Hurricane Katrina 2005 Atlantic hurricane season Lowest pressure 902 mbar (hPa; 26. ... The 2005 Atlantic hurricane season was the most active Atlantic hurricane season in recorded history, shattering previous records on repeated occasions. ...

General Image File history File links Katrina-noaaGOES12. ... Timeline Meteorological history Preparations New Orleans preparedness Impact This article contains a historical timeline of the events of Hurricane Katrina. ... The path of Hurricane Katrina. ... This article covers the details of the Preparations for Hurricane Katrina, a major category 5 hurricane that devastated parts of Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama. ... New Orleans, Louisiana sits between (and below) the Mississippi River and Lake Pontchartrain. ... Economic effects Political effects Criticism of gov't response Social effects Effects by region Effects on Mississippi Effects on New Orleans Levee failures Infrastructure repairs Reconstruction Relief The devastation wrought by Hurricane Katrina has already begun to have significant political effects manifested in criticism of the government response. ... The neutrality of this section is disputed. ... The impact and aftermath of Hurricane Katrina led to one of the most severe humanitarian crises in the history of the United States. ... This article describes the impact of Hurricane Katrina on different regions of the United States and nearby areas. ... Damage to Long Beach, Mississippi following Hurricane Katrina. ... {{Katrina) nathan cuff got on my compute ... Sketch of New Orleans (shaded grey), indicating the locations of the principal breaches in the levees/floodwalls (dark blue arrows). ... When Category 4 storm Hurricane Katrina slammed into New Orleans, on the night before August 29, 2005, storm surges estimated at 20 feet took place; levee height was about 17 feet. ... The effect of Hurricane Katrina on New Orleans was catastrophic. ... Disaster relief International response Analysis This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Many countries and international organizations have offered the United States relief aid in the wake of Hurricane Katrina. ... Alternative theories Historical context Media involvement Other wikis Following the destruction wrought by Hurricane Katrina, various conjectures were put forward suggesting that Katrina was not an ordinary natural event, but was instead influenced by human behavior or supernatural forces. ... Hurricane Katrina was the third most intense to hit the United States in recorded history. ... It has been suggested that Hardy Jackson be merged into this article or section. ... Commons: Katrina images Wikinews: Katrina stories Wikisource: Katrina sources

The economic effects of Hurricane Katrina, which hit Louisiana and Mississippi in late August 2005, were far-reaching. As of April, 2006, the Bush Administration has sought $105 Billion for repairs and reconstruction in the region, making it the costliest natural disaster in US history.^[1] And this does not account for damage to the economy caused by potential interruption of the oil supply and exports of commodities such as grain. Also, before the hurricane, the region supported approximately one million non-farm jobs, with 600,000 of them in New Orleans. As such, the total economic impact to Louisiana and Mississippi may exceed $150 Billion.^[2] Lowest pressure 902 mbar (hPa; 26. ... This Article does not cite its references or sources. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... ISO 4217 Code USD User(s) the United States, the British Virgin Islands, East Timor, Ecuador, El Salvador, the Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Panama, Turks and Caicos Islands, and the insular areas of the United States Inflation 3. ... Pumpjack pumping an oil well near Sarnia, Ontario Ignacy Łukasiewicz - inventor of the refining of kerosene from crude oil. ... Nickname: The Crescent City, The Big Easy, The City That Care Forgot, NOLA (acronym for New Orleans, LA) Location in the State of Louisiana and the United States Coordinates: Country United States State Louisiana Parish Orleans Founded 1718 Mayor Ray Nagin (D) Area    - City 350. ... ISO 4217 Code USD User(s) the United States, the British Virgin Islands, East Timor, Ecuador, El Salvador, the Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Panama, Turks and Caicos Islands, and the insular areas of the United States Inflation 3. ...

Individual effects

Hundreds of thousands of residents of southern Louisiana and Mississippi, including nearly everyone who lived in New Orleans, were left unemployed. No paychecks were being cashed and no money was being spent, and therefore no taxes were being collected by local governments. The lack of revenue will limit the resources of the affected communities and states for years to come. Before the storm, the region was already one of the poorest in America with one of the highest unemployment rates. Furthermore, Jim Sensenbrenner, Republican chairman of the House Judiciary Committee, has refused to allow victims of the hurricane to take advantage of any exception to the recent Bankruptcy Reform, a recent bill passed with widespread support of the banking industry that aims to curb abuse of bankruptcy protection by repeat filers and those who are able to repay debts reasonably. "If someone in Katrina is down and out, and has no possibility of being able to repay 40% or more of their debts, then the new bankruptcy law doesn't apply," Sensenbrenner said.^[3] Frank James (Jim) Sensenbrenner, Jr. ... U.S. House Committee on the Judiciary, or (more commonly) the House Judiciary Committee, is a standing committee of the United States House of Representatives. ... The Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005, Pub. ...

There was also some concern when, on September 8, 2005, President Bush temporarily suspended the Davis-Bacon Act in the affected areas, which allowed for contractors working on Federal construction projects to be paid less than the prevailing local wage.^[4] The concerns over these actions were primarily that allowing the government to pay less than the prevailing wage would contribute to increased poverty in the region, which already ranked among the lowest in the nation in terms of household income.^[5] The act was later reinstated on October 26, 2005, amid political pressure from both Democrats and Republicans in Congress. September 8 is the 251st day of the year (252nd in leap years). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The neutrality of this article is disputed. ... October 26 is the 299th day of the year (300th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 66 days remaining. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A congress is a gathering of people, especially a gathering for a political purpose. ...

Industrial and commercial effects

Oil production

See also: Oil price increases of 2004 and 2005

The storm interrupted oil production, importation, and refining in the Gulf area, thus having a major effect on fuel prices. Before the storm, one-tenth of all the crude oil consumed in the United States and almost half of the gasoline produced in the country comes from refineries in the states along the Gulf's shores. An additional 24% of the natural gas supply is extracted or imported in the region. Furthermore, the nation's Strategic Petroleum Reserve is also stored in this region. Crude oil price in 2004-2006 Average US retail price of regular unleaded gasoline Oil prices from 1861-2006 in dollars of the day and 2006 dollars. ... Pumpjack pumping an oil well near Sarnia, Ontario Petroleum (from Greek petra – rock and elaion – oil or Latin oleum – oil ) or crude oil is a thick, dark brown or greenish liquid. ... Natural gas is commonly referred to as gas. ... The Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) is an emergency petroleum store maintained by the United States Department of Energy. ...

Power outages in the wake of Katrina have also caused distribution problems for oil and natural gas. Pipelines which move petroleum products from places like Houston to areas of the east coast have had their flows interrupted because power outages shut down the pumps that kept materials flowing. Dick Cheney personally called the manager of the Southern Pines Electric Power Association on the night of August 30 and again the next morning and ordered him to divert power crews to substations in nearby Collins that were essential to the operation of the Colonial Pipeline, which carries gasoline and diesel fuel from Texas to the Northeast.^[6] Houston redirects here. ... Richard Bruce Dick Cheney (born January 30, 1941) is the 46th and current Vice President of the United States, serving under President George W. Bush. ... August 30 is the 242nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (243rd in leap years), with 123 days remaining. ... A 115 kV to 41. ... Collins is a city located in Covington County, Mississippi. ... Colonial Pipeline [1], headquartered in Alpharetta, Ga. ... Rudolf Christian Karl Diesel (1858-1913), inventor of the Diesel engine. ... Official language(s) See: Languages of Texas Capital Austin Largest city Houston Area  Ranked 2nd  - Total 268,581 sq mi (695,622 km²)  - Width 773 miles (1,244 km)  - Length 790 miles (1,270 km)  - % water 2. ... Regional definitions vary The Northeastern United States is a region of the United States defined by the U.S. Census Bureau. ...

At least twenty offshore oil platforms were missing, sunk, or had gone adrift, according to the U.S. Coast Guard. One oil rig, in dock for repairs before the storm, broke loose and hit the Cochrane/Africatown USA road bridge over the Mobile River in Mobile, Alabama. Two others went adrift in the Gulf of Mexico, but they were recovered. One platform, originally located 12 mi (20 km) off the Louisiana coast, has washed up onshore at Dauphin Island, Alabama. Shell Oil Company's MARS platform, producing around 147,000 barrels (23,000 m³) per day, was also severely damaged. An oil platform is a large structure used to house workers and machinery needed to drill and then produce oil and natural gas in the ocean. ... Coast Guard shield The United States Coast Guard is the coast guard of the United States. ... The Mobile River located in southern Alabama, United States. ... Nickname: The Azalea City Coordinates: Country US State Alabama County Mobile Founded 1702 Incorporated 1814 Mayor Sam Jones Area    - City 412. ... Dauphin Island is a town located in Mobile County, Alabama, on a barrier island also named Dauphin Island. ... The Shell emblem known as the Pecten Shell Oil Company (SOC) is the Houston, Texas based wholly-owned subsidiary of Royal Dutch Shell. ...

At 7:00 AM CDT on August 29, Ted Falgout, Port Director of Port Fourchon, Louisiana, a key oil and gas hub 60 mi (100 km) south of New Orleans on the Gulf of Mexico, reported that the port had taken a direct hit from the hurricane. The port services approximately 16% of the nation’s supply of crude oil and natural gas.^[7] According to Falgout, Hurricane Katrina, "will impact oil and gas infrastructure, not just short term but long term as well. The impact of the storm — the Gulf is shut down; all of the area of the storm is shut down; a half billion dollars a day of oil and gas is unavailable." August 29 is the 241st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (242nd in leap years), with 124 days remaining. ... Port Fourchon is a small community on the southern tip of Lafourche Parish, Louisiana, on the Gulf of Mexico. ...

Port Fourchon takes direct hit from Katrina(7AM CDT,29 August 2005)

The Louisiana Offshore Oil Port, which imports 11% of all U.S. oil consumption, closed on August 27, and Shell reported a reduction in production of 420,000 barrels per day (770 L/s).^[8] The port was undamaged by the storm and resumed operation within hours of getting power back. Image File history File links File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... August 29 is the 241st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (242nd in leap years), with 124 days remaining. ... The Louisiana Offshore Oil Port (LOOP) is a deepwater port in the Gulf of Mexico off the coast of Louisiana near the town of Port Fourchon. ... August 27 is the 239th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (240th in leap years), with 126 days remaining. ...

Due to fears that the production of oil in the United States will be cut by up to one-third of normal capacity, the price of oil fluctuated greatly. West Texas Intermediate crude oil futures reached a record high of over $70 per barrel ($0.44/L). There were many reports to Louisiana authorities and elsewhere of price gouging, not only for gasoline, but also for other needed items such as bottled water. In some areas, gasoline was being sold for as much as $6 per gallon ($1.59 per liter). One BP station in Stockbridge, Georgia, south of Atlanta, was selling gas at $5.87 per gallon ($1.55 per liter) less than a day after Katrina hit. Just before the storm, average fuel prices were approximately $2.50 per US gallon ($0.66/L). International oil prices also rose. In the United Kingdom, pump prices for unleaded petrol (gas) hit £1 per litre ($7 per U.S. gallon) for the first time in a significant number of places (averaging about 95p), a rise of about 3% from pre-Katrina prices. Wholesale prices were up 5% by September 6.^[9] ISO 4217 Code USD User(s) the United States, the British Virgin Islands, East Timor, Ecuador, El Salvador, the Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Panama, Turks and Caicos Islands, and the insular areas of the United States Inflation 3. ... Price gouging is a term of variable, but nearly always pejorative, meaning, referring to a sellers asking a price that is much higher than what is seen as fair under the circumstances. ... ISO 4217 Code USD User(s) the United States, the British Virgin Islands, East Timor, Ecuador, El Salvador, the Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Panama, Turks and Caicos Islands, and the insular areas of the United States Inflation 3. ... Stockbridge is a city located in Henry County, Georgia. ... Nickname: Hotlanta, The Big Peach, The ATL, A-Town Location in Fulton County in the state of Georgia Coordinates: Country United States State Georgia Counties Fulton, Dekalb Mayor Shirley Franklin (D) Area    - City 343. ... ISO 4217 Code GBP User(s) United Kingdom Inflation 2. ... Above: A variety of coins considered to be lower-value, including an Irish 2p piece and many US pennies. ... September 6 is the 249th day of the year (250th in leap years). ...

Long lines developed at some gas stations throughout the U.S. as customers rushed to buy gasoline, anticipating price increases in the wake of the storm. Emphasizing the seriousness of the situation and in light of similar incidents in his own state, Governor Mike Easley of North Carolina has issued a statement asking all North Carolinians to conserve gas, limit fuel consumption and non-essential road trips, and for state employees to car pool.^[10] On the day of the Governor's announcement, many gas stations around the state ran out of gas and lines were formed at others. Mike Easley Michael Francis Easley (born March 23, 1950) is the current Democratic governor of the U.S. state of North Carolina. ... This article is the current U.S. Collaboration of the Week. ...

By 12:00 PM CDT on August 31, eight Gulf of Mexico refineries remained shut down and one was operating at reduced capacity. Evaluation of five of the eight refineries was delayed due to limited access. Aside from the problems involved in restarting the refineries (which is a lengthy process) there were additional major issues with worker housing, since a large proportion of homes were destroyed by the hurricane. August 31 is the 243rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (244th in leap years), with 122 days remaining. ...

The Environmental Protection Agency moved to reduce prices by temporarily lifting fuel standards in America until September 15. Some crude oil was also released from the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, as well, to combat prices as major economic consequences were predicted if prices remained high for a long period of time — leading consumer spending to drop and causing many foreign economies, especially in Asia, to suffer. President Bush also temporarily waived the Jones Act, allowing foreign oil companies to ship oil between ports of the United States. September 15 is the 258th day of the year (259th in leap years). ... The Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) is an emergency petroleum store maintained by the United States Department of Energy. ... President Bush can refer to: George H. W. Bush (born 1924), the 41st President of the United States (1989–1993) and father of George W. Bush George W. Bush (born 1946), the 43rd President of the United States (2001–present) and son of George H. W. Bush crap you Category... For the law that concerned Puerto Rico, see Jones-Shafroth Act The Jones Act (aka Merchant Marine Act) is a United States Federal statute that requires U.S.-flagged vessels to be built in the United States, owned by U.S. citizens, and documented under the laws of the United...

By September 7, Gulf oil production had returned to 42% of normal. Of 10 refineries that were shut down by Katrina, four were expected to be back at full capacity within a week, however another four could be out of commission for months. September 7 is the 250th day of the year (251st in leap years). ...

Gambling and entertainment

Katrina forced many casinos along the Mississippi Gulf Coast to close and evacuate. The Hard Rock Hotel & Casino was scheduled to open the first week of September, but has remained closed indefinitely due to structural damage. The Beau Rivage was severely damaged by water that reached the third floor, but seems to have suffered the least damage of the beachfront casinos. Grand Casino Biloxi had its mammoth gaming barge blown across U.S. 90. Treasure Bay's pirate ship was washed ashore. The President Casino Biloxi was washed across U.S. 90 and landed on top of a Holiday Inn, nearly a mile (2 km) from the casino's berth. // A list of casinos. ... The Hard Rock Casino Biloxi is a casino and resort located in Biloxi, Mississippi. ... Grand Casino Biloxi was the name of a gambling establishment in Biloxi Mississippi. ... A pirate is one who robs or plunders at sea without a commission from a recognised sovereign nation. ... Holiday Inn is a brand name applied to hotels within the InterContinental Hotels Group. ... An illustration of a mooring A mooring (also moorage) strictly speaking, refers to any device used to hold secure an object by means of cables, anchors, or lines though most often it is specifically a device to which a boat can attach so that it can remain in the same...

In Gulfport, the western Grand Casino Gulfport barge, containing Kid's Quest, washed across U.S. 90 and was left blocking the highway. The Copa Casino barge was pushed onto land next to the Grand Casino Gulfport's parking garage. Casino Magic and Isle of Capri in Biloxi both suffered heavy damage to their gaming barges, likely beyond repair. Before the storm, at least 14,000 people were employed at Gulf Coast casinos. Gulfport, Mississippi city flag. ... Grand Casino Gulfport is the name of a gambling establishment in Gulfport Mississippi. ... Self propelled barge carrying bulk crushed stone A barge is a flat-bottomed boat, built mainly for river and canal transport of heavy goods. ... United States Highway 90 is an east-west United States highway. ... Grand Casino Gulfport is the name of a gambling establishment in Gulfport Mississippi. ... A multi-storey car park is a building or part thereof which is designed specifically to be for vehicle parking and where there are a number of floors on which parking takes place. ...

Harrah's New Orleans closed shortly before the storm and sustained storm damage. The building was also used by first responders as a base of operations in the days following the storm. The casino reopened on February 17, 2006, just in time for Mardi Gras,^[11] and the Beau Rivage Resort and Casino in Biloxi, Mississippi, reopened on August 29, 2006, on the one year anniversary of Hurricane Katrina's landfall.^[12] The Grand Casino Biloxi is undergoing extensive renovation, and is expected to reopen during the summer of 2006.^[13] The Grand Casino Gulfport was destroyed as portions of the structure collapsed across Highway 90 and was demolished.^[14] February 17 is the 48th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Mardi Gras (French for Fat Tuesday) is the day before Ash Wednesday, and is also called Shrove Tuesday or Pancake Day. It is the final day of Carnival (English:IPA: and Romance languages:IPA: ). It is a celebration that is held just before the beginning of the Christian liturgical season... Biloxi and Mississippi coast Biloxi () is a city in Harrison County, Mississippi, in the United States. ... August 29 is the 241st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (242nd in leap years), with 124 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Mississippi will lose approximately $500,000 in tax revenue for each day that the Biloxi-area riverboat casinos are closed, and about $140,000 per day for the South River region casinos. As a comparison, in 2004, Mississippi earned $2.7 billion in casino revenues, third behind Nevada and New Jersey ($10.3 billion and $4.8 billion, respectively). ISO 4217 Code USD User(s) the United States, the British Virgin Islands, East Timor, Ecuador, El Salvador, the Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Panama, Turks and Caicos Islands, and the insular areas of the United States Inflation 3. ... A tax (also known as a duty) is a financial charge or other levy imposed on an individual or a legal entity by a state or a functional equivalent of a state (e. ... Biloxi and Mississippi coast Biloxi () is a city in Harrison County, Mississippi, in the United States. ... A Riverboat casino is a type of casino unique to several areas of the United States. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Official language(s) None, English de facto Capital Trenton Largest city Newark Area  Ranked 47th  - Total 8,729 sq mi (22,608 km²)  - Width 70 miles (110 km)  - Length 150 miles (240 km)  - % water 14. ...

Agriculture and forestry

According to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), the national impact of Hurricane Katrina on Gulf Coast crops was minimal, with most of the damage borne by minor producers of major crops (corn, soybeans, and cotton).^[15]. The main impact of the storm on agriculture is likely to involve ocean shipping and exports. In 2004, 22% of U.S. wheat exports, 71% of corn exports, and 65% of soybean exports passed through Gulf ports. However, major grain shipping usually does not occur until later in the fall, when ports would again be operational.^[16] The U.S. Department of Agriculture, also called the Agriculture Department, or USDA, is a Cabinet department of the United States Federal Government. ... The economic effects of Hurricane Katrina, which hit Louisiana and Mississippi in late August 2005, were far-reaching. ...

In addition to the 48 Mississippi counties covered by the Presidential primary natural disaster designation, the USDA declared an additional 31 counties as primary agricultural disaster areas. This made farmers and other agricultural producers eligible for low interest emergency loans to cover losses. The remaining four Mississippi counties were classified as, "contiguous" and were also eligible for assistance.^[17]

Gulfport, Mississippi serves as a major ocean shipping port for the southern United States, which was found to be inoperable for as much as one year. Chiquita, Dole, Crowley, Gearbulk, P&O, and others had significant operations in Gulfport. On a short-term basis these companies have relocated necessary operations to unaffected ports. Gulfport, Mississippi city flag. ... Damaged package The Panama canal. ... Chiquita Brands International Inc. ... Dole Food Company, Inc. ... Crowley Maritime Corporation, based in Oakland, California, and founded in 1892, is primarily a family and employee-owned company that provides transportation and logistics services in US and international markets by means of four operating lines of business: Liner Services; Logistics Services; Petroleum Services and Marine Services. ... The Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company, which is usually known as P&O, is a British shipping and logistics company which dates from the early 19th century. ...

Forestry constitutes a major industry in southern Mississippi, accounting for 10% of all jobs in the state.^[18] According to the Mississippi Forestry Commission, Hurricane Katrina caused significant damage to 1.3 million acres (5,300 km²) of forestland in the state. The greatest damage occurred from the coastal counties northward to Laurel, with heavy damage to pine forests in Hancock, Harrison, and Pearl River counties. A decidous beech forest in Slovenia. ... Laurel is a city located in Jones County in Mississippi, a state of the United States of America. ... Hancock County is a county located in the state of Mississippi. ... Harrison County is a county located in the state of Mississippi. ... Pearl River County is a county located in the state of Mississippi. ...

An estimated 14.6 million cords (52,900,000 m³) of paperwood and 3.2 billion board feet (7,600,000 m³) of sawtimber were destroyed. The estimated economic impact of this loss was $1.3 billion. Additionally, there was an estimated $1.1 billion in damage to urban trees in 181 Mississippi communities.^[19] Wood burning is the largest current use of biomass derived energy. ... The board foot is a specialized unit of volume for measuring lumber in the United States. ...

Utilities

The local electric utility Entergy Corporation was impacted severely, and Entergy New Orleans filed for bankruptcy protection on September 23, 2005. The company cited lower revenue and storm restoration costs as the primary cause. Parent company Entergy Corporation promptly arranged $100 Million in financing. Entergy Corporation (NYSE: ETR), based in New Orleans, Louisiana, is a Delaware chartered corporation engaged in electric power production, retail distribution operations, energy marketing and trading, and gas transportation. ... September 23 is the 266th day of the year (267th in leap years). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... ISO 4217 Code USD User(s) the United States, the British Virgin Islands, East Timor, Ecuador, El Salvador, the Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Panama, Turks and Caicos Islands, and the insular areas of the United States Inflation 3. ...

See also

• Damage to infrastructure by Hurricane Katrina
• Hurricane Katrina effects by region
• Oil price increases of 2004-2006

Here is a partial list of major damage to infrastructure and public works as a result of Hurricane Katrina, and, when known, their repair timeline and cost. ... This article describes the impact of Hurricane Katrina on different regions of the United States and nearby areas. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

References