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Arnold Toynbee - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (888 words) |
 | Arnold Toynbee (August 23, 1852 - March 9, 1883) was a British economic historian also noted for his social commitment and desire to improve the living conditions of the working class. |
| Toynbee was born in London as the son of the physician Joseph Toynbee, a pioneering otolaryngologist in his time; the more famous universal historian Arnold Joseph Toynbee (1889-1975), with whom he is often confused, was his nephew. |
| Another idea Toynbee dismissed was to consider free competition as universally beneficial to economic and societal progress, especially as reflected in its apotheosis in Social Darwinism, which promotes laissez-faire capitalism. |
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