). ... August 16 is the 228th day of the year (229th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Old Style or O.S. is a designation indicating that a date conforms to the Julian calendar, formerly in use in many countries, rather than the Gregorian calendar, currently in use in most countries. ... Year 1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar). ... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and...

Trivia

Memory of Azov Egg

• The Memory of Azov (Fabergé egg) has a miniature replica of the cruiser Memory of Azov.

Download high resolution version (1200x971, 205 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (1200x971, 205 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Memory of Azov Egg The Memory of Azov Egg (or the Azova Egg) is a jewelled Easter egg made under the supervision of the Russian jeweller Peter Carl Fabergé in 1891, for the then Tsar of Russia, Alexander III. It is one of the few eggs that has never left...

References

• (Russian) E. E. Ukhtomsky Eastern journey of His Imperial Majesty Tsarevich in 1890-1891, 1893-1897.

External links

• (Russian) Eastern journey of Nicholas II
• (Russian) History of the Memory of Azov