NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Economic history of Hamilton, Ontario

Below is the Economic History of Hamilton, Ontario: Nickname: Ambitious City, Steeltown, The Hammer Motto: Together Aspire - Together Achieve Location in the province of Ontario, Canada Coordinates: Country Province Canada Ontario Incorporated June 9, 1846 [1] Mayor Fred Eisenberger City Council Hamilton City Council Representatives MPs and MPPs Area - City 1,138. ...

The beginning

In the beginning, the Head-of-the-Lake (Present day Hamilton)^[1] was covered in forest. In 1815 a chopping mill becomes the first industry in the area.^[2] Growth of the area was aided in 1827 by a channel cut to link Burlington Bay directly with Lake Ontario, thus improving its marine transportation.^[3] In 1833, George Hamilton’s settlement was incorporated as a police village. On January 8, 1833 the Legislature passed a further act "To define the limits of the Town of Hamilton, in the District of Gore, and to establish a Police and public market therein."^[4] When the Town of Hamilton was incorporated in 1833, one of the first orders of business, after a closely fought election where 3 out of the 4 candidates had no opposition, was to find a suitable place for the town board to meet. For the first few years they made do with meeting in local taverns such as Thomas Wilson's inn on the corner of John and Jackson Streets. ^[5] Also in 1833 (February 16), The Garland, a local newspaper, publishes a synopsis, Hamilton contained "about one hundred and twenty dwelling houses and upwards of one thousand inhabitants" and then went on to list 4 public buildings, 7 taverns, 16 stores, 2 watchmakers, 2 saddlers, 4 merchant tailors, 4 cabinet makers, 4 boot and shoe makers, 2 bakers, 4 newspapers, 1 druggist, 1 tin and sheet iron manufactory, 1 hatter and 3 milleneries.^[3] April 5-12: Mount Tambora explodes, changing climate. ... Naval Battle of Navarino by Carneray 1827 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Burlington Bay, also known as Hamilton Harbour, is a branch of Lake Ontario bounded on the northwest by the City of Burlington, on the south by the City of Hamilton, and on the east by Hamilton Beach (south of the Skyway Bridge) and Burlington Beach (north of the channel). ... Lake Ontario (French: lac Ontario), bounded on the north by Ontario and on the south by Ontarios Niagara Peninsula and by New York State, is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. ... 1833 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

Early industry

Hugh Cossart Baker, Sr. establishes the first life insurance company in Canada 21 August, 1847; the Canada Life Assurance Company.^[4] The newly renamed Great Western Railway (Ontario) became Hamilton’s first functioning railway in 1854. Completion of this railway and the Niagara Suspension Bridge transforms Hamilton into a major centre and part of the American immigration route from New York or Boston to Chicago or Milwaukee.^[4] The following season in 1856, Daniel C. Gunn engine shop on Wellington Street North, produces the first Canadian-built locomotives.^[4] 1847 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Canada Life Financial Coporation TSX: CL is a Canadian company that offers life, health, and disability insurance for groups and individuals. ... This article is about a historic railway which operated in the British colony of Canada West, later the Canadian province of Ontario. ... 1854 (MDCCCLIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... NY redirects here. ... Nickname: City on the Hill, Beantown, The Hub (of the Universe)1, Athens of America, The Cradle of Revolution, Puritan City, Americas Walking City Location in Massachusetts, USA Counties Suffolk County Mayor Thomas M. Menino(D) Area - City 232. ... Nickname: The Windy City, The Second City, Chi Town, The City of Big Shoulders, The 312, The City that Works Motto: Urbs In Horto (Latin: City in a Garden), I Will Location in Chicagoland and Illinois Coordinates: Country United States State Illinois County Cook & DuPage Incorporated March 4, 1837 - Mayor... This article is about Milwaukee in Wisconsin. ... 1856 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

In 1862, The city had invested in the Great Western Railway (Ontario) but the government of Canada favoured the rival Grant Funk Railway. Also the end of the Depression (1857-1862) and population dips downwards in Hamilton and the city could not meet the interest on it's bonds, many of which were held by British investors. To save the city from it's creditors temporarily, Henry Beasley removes the assessment rolls, thus preventing a levy of special tax. Foundries and machine shops associated with the Great Western Railway failed and several established wholesalers closed their accounts. Daniel C. Gunn's locomotive works went bankrupt, but the manufacturers of farm implements and stoves-the mainstays of iron foundries- were able to weather the crisis. Those owned by Dennis Moore and the Copp brothers endured, but their employees suffered wage cuts and layoffs. Canadian patent laws and the underemployed workers skilled in machinist trades lured an important new industrial enterprise from the U.S.A.- the manufacture of sewing machines by Richard Wanzer. From this development there evolved the ready-made clothing industry, which William Eli Sanford introduced locally. From judicial village to commercial town to railway centre, Hamilton moved to an ever stronger dependency on industry.^[4] Then in the 1870s decade; Confederation era Hamilton boosters lose a commercial and financial edge to Toronto and consciously shift to the economic strategy of attracting industry.^[4] 1862 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... This article is about a historic railway which operated in the British colony of Canada West, later the Canadian province of Ontario. ... Look up depression in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Hamilton unionists and other working class people gave birth in 1872 to the Nine Hour Movement, urging the government to limit working hours to nine per day.^[2] 1872 (MDCCCLXXII) was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ...

One of the oldest companies still in operation today (January 2007) in the Hamilton region got it's start in 1882. Ernest D’Israeli Smith, (E.D. Smith), after being frustrated by paying to have his fruit transported from the Stoney Creek area, had founded a company in 1882 to market directly to wholesalers and eliminate the middleman. E.D. Smith & Sons Ltd. and since the early 1900s has sold manufactured preserves and jams. Its namesake founder served as the Conservative MP for Wentworth around the turn of the 20th century.^[4] Year 1882 (MDCCCLXXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar. ... E.D. Smith was a Canadian businessman and politician who founded food company that bears his name. ... E.D. Smith was a Canadian businessman and politician who founded food company that bears his name. ...

Robert B. Harris (along with his brother John M. Harris) establish the Hamilton Herald newspaper in 1889. Begins publishing on August 1st becoming Hamilton's first one-cent newspaper. Hamilton then becomes a 3-newspaper town: The Hamilton Spectator, The Hamilton Times and The Hamilton Herald.^[6] 1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

In 1893, Hamilton's first large department store opens up; The Right House on James Street. This later became Oak Hall.^[7] 1893 (MDCCCXCIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

Telephone City

Hamilton also played a role in the early development of the telephone. First on June 20, 1877, Hugh Cossart Baker, Jr. starts up the first commercial telephone service in Canada in the city of Hamilton ^[3] and then in 1878, he made the first telephone exchange in the British Empire. This was also the second telephone exchange in all of North America.^[3] The following season on 15 May 1879 he makes Hamilton the site of the first commercial long distance telephone line in the British Empire.^[3] In 1880, (Apr 29) Hugh Cossart Baker, Jr. received a charter to build a national telephone company in Hamilton, Ontario. It was called the Hamilton Telephone Company and this was the charter that enabled the creation of the Bell Telephone Company in Canada. Hugh Cossart Baker, Jr. became the manager of the Ontario division until he retired in 1909. ^[8] Baker learned of Alexander Graham Bell's invention in 1877 at the Philadelphia International Exposition and from there decided to test the communication tool in Hamilton.^[8] He leased four telephones for himself and his chess partners and on August 29, 1877, the telephone replaced the telegraph as the means to discuss their chess moves.^[8] Baker is also credited with helping to create the Hamilton Street Railway Company, the Hamilton Real Estate Association and the Canada Fire and Marine Insurance Company - all before he was 30-years old.^[8] 1877 (MDCCCLXXVII) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1878 (MDCCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The British Empire in 1897, marked in pink, the traditional colour for Imperial British dominions on maps. ... 1879 (MDCCCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1880 (MDCCCLXXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar). ... Nickname: Ambitious City, Steeltown, The Hammer Motto: Together Aspire - Together Achieve Location in the province of Ontario, Canada Coordinates: Country Province Canada Ontario Incorporated June 9, 1846 [1] Mayor Fred Eisenberger City Council Hamilton City Council Representatives MPs and MPPs Area - City 1,138. ... AT&T Corporate Logo, 1969-1983 The Bell System is an informal name given to the US telecommunications company American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT&T) before AT&T divested its local exchange telephone service operating companies on January 1, 1984. ... Year 1909 (MCMIX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Alexander Graham Bell (1847-1922) Alexander Graham Bell (March 3, 1847 â€“ August 2, 1800) was a Scottish scientist and inventor who emigrated to Canada and later the United States. ... 1877 (MDCCCLXXVII) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1877 (MDCCCLXXVII) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... The Hamilton Street Railway (abbreviated as HSR) is the name of the organization which operates all public transit vehicles in the city of Hamilton, Ontario. ...

"The Electric City"

Sir John Morison Gibson forms The Dominion Power and Transmission Company in 1896, that brought hydroelectric power, for the first time, to Hamilton, from their plant, at DeCrew Falls. ^[6] "One big reason" for almost 75% increase in the population of Hamilton between 1901 and 1912, boasted Sir John Morison Gibson of Dominion Power and Transmission Company, was "Cheap Electric Power Furnished By Us." This simplistic explanation for the development of Hamilton in the early twentieth century leaves much unexamined, but one conclusion cannot be disputed. In the perception of the Hamilton public, a view certainly fostered by Gibson and his fellow hydroelectric promoters, Hamilton was no longer regarded the Birmingham of Canada or the Pittsburgh of Canada Hamilton was now, as the title of a 1906 promotional booklet on the city proudly proclaimed, "The Electric City." ^[6] Sir John Morison Gibson became the Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario in 1908. (1908-1914).^[7] The Honourable Sir John Morison Gibson, KCMG, KC (January 1, 1842-1929) Born in 1842 in Toronto, the son of Scottish immigrants, John Morison Gibson was educated at the University of Toronto. ... The Honourable Sir John Morison Gibson, KCMG, KC (January 1, 1842-1929) Born in 1842 in Toronto, the son of Scottish immigrants, John Morison Gibson was educated at the University of Toronto. ... Year 1896 (MDCCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar). ... 1906 (MCMVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1908 (MCMVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

The city's promotional booklets were stressing three key areas to lure new business and heavy industry to the city :

Big industry arrives

The first Westinghouse manufacturing operation outside of the United States was established in Hamilton, Ontario in 1897 on Sanford Avenue, one year after The Dominion Power and Transmission Company was formed in Hamilton. This marked a new industrial era for Hamilton^[2] Company founder George Westinghouse set up a factory to build air brakes for the booming rail industry. Eventually the company was producing from it's Hamilton plants electric ranges, refrigerators and washing machines. During each of the wars it was also producing guns, ammunition, anti-radar devices and bomb sights. At it's peak in 1955, Westinghouse employed 11,000 people in Hamilton. (second only to Stelco) ^[10] The name Westinghouse can refer to any number of devices and independent businesses that can trace their roots to the work of George Westinghouse: // People George Westinghouse, founder of Westinghouse Electric Corporation Devices Westinghouse air brake. ... Nickname: Ambitious City, Steeltown, The Hammer Motto: Together Aspire - Together Achieve Location in the province of Ontario, Canada Coordinates: Country Province Canada Ontario Incorporated June 9, 1846 [1] Mayor Fred Eisenberger City Council Hamilton City Council Representatives MPs and MPPs Area - City 1,138. ... 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... George Westinghouse, Jr. ... 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

International Harvester becomes the second major United States industry to locate in Hamilton, Ontario (1902).^[2] Originally known as Deering Harvester, the company plant sprawled along the Hamilton waterfront and claimed to be the "largest agricultural implement works in the British Empire." The plant was also involved in wartime production of specialized military items. The company started building heavy duty diesel trucks in Hamilton in 1959. The first to roll off the line was delivered to Dofasco, complete with a Rolls-Royce engine. ^[11] public domain from library of congress This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... public domain from library of congress This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... George Westinghouse, Jr. ... Navistar (formerly International Harvester) started in Chicago, United States, which produced agricultural machinery, construction equipment and vehicles. ... 1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Dofasco is a steel company based in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, which is also home to longtime Canadian rival Stelco. ... The Rolls Royce logo Rolls-Royce is a set of several companies, all deriving from the British automobile and aero-engine manufacturing company founded by Henry Royce and C.S. Rolls in 1906. ...

In 1902, Canadian Otis Elevator Company is formed (August 22) on Victoria Street North.^[2] For many years Hamilton was home to the largest single elevator manufacturing facility in the world. The workers produced all kinds of elevators, escalators and later, forklifts. In 1969, the company took over the old Studebaker plant. It was a return home for Otis, which had built the 350,000-square-foot facility for wartime production of anti-aircraft guns and other military equipment. ^[10] 1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The Otis Elevator Company is the worlds largest manufacturer of vertical transportation systems, principally elevators and escalators. ... Year 1969 (MCMLXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1969 calendar). ... Studebakers Lazy S logo, designed by Raymond Loewy, was used from the 1950s until 1966 The worlds largest living sign was planted at the Studebaker Proving Grounds, west of South Bend, Indiana. ...

In 1903, Canadian Canners Consolidated Companies Limited (later Canadian Canners Limited) was formed. ^[2] The steel industry continued to grow and finally consolidate through this period, some combining to form the Steel Company of Canada (Stelco) in 1910.^[2] Dominion Steel Casting Company (Dofasco) established in 1912. Later named Dominion Foundries and Steel, the company merged with its subsidiary, Hamilton Steel Wheel Company in 1917. The name was officially changed to Dofasco Inc. in 1980. ^[2] In 1912, National Steel Car is established in Hamilton.^[2] Builders of reliable freight and passenger train cars and equipment on Kenilworth Avenue north.^[12] Also by 1912, with 4.5 miles of dockage, Hamilton is second only to Montreal in shipping. ^[2] 1903 (MCMIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Friday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ... Stelco is a steel company based in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, as is longtime rival Dofasco. ... 1910 (MCMX) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Sunday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ... Dofasco is a steel company based in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, which is also home to longtime Canadian rival Stelco. ... 1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday in the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar (see: 1917 Julian calendar). ... 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ... 1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday in the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday in the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Motto: Concordia Salus Coordinates: Country Canada Province QuÃ©bec Founded 1642 Established 1832 Mayor GÃ©rald Tremblay Area - City 366. ...

The following season 1913, Procter & Gamble Manufacturing Company (based in Cincinnati) purchased seven acres of land and two acres of water on the south side of Burlington Street between Depew and Ottawa Streets. This event marked the beginning of Procter & Gamble's operations outside of the United States. ^[2] In 1914, Construction started on the Proctor & Gamble Hamilton plant, which cost $1 million and consisted of seven buildings: the Crisco building, the boiler house, the gas plant, the soap building, the hardening plant, the kettle and glycerin house, and the machine shop.^[2] By 1915, Proctor & Gamble officially opens Hamilton plant, employing 75 workers who made six different products.^[2] Year 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... Procter & Gamble Co. ... Year 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Procter & Gamble Co. ... 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Procter & Gamble Co. ...

In 1919, the Hoover Suction Sweeper Company builds a plant in Hamilton^[2] and Firestone Tire and Rubber Company of Canada is established. ^[2] Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... The name Hoover can refer to: J. Edgar Hoover, chief of the Federal Bureau of Investigation for many years Herbert Hoover, mining engineer, President of the United States Lou Henry Hoover, wife of President Herbert Hoover M. Herbert Hoover, an Ohio politician Bob Hoover, legendary airshow and test pilot, author... Firestone tire The Firestone Tire and Rubber Company was founded by Harvey Firestone in the late 19th century to supply pneumatic tires for wagons, buggies, and other forms of wheeled transportation common in the era. ...

In 1922, the Beech-Nut Packing Company (makers of the Life Savers candy), establishes Canadian operations in Hamilton on Cumberland Avenue near Sanford. ^[2] It was reported that when the company first started producing candy it was so pleased with the treatment from the city that it distributed free boxes of gum on the street and to every retailer in the city. By 1969 the company was producing more than a billion lifesavers candies a year in 26 flavours.^[10] Year 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar). ... A Life Savers Five-Flavor roll. ... Year 1969 (MCMLXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1969 calendar). ...

Three well known Canadian businesses got their start in Hamilton. First, In 1934 Hamilton is the birthplace of Canadian Tire Corporation. Two brothers John W. Billes and Alfred J. Biles with a combined savings of $1,800, buy Hamilton Tire and Garage Ltd. and rename it "Canadian Tire" because it sounds big. (1934-first official associate store opens up in Hamilton Ontario).^[9] Second, In 1956 Hamilton was the birthplace of the Pioneer gas station. November 29, 1956, on Upper James street. Today (January 2007) there are over 140 locations across Ontario (8% market share in Ontario) making it one of Canada's largest independent gasoline retailers.^[9] Third, Hamilton became the birthplace of the Tim Hortons chain in 1964. The original store ("Store #1") still operates on Ottawa Street. ^[13] 1953 Studebaker Commander, photographed by Matthew Brown (the uploader, User:Morven) May 25, 2003 at the Studebaker show in Anaheim, CA and released here under the GFDL. File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... 1953 Studebaker Commander, photographed by Matthew Brown (the uploader, User:Morven) May 25, 2003 at the Studebaker show in Anaheim, CA and released here under the GFDL. File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Sam Lawrence joining a picket line supporting nine hour days for restaurant workers in the 1930s. ... Year 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1944 calendar). ... 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Canadian Tire is a Canadian retail hardware and home goods chain. ... Year 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Tim Hortons [2] (TSX: THI, NYSE: THI) is a fast food restaurant chain founded in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada with locations in Canada and the eastern United States. ... 1964 (MCMLXIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1964 calendar). ...

Studebaker

On August 18, 1948, surrounded by more than 400 employees and a battery of reporters, the first vehicle, a blue Champion four-door sedan, rolls off the Studebaker assembly line. ^[14] The company was located in the former Otis-Fenson military weapons factory off Burlington Street, which was built in 1941. The Indiana-based Studebaker was looking for a Canadian site and settled on Hamilton because of its steel industry. The company was known for making automotive innovations and building solid distinctive cars. 1950 was its best year but the descent was quick. By 1954, Studebaker was in the red and merging with Packard, another falling car manufacturer. In 1963, the company moved its entire car operations to Hamilton. The Canadian car side had always been a money-maker and Studebaker was looking to curtail disastrous losses. That took the plant from a single to double shift - 48 to 96 cars daily. The last car to roll off the line was a turquoise Lark cruiser on March 4, 1966. ^[14] Studebaker officially shuts down the next day on March 5, 1966 as its last car factory.^[15] It was terrible news for the 700 workers who had formed a true family at the company, known for its employee parties and day trips. It was a huge blow to the city, too. Studebaker was Hamilton's 10th largest employer at the time.^[14] Year 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1948 calendar). ... Studebakers Lazy S logo, designed by Raymond Loewy, was used from the 1950s until 1966 The worlds largest living sign was planted at the Studebaker Proving Grounds, west of South Bend, Indiana. ... For the movie, see 1941 (film). ... Official language(s) English Capital Indianapolis Largest city Indianapolis Area Ranked 38th - Total 36,418 sq mi (94,321 kmÂ²) - Width 140 miles (225 km) - Length 270 miles (435 km) - % water 1. ... 1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... Year 1954 (MCMLIV) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Packard red hexagon symbol made its debut in 1905, with the color red added in 1913 Packard was a United States based brand of luxury automobile built by the Packard Motors Company of Detroit,Michigan, and later by the Studebaker-Packard Corporation of South Bend, Indiana. ... 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1963 calendar). ... 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1966 calendar). ... Studebakers Lazy S logo, designed by Raymond Loewy, was used from the 1950s until 1966 The worlds largest living sign was planted at the Studebaker Proving Grounds, west of South Bend, Indiana. ... 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1966 calendar). ...

Mayor Sam Lawrence & Local 1005

Following The Depression and World War II, industry and unions prepared to do battle in Hamilton. The strike for Stelco lasted 80 days. Confrontations between strikers and strike-breakers were frequent and often physical. Stelco management and many Hamiltonians appealed to Mayor Sam Lawrence to call for extra police to protect strike-breakers. The Mayor refused and stated publically that 'he was a labour man first and mayor second'. Stormy strikes were waged in town by other companies that year as well, these include Firestone, Westinghouse and the Hamilton Spectator. In his lifetime Sam Lawrence worked closely with left-wing radicals to improve the lot of workers. He campaigned for an eight-hour work day, unemployment insurance, national health insurance, old age security benefits and government ownership of important industries and utilities.^[8] The Great Depression was a global economic slump that began in 1929 and bottomed in 1933. ... Combatants Allied Powers: United Kingdom France Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Axis Powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Charles de Gaulle Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33... Stelco is a steel company based in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, as is longtime rival Dofasco. ...

On July 15, 1946, after a meeting at the Playhouse Theatre Local 1005 members of the United Steelworkers of America at Stelco marched to the plant gates to start the famous strike of 1946. The fight was over Union recognition, a 40-hour work week and wages. With the help of Hamilton's community this struggle changed Canadian Labour history. It forced employers to accept collective bargaining and helped start a mass trade union movement in Canada.^[16]^[17] Year 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... The United Steel Workers of America (USWA) claims over 1. ... A collective agreement is a labor contract between an employer and one or more unions. ... A Trade Union (Labour union) ... is a continuous association of wage-earners for the purpose of maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment. ...

Big industry moves out

Hamilton has lost some of its biggest industrial employers over the years. Several reasons have been cited for the job losses such as the high dollar, high energy prices and overseas competition. This is a problem and a challenge that all of North America has had to learn to deal with, not just Hamilton, Ontario. In 2006 Hamilton saw closures to plants such as Camco, Rheem Canada and the Proctor & Gamble distribution centre. Several other companies saw a dramatic decrease in their workforce such as Trebor Cadbury Allan, Siemens Canada and Wentworth Mold.^[18] 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

References

Category: Hamilton, Ontario 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD (or CE) era. ... January 11 is the 11th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD (or CE) era. ... January 8 is the 8th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD (or CE) era. ... January 9 is the 9th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD (or CE) era. ... January 8 is the 8th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD (or CE) era. ... January 8 is the 8th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A news release, press release or press statement is a written or recorded communication directed at members of the news media for the purpose of announcing something claimed as having news value. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD (or CE) era. ... January 14 is the 14th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... A news release, press release or press statement is a written or recorded communication directed at members of the news media for the purpose of announcing something claimed as having news value. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD (or CE) era. ... January 14 is the 14th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... A news release, press release or press statement is a written or recorded communication directed at members of the news media for the purpose of announcing something claimed as having news value. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD (or CE) era. ... January 14 is the 14th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD (or CE) era. ... January 14 is the 14th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD (or CE) era. ... January 10 is the 10th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... A news release, press release or press statement is a written or recorded communication directed at members of the news media for the purpose of announcing something claimed as having news value. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD (or CE) era. ... January 15 is the 15th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... A news release, press release or press statement is a written or recorded communication directed at members of the news media for the purpose of announcing something claimed as having news value. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD (or CE) era. ... January 15 is the 15th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD (or CE) era. ... February 3 is the 34th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...

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