Ecofascism is a term used in two different ways: (1) For specific elements of radical environmentalism which are openly affiliated with neo-fascism, or which share conceptual similarities with fascist theories. It is used critically from an external source, and somewhat less commonly used from within as a self label, to refer to various white nationalist and third positionist groups who attempt to incorporate environmentalist positions into their ideology. (2) The term is also used as a political epithet by political conservatives to discredit deep ecology, mainstream environmentalism, and other left and non-left ecological positions, and less frequently by political leftists to discredit environmental movements they see as non-left such as deep ecology. Some environmentalists take the position that traditional methods of social change like political lobbying, public awareness campaigns, and the like are insufficient for achieving necessary changes in the relationship between humans and the environment. ... White nationalism is the attempt to create racial identity groups which advance the social and economic interests of White or Caucasian people. ... International Third Position (ITP) was a group formed by Nick Griffin and Derek Holland and as a continuation of the Political Soldier movement that originated in the right-wing British National Front in the early 1980s. ... See also Alternative political spellings and the list of pejorative political puns. ... Deep ecology is a recent philosophy or ecosophy based on a shift away from the anthropocentric bias of established environmental and green movements. ... Environmentalism is the support of or involvement with the environmental movement by environmentalists. ... Ecology is the branch of science that studies the distribution and abundance of living organisms, and the interactions between organisms and their environment. ...

Nazi and Fascist views on ecology

A form of admiration for "nature" was a theme of the German Nazi party and the Wagnerian German romanticism which predated it, and is also a key issue for some modern fascist movements, nazi.org being an especially apt example. The Nazi swastika symbol The National Socialist German Workers Party ( German: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei), better known as the NSDAP or the Nazi Party was a political party that was led to power in Germany by Adolf Hitler in 1933. ... Richard Wagner Wilhelm Richard Wagner (May 22, 1813 in Leipzig[1] – February 13, 1883 in Venice[2]) was an influential German composer, conductor, music theorist, and essayist, primarily known for his operas (or music dramas as he later came to call them). ... In the philosophy, art, and culture of German-speaking countries, German Romanticism was the dominant cultural movement of much of the nineteenth century. ... The Libertarian National Socialist Green Party (LNSGP) is the title of a web site published from the United States using the domain name . ...

Two writers from the early to mid 20th century who supported Nazi and Fascist political movements are strongly associated with ecofascism and remain among the primary sources for the incorporation of ecological views within neo-nazi and neo-fascist groups today: Savitri Devi was a writer from India who openly admired Hitler while promoting animal rights and vegetarianism, which she linked to a denunciation of Jewish dietary practices. Julius Evola was an Italian writer and supporter of the Fascist regime of Benito Mussolini who wrote books romanticizing a primitive state of nature and denouncing "modernism." Savitri Devi (September 30, 1905 - October 22, 1982) was a Franco-Greek woman who became enamored with Hinduism and National Socialism, linking the Aryan invasion theory to Adolf Hitler, and proclaiming him an avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu. ... Julius Evola, born Giulio Cesare Andrea Evola, aka Baron Giulio (May 19, 1898-June 11, 1974), was a controversial Italian esotericist, who wrote prolifically on matters political, philosophical, historical, and religious from a Traditionalist point of view. ... Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (July 29, 1883 – April 28, 1945) led Italy from 1922 to 1943. ...

When seeking to understand the environmentalism, vegetarianism, and animal rights policies of Nazi and neo-Nazi groups, one must be aware that these ideas are in no way divorced from these groups' emphasis on biology, eugenics and social darwinism. Racial hygiene is seen as cleansing the human genetic stock, much as ecology cleans the environment. All of these concepts have a common thread, emphasising the importance of nature, and man's duty to behave as steward. Environmentalism is the support of or involvement with the environmental movement by environmentalists. ... Vegetarianism is the practice of not eating meat, including beef, poultry, fish, or their by-products, with or without the use of dairy products or eggs. ... The logo of the Great Ape Project, which is campaigning for a Declaration on Great Apes. ... The term National Socialism has been used in self-description by a number of different political groups and ideologies, some of which have no connection with the Nazis; see National socialism (disambiguation). ... The terms Neo-Nazism and Neo-Fascism refer to any social or political movement to revive Nazism or Fascism, respectively, and postdates the Second World War. ... Biology is the branch of science dealing with the study of life. ... Eugenics is the self-direction of human evolution: Logo from the Second International Congress of Eugenics, 1921, depicting it as a tree which unites a variety of different fields. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Racial hygiene (often labeled a form of scientific racism) is the selection, by a government, of the most physical, intellectual and moral persons to raise the next generation (selective breeding) and a close alignment of public health with eugenics. ... It has been suggested that silent ethnic cleansing be merged into this article or section. ... Human genetics is the study of genetics as applied to humans. ... {{dablink|For alternative meanings, see nature (disambiguation). ...

Accusations of ecofascism among other groups today

For some, cries from mainstream ecologists for regulation of human reproduction and reduction of the world population are suggestive of anti-humanist Nazi policies. However, proponents of population control policies have reacted strongly against these comparisons, regarding them as merely attempts to slander certain sections of the environmental movement (see the article on deep ecology for more details). Humanism is a system of thought that defines a socio-political doctrine (-ism) whose bounds exceed those of locally developed cultures, to include all of humanity and all issues common to human beings. ... Population control is the practice of limiting population increase, usually by reducing the birth rate. ... Deep ecology is a recent philosophy or ecosophy based on a shift away from the anthropocentric bias of established environmental and green movements. ...

In the United Kingdom, the Third Way political party has been accused by left-wing watchdog groups of ecofascism, although Third Way says it has renounced all fascist ideology and describes itself as in the "radical center". There has been a history of environmentalist views being held by the far-right in the UK, notably by Henry Williamson, Rolf Gardiner, Jorian Jenks and the "Blackshirt Farmer" Bob Saunders. Some have also accused the "radical antiquarian" John Michell of holding ecofascist views. In his 1995 book The Village That Died For England, concerned with the Dorset village of Tyneham which was requisitioned by the British Army, Patrick Wright details much of the history of British ecofascism during the Second World War. In Germany, Herbert Gruhl has been accused of being an ecofascist, as have conspiracy theorist David Icke in the U.K. and Pentti Linkola in Finland. Gruhl and Icke are both former Green Party leaders in their respective countries although both are persona non grata in those countries' Green Parties today. The Third Way is a British political party which was formed on March 17, 1990. ... Henry Williamson (December 1, 1895 - August 13, 1977), prolific English author known for his natural and social history novels. ... 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Dorset (pronounced Dorsit, sometimes in the past called Dorsetshire) is a county in the southwest of England, on the English Channel coast. ... Tyneham is a ghost village in south Dorset, England, near Lulworth on the Isle of Purbeck. ... The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. ... Patrick Wright is a British academic, broadcaster and writer in the fields of cultural studies and cultural history. ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... David Icke David Vaughan Icke, pronounced // (born April 29, 1952) is a former professional football player, reporter, television sports presenter, and British Green Party national spokesperson. ... Pentti Linkola (December 7, 1932) is a radical Finnish philosopher and environmentalist. ... This article is about the green parties around the world. ...

Rush Limbaugh and other conservative and Wise Use Movement commentators have used "ecofascist" and "eco-Nazi" as political epithets to refer to the environmental movement as a whole, including Greenpeace and the Sierra Club. Rush Limbaugh. ... The wise use movement is a loose affiliation of activists inspired by the work of Ron Arnold. ... Greenpeace is an international environmental organization founded in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada in 1971. ... The Sierra Club is an American environmental organization founded on May 28, 1892 in San Francisco, California by the well-known conservationist John Muir, who became its first president. ...

Quotes

"We recognize that separating humanity from nature, from the whole of life, leads to humankind’s own destruction and to the death of nations. Only through a re-integration of humanity into the whole of nature can our people be made stronger. That is the fundamental point of the biological tasks of our age. Humankind alone is no longer the focus of thought, but rather life as a whole . . . This striving toward connectedness with the totality of life, with nature itself, a nature into which we are born, this is the deepest meaning and the true essence of National Socialist thought."

Ernst Lehmann, Biologischer Wille. Wege und Ziele biologischer Arbeit im neuen Reich, München, 1934

"..."ecofascism" has come to be used mainly as an attack term, with social ecology roots, against the deep ecology movement and its supporters plus, more generally, the environmental movement. Thus, "ecofascist" and "ecofascism", are used not to enlighten but to smear."

David Orton - Ecofascism: What is It? A Left Biocentric Analysis

"I think the growing disregard for the environment, culture and heritage is a natural consequence of capitalism. When people care more about profit than the world they live in that is what happens."

Varg Vikernes, neo-Nazi black metal musician and writer [1]

Varg Vikernes Varg Qisling Larssøn Vikernes, born Kristian Vikernes on February 11, 1973, outside of Bergen, Norway. ... The terms Neo-Nazism and Neo-Fascism refer to any social or political movement to revive Nazism or Fascism, respectively, and postdates the Second World War. ... Black metal is a musical genre which emerged in the early 1980s predating the great expansion of heavy metal extreme genres. ...

See also

• national anarchism
• Pentti Linkola
• Ecological Democratic Party
• Herbert Gruhl
• Julius Evola
• Savitri Devi
• Unabhängige Ökologen Deutschlands
• Libertarian National Socialist Green Party

National Anarchism is a movement that combines anarchism and nationalism, with intellectual roots in third positionism and the writings of the neo-Spenglerian Francis Parker Yockey. ... Pentti Linkola (December 7, 1932) is a radical Finnish philosopher and environmentalist. ... The Ecological Democratic Party (German: Ökologisch-Demokratische Partei, ÖDP) is an environmentalist political party in Germany. ... Julius Evola, born Giulio Cesare Andrea Evola, aka Baron Giulio (May 19, 1898-June 11, 1974), was a controversial Italian esotericist, who wrote prolifically on matters political, philosophical, historical, and religious from a Traditionalist point of view. ... Savitri Devi (September 30, 1905 - October 22, 1982) was a Franco-Greek woman who became enamored with Hinduism and National Socialism, linking the Aryan invasion theory to Adolf Hitler, and proclaiming him an avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu. ... The Libertarian National Socialist Green Party (LNSGP) is the name of a think-tank published from the United States using the domain name . ...

External links

• Janet Biehl and Peter Staudenmaier - Ecofascism - Lessons from the German experience
• David Orton - Ecofascism: What is It?
• Defending Steiner - Peter Staudenmaier's Anthroposophy and Ecofascism
• Peter Zegers - The Dark Side of Political Ecology
• http://www.livingstonemusic.net/hangman.htm - An essay concerning the links between environmentalism and the far-right
• Derek Wall - Darker shades of green
• [2] - Third Front Politics and Traditionalism