NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Economy of Iran

The economy of Iran is a transition economy where a continuing strong labour force growth unmatched by commensurate real economic growth is driving up unemployment to a level considerably higher than the official estimate of 11%.^[8] According to experts, annual economic growth above five per cent would be needed to keep pace with the 900,000 new labour force entrants each year. ISO 4217 Code IRR User(s) Iran Inflation 15. ... is the 80th day of the year (81st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 79th day of the year (80th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Map of the ECO member states The Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) is an intergovernmental international organization involving ten Asian nations. ... Not to be confused with APEC. OPEC Logo The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is an international cartel[1][2] made up of Algeria, Angola, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Venezuela, and Ecuador (which rejoined OPRC in November 2007) . The... For other uses of the initials WTO, see WTO (disambiguation). ... The World Factbook is an annual publication by the Central Intelligence Agency of the United States with basic almanac-style information about the various countries of the world. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... PPP of GDP for the countries of the world (2003). ... PPP of GDP for the countries of the world (2003). ... The Gini coefficient is a measure of inequality developed by the Italian statistician Corrado Gini and published in his 1912 paper Variabilità e mutabilità. It is usually used to measure income inequality, but can be used to measure any form of uneven distribution. ... Map of countries showing percentage of population who have an income below the national poverty line The poverty line is the level of income below which one cannot afford to purchase all the resources one requires to live. ... Roughly one-fourth of Irans labour force is engaged in manufacturing and construction. ... Map of Irans major crops, circa 1978. ... CIA figures for world unemployment rates, 2006 Unemployment is the state in which a person is without work, available to work, and is currently seeking work. ... The Iranian Cultural Continent - consisting of the modern nations Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, and surrounding regions - is home to one of the richest art heritages in world history and encompasses many disciplines including architecture, painting, weaving, pottery, calligraphy, metalworking and stone masonry. ... The Iranian constitution prohibits the granting of petroleum rights on a concessionary basis or direct equity stake. ... The National Iranian Petrochemical Company (NIPC), a subsidiary to the Iranian Petroleum Ministry, is owned by the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran. ... Iran Khodro Saipa Pars Khodro Shahab Khodro Iran Khodro Diesel SAIPA Diesel Morattab Kerman Khodro Raniaran Zamyad Category: ... Please see listing criteria on the discussion page before listing. ... Health care in Iran and medical sectors market value was almost US $240 billion in 2002 and is forecasted to rise to US $310 billion by 2007. ... In recent years, Irans construction market has been thriving due to an increase in national and international investment to the extent that it is now the largest in the Middle East region. ... Irans military industry has taken great strides in the past 25 years, and now manufactures many types of sophisticated arms and equipment. ... The Iran Electronics Industries (in Persian: ØµÙ†Ø§ÛŒØ¹ Ø§Ù„Ú©ØªØ±Ù†ÛŒÚ© Ø§ÛŒØ±Ø§Ù†) also known as (ØµØ§Ø§ÛŒØ±Ø§Ù†) or (Sana-ey Electronik-e Iran) was established in Iran in 1972. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Capital expenditures (CAPEX) are expenditures used by a company to acquire or upgrade physical assets such as equipment, property, industrial buildings. ... Foreign exchange reserves (also called Forex reserves) in a strict sense are only the foreign currency deposits held by central banks and monetary authorities. ... A transition economy is an economy which is changing from a planned economy to a free market. ... Roughly one-fourth of Irans labour force is engaged in manufacturing and construction. ... CIA figures for world unemployment rates, 2006 Unemployment is the state in which a person is without work, available to work, and is currently seeking work. ... World GDP/capita changed very little for most of human history before the industrial revolution. ...

Government spending as percent of total budget was 6% for health care, 16% for education and 8% for the military in the period 1992-2000 and contributed to an average annual inflation rate of 14% in the period 2000-2004, although some unofficial estimates place the figure above 20% today.^[9] Iranian budget deficits have been a chronic problem, in part due to large-scale state subsidies totaling more than $40 billion per year (40% of the government's budget in 2006), including foodstuffs and especially gasoline.^[10] Government spending or government expenditure consists of government purchases, which can be financed by seigniorage (the creation of money for government funding, at a heavy price of high inflation and other possibly devastating consequences), taxes, or government borrowing. ... Health care in Iran and medical sectors market value was almost US $240 billion in 2002 and is forecasted to rise to US $310 billion by 2007. ... Irans military industry has taken great strides in the past 25 years, and now manufactures many types of sophisticated arms and equipment. ... A budget deficit occurs when an entity (often a government) spends more money than it takes in. ... The Iranian constitution prohibits the granting of petroleum rights on a concessionary basis or direct equity stake. ... Look up gasoline in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

The Government is attempting to diversify away from oil by investing revenues in other areas of the economy, including, car manufacturing, aerospace industries, consumer electronics, petrochemicals and nuclear technology. Also, Iran has a great potential for development in mining, tourism^[11], information and communication technology (ICT). The December 1979 constitution, and its 1989 amendment, define the political, economic, and social order of the Islamic Republic of Iran. ... Synthetic motor oil For other uses, see Oil (disambiguation). ... Iran Khodro Saipa Pars Khodro Shahab Khodro Iran Khodro Diesel SAIPA Diesel Morattab Kerman Khodro Raniaran Zamyad Category: ... The Iranian Space Agency (ISA) is a governmental space agency. ... This article is about the engineering discipline. ... A petrochemical is any chemical derived from fossil fuel. ... This article is about Irans civilian nuclear program. ... This article is about mineral extractions. ... Tourist redirects here. ... Information technology (IT) or information and communication technology (ICT) is the technology required for information processing. ...

History

Pre-revolutionary Iran's economic development was rapid. Traditionally an agricultural society, by the 1970s, Iran had achieved significant industrialization and economic modernization. However, the pace of growth had slowed dramatically by 1978, just before the Islamic revolution. edit The Islamic republic of Iran originated from Islamic revolution of Iran which resulted in transforming Iran from a monarchy under the Shah (king) Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, to an Islamic republic under Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the leader of the revolution and founder of the Islamic Republic. ... The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, also called The Seventies. ... Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ... This article is about the 1979 revolution in Iran. ...

Iran's long-term objectives since the 1979 revolution have been economic independence, full employment, and a comfortable standard of living for its citizens, but at the end of the 20th century the country's economic future was lined with obstacles. Iran's population more than doubled in that period, and its population grew increasingly young. In a country that has traditionally been both rural and agrarian, agricultural production has fallen consistently since the 1960s (by the late 1990s Iran was a major food importer), and economic hardship in the countryside has driven vast numbers of people to migrate to the largest cities. Independence is the self-government of a nation, country, or state by its residents and population, generally exercising sovereignty. ...

The rates of both literacy and life expectancy in Iran are high for the region, but so, too, is the unemployment rate, and inflation is regularly in the range of 20 percent annually. Iran remains highly dependent on its one major industry, the extraction of petroleum and natural gas for export, and the government faces increasing difficulty in providing opportunities for a younger, better-educated workforce, which has led to a growing sense of frustration among lower- and middle-class Iranians. Ethnolinguistic groups in Iran Irans population was declared 70,049,262 in 2006 census. ... Petro redirects here. ... For other uses, see Natural gas (disambiguation). ... Roughly one-fourth of Irans labour force is engaged in manufacturing and construction. ... This article is about the socio-economic class from a global vantage point. ...

After the end of hostilities with Iraq in 1988, the government tried to develop the country's communication, transportation, manufacturing, energy infrastructures (including its prospective nuclear power facilities) and hospitals & schools and has begun the process of integrating its communication and transportation systems with those of neighbouring states.^[12] Combatants Iran Patriotic Union of Kurdistan Iraq Peoples Mujahedin of Iran Commanders Ruhollah Khomeini Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani Ali Shamkhani Mostafa Chamran â€ Saddam Hussein Ali Hassan al-Majid Strength 305,000 soldiers 500,000 Pasdaran and Basij militia 900 tanks 1,000 armored vehicles 3,000 artillery pieces 470 aircraft... Year 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar). ... The government runs the broadcast media, which includes three national radio stations and two national television networks, as well as dozens of local radio and television stations. ... This article is about Irans civilian nuclear program. ... Health care in Iran and medical sectors market value was almost US $240 billion in 2002 and is forecasted to rise to US $310 billion by 2007. ... Irans educational system comprises many schools and universities scattered throughout the country. ...

Five-Year Economic Development Plan (2005-10)

The Fourth Five-Year Economic Development Plan (2005-10) sets the guidelines and points the direction in which the trade sector will be taking over the next five years. The focus has been on expanding trade interaction with the global community and pursuing an active presence in international markets. To achieve this would require raising exports substantially. Another area of focus has been to develop free trade zones and turning them into gateways to international markets.^[13] Management and Planning Organisation of Iran was one of the largest governmental establishments in Iran. ... The December 1979 constitution, and its 1989 amendment, define the political, economic, and social order of the Islamic Republic of Iran. ... The December 1979 constitution, and its 1989 amendment, define the political, economic, and social order of the Islamic Republic of Iran. ... For other meanings of this term, see plan (disambiguation) Informal or ad-hoc plans are created by individual humans in all of their pursuits. ... Economics In economics, an export is any good or commodity, shipped or otherwise transported out of a country, province, town to another part of the world, typically for use in trade or sale. ... Free trade zones, also called free trade areas or export processing zones, designate either parts of a country or groups of countries that have agreed to eliminate tariffs, quotas and preferences on most goods between them. ... A KFC franchise in Kuwait. ...

On the domestic front, the priority has been to improve social justice and the overall situation; ^[14] i.e. regulating the domestic market on the one hand, and maintaining a well-functioning supply of basic commodities on the other. The latter would need improving the subsidy distribution system to relieve the government of the huge financial burden on subsidy payments. Another obligation the plan places on the government is to provide economic justification for the pricing of basic commodities and public services.^[15] Social justice refers to the concept of an unjust society that refers to more than just the administration of laws. ... The word commodity has a different meaning in business than in Marxian political economy. ... In economics, a subsidy is generally a monetary grant given by a government to lower the price faced by producers or consumers of a good, generally because it is considered to be in the public interest. ...

The five-year economic development plan also calls for the creation of a "national Internet"^[16], a target growth of 15% annually for the railroad network,^[17] introduction of foreign banks, a fourfold expansion of petrochemical output, to 56 million tons per year, downsizing of public workforce by 5% ^[18], the creation of 700,000 new jobs per year, ^[19] and the generation of 6,000 MW of electricity through nuclear technology by 2010 to meet its increasing demand for energy, and the establishment of 50 to 60 industrial parks by the end of the Fifth Five-Year Socioeconomic Development Plan by 2015.^[20] Turning to "Vision 2025", the plan has set an investment target of $3.7 trillion within two decades of which $1.3 trillion should be in the form of foreign investment.^[21] For other uses, see Bank (disambiguation). ... Petrochemicals are chemical products made from raw materials of petroleum (hydrocarbon) origin. ... Downsizing is a euphemism referring to layoffs initiated by a company in order to cut labor costs by reducing the size of the company. ... SmartHunt Your Next Job Monster CareerBuilder Yahoo HotJobs Indeed Manpower Beyondplanet Bixee. ... MW could refer to (in alphabetical order): Lintilla - the original multiple worlds talker Maintenance of way Malawi (ISO 3166-1 country code) Master of Wine Maya Island Air IATA airline designator MediaWiki Mediumwave Megawatt Mens Wearhouse Merriam-Webster The Midwest region of the United States Microwave Miss World Molecular... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... An industrial park (or industrial estate in British English) is an area of land set aside for industrial development. ... For the video game developer, see 2015, Inc. ...

Centralization vs. Privatization

The Iranian Government declared its intention to privatize most state industries after the Iran-Iraq war in 1988, in an effort to stimulate the ailing economy. The sale of state-owned factories and companies proceeded slowly, however (mostly because of the opposition by a majority of nationalists in Majlis - the Iranian parliament), and most industries remained state-owned in the early 21st century (70% of the economy as of 2006). The majority of heavy industry—including steel, petrochemicals, copper, automobiles, and machine tools—was in the public sector, while most light industry was privately owned. According to the Fourth Five-Year Economic Development Plan (2005-2010), the Privatization Organization of Iran affiliated to the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance is in charge of setting prices and ceding shares to the general public and on the stock market. ... This page lists all the major Iranian companies operating inside and outside of Iran. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1200x778, 881 KB) Summary I took this photo with a Fuji 200 slide film camera. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1200x778, 881 KB) Summary I took this photo with a Fuji 200 slide film camera. ... This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Economic liberalization ... The December 1979 constitution, and its 1989 amendment, define the political, economic, and social order of the Islamic Republic of Iran. ... Combatants Iran Patriotic Union of Kurdistan Iraq Peoples Mujahedin of Iran Commanders Ruhollah Khomeini Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani Ali Shamkhani Mostafa Chamran â€ Saddam Hussein Ali Hassan al-Majid Strength 305,000 soldiers 500,000 Pasdaran and Basij militia 900 tanks 1,000 armored vehicles 3,000 artillery pieces 470 aircraft... Image:DSC--Majlis5323. ... For other uses, see Steel (disambiguation). ... A petrochemical is any chemical derived from fossil fuel. ... For other uses, see Copper (disambiguation). ... Car redirects here. ... A machine tool is a powered mechanical device, typically used to fabricate metal components of machines by the selective removal of metal. ...

According to the article 44 of Constitution, the economy of Iran is to consist of three sectors: state, cooperative, and private; and is to be based on systematic and sound planning. The December 1979 constitution, and its 1989 amendment, define the political, economic, and social order of the Islamic Republic of Iran. ... For other uses, see Coop. ... This article refers to an economy controlled by the state. ...

A strict interpretation of the above has never been enforced in the Islamic Republic and the private sector has been able to play a much larger role than is outlined in the Constitution. In recent years, the role of the private sector has been further on the increase. Furthermore, an amendment of the article in 2004 has allowed 80% of state assets to be privatized.^[22] Minerals are natural compounds formed through geological processes. ... For other uses, see Bank (disambiguation). ... Insurance, in law and economics, is a form of risk management primarily used to hedge against the risk of a contingent loss. ... Itaipu Dam is a hydroelectric generating station Electricity generation is the first process in the delivery of electricity to consumers. ... DAMS is a racing team from France, involved in many areas of motorsports. ... Look up post in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Telegraphy (from the Greek words tele = far away and grapho = write) is the long distance transmission of written messages without physical transport of letters, originally over wire. ... For other uses, see Telephone (disambiguation). ... Aviation encompasses all the activities relating to airborne devices created by human ingenuity, generally known as aircraft. ... Damaged package The Panama canal. ... This page is related to transport; you may be looking for the 2002 Bollywood movie Road. ... This is the top-level page of WikiProject trains Rail tracks Rail transport refers to the land transport of passengers and goods along railways or railroads. ... For other uses, see Coop. ... Bonyads are Iranian charitable trusts that control over 40% of Irans GDP. Initially set up during the time of the Shah, they were used to funnel money into the Shahs personal coffers. ... Islam (Arabic: ; ( â–¶ (helpÂ· info)), the submission to God) is a monotheistic faith, one of the Abrahamic religions and the worlds second-largest religion. ... In recent years, Irans construction market has been thriving due to an increase in national and international investment to the extent that it is now the largest in the Middle East region. ... Map of Irans major crops, circa 1978. ... Shepherd with his sheep in FÄƒgÄƒraÅŸ Mountains, Romania. ... This article is about economic exchange. ... The tertiary sector of industry, also called the service sector or the service industry, is one of the three main industrial categories of a developed economy, the others being the secondary industry (manufacturing and primary goods production such as agriculture), and primary industry (extraction such as mining and fishing). ... Amend redirects here. ... Privatization (sometimes privatisation, denationalization, or, especially in India, disinvestment) is the process of transferring property, from public ownership to private ownership and/or transferring the management of a service or activity from the government to the private sector. ...

Macro-Economic Trend

In the early 21st century the service sector contributed the largest percentage of the GDP, followed by industry (mining and manufacturing) and agriculture. In 2008, about 55% of the government's budget came from oil and natural gas revenues, and 31% came from taxes and fees.^[23] In 2007 the GDP was estimated at $206.7 billion ($852.6 billion at PPP), or $3,160 per capita ($12,300 at PPP). The informal economy is also important. Because of these figures and the country’s diversified but small industrial base, the United Nations classifies Iran's economy as semideveloped (1998). A Map of the nations in the list. ... Ethnolinguistic groups in Iran Irans population was declared 70,049,262 in 2006 census. ... GDP is an acronym which can stand for more than one thing: (in economics) an abbreviation for Gross Domestic Product. ... PPP of GDP for the countries of the world (2003). ... UN and U.N. redirect here. ...

The following is the trend chart of the Iranian GDP at market prices estimated by the IMF^[24], with figures in millions of Iranian rial. For purchasing power parity comparisons, the US dollar is exchanged at 3,149.33 Iranian rials only. GDP is an acronym which can stand for more than one thing: (in economics) an abbreviation for Gross Domestic Product. ... The flag of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is the international organization entrusted with overseeing the global financial system by monitoring foreign exchange rates and balance of payments, as well as offering technical and financial assistance when asked. ... ISO 4217 Code IRR User(s) Iran Inflation 15. ... PPP of GDP for the countries of the world (2003). ... The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States. ... ISO 4217 Code IRR User(s) Iran Inflation 15. ...

Image File history File links DemoIR.JPGâ€Ž Created this file by using Excel of Microsft. ... Image File history File links DemoIR.JPGâ€Ž Created this file by using Excel of Microsft. ... PPP of GDP for the countries of the world (2003). ...

Sectors of the economy

Agriculture contributes just over 11% to the gross national product and employs a third of the labor force. The industrial sector—including mining, manufacturing, and construction—contributed 42% of the GDP and employed 31% of the labor force in 2004. Mineral products, notably petroleum, dominate Iran’s exports revenues (80%), but mining employs less than 1% of the country’s labor force. In 2004 the service sector ranked as the largest contributor to the GDP (48%) and employed 44% of workers. In 2005, Iranian women accounted for 33% of the workforce (out of 25 million people). In 2006, the average annual salary in Iran was $2,700 ($19-23 per day in 2007^{[citation needed]}). Migrant Iranian workers abroad remitted less than $2 billion home in 2006. ^[25] Roughly one-fourth of Irans labour force is engaged in manufacturing and construction. ... Language(s) Persian (Western dialect, in addition to regional varieties), Azeri (southern dialect), Kurdish, Gilaki, Mazandarani, Balochi, Arabic, Turkmen, Lori, Bakhtiari, Armenian, Tat, Talysh, Assyrian Religion(s) Predominately Shia Muslim. ... Measures of national income and output are used in economics to estimate the value of goods and services produced in an economy. ... The industrial sector is generally defined as manufacturing, construction, mining, agriculture, fishing and forestry establishments. ... Iranâ€™s mining industry is under-developed. ... In recent years, Irans construction market has been thriving due to an increase in national and international investment to the extent that it is now the largest in the Middle East region. ... The Iranian constitution prohibits the granting of petroleum rights on a concessionary basis or direct equity stake. ... Economics In economics, an export is any good or commodity, shipped or otherwise transported out of a country, province, town to another part of the world, typically for use in trade or sale. ... Roughly one-fourth of Irans labour force is engaged in manufacturing and construction. ... The tertiary sector of industry, also called the service sector or the service industry, is one of the three main industrial categories of a developed economy, the others being the secondary industry (manufacturing and primary goods production such as agriculture), and primary industry (extraction such as mining and fishing). ... 17th century painting of Safavi Iranian royal court depicting woman pouring wine at Chehel Sotoon Palace, Esfahan. ... Romanino, Superintendent paying the workers, 1531-32, fresco, Castello del Buonconsiglio, Trento, Italy. ... Language(s) Persian (Western dialect, in addition to regional varieties), Azeri (southern dialect), Kurdish, Gilaki, Mazandarani, Balochi, Arabic, Turkmen, Lori, Bakhtiari, Armenian, Tat, Talysh, Assyrian Religion(s) Predominately Shia Muslim. ...

Agriculture

About 20% of the land in Iran is arable. The main food-producing areas are in the Caspian region and in the valleys of the northwest. Some northern and western areas support rain-fed agriculture, while other areas require irrigation for successful crop production.^[26] Map of Irans major crops, circa 1978. ... Fars Province landscape The Iranian landscape is predominantly mountainous, with high contrasting green oases. ... Environmental issue in Iran Especially in urban areas, vehicle emissions, refinery operations, and industrial effluents contribute to poor air quality. ... Irrigation is the artificial application of water to the soil usually for assisting in growing crops. ...

The principal obstacles to agricultural production are primitive farming methods, overworked and underfertilized soil, poor seed, and scarcity of water. About one third of the cultivated land is irrigated; the construction of multipurpose dams and reservoirs along the rivers in the Zagros and Alborz mts. has increased the amount of water available for irrigation. Agricultural programs of modernization, mechanization, and crop and livestock improvement, and programs for the redistribution of land are increasing agricultural production.^[27] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Measures of national income and output are used in economics to estimate the value of goods and services produced in an economy. ... The massive Karun-3 dam, was inaugurated recently as part of a drive to boost Irans growing energy demands The major reservoirs and dams in Iran are: Karun-3 dam Jiroft Dam Amir Kabir Dam Dez Dam Nader Shah Dam Categories: | | ... The Zagros Mountains (In Persian:رشته‌کوه‌های زاگرس) make up Irans second largest mountain range. ... Alborz Mountains Mount Damavand, Irans tallest mountain is located in Alborz mountain range. ...

Wheat, the most important crop, is grown mainly in the west and northwest; rice is the major crop in the Caspian region. Barley, corn, cotton, sugar beets, tea, hemp, tobacco, fruits (including citrus), potatoes, legumes (beans and lentils), vegetables, fodder plants (alfalfa and clover), spices (including cumin, sumac, and saffron), nuts (pistachios, almonds, and walnuts), and dates are also grown, and livestock is raised. Livestock products include lamb, goat meat, beef, poultry, milk, eggs, butter, cheese, wool, and leather. Honey is collected from beehives, and silk is harvested from silkworm cocoons. The northern slopes of the Alborz Mts. are heavily wooded, and forestry products are economically important; the cutting of trees is rigidly controlled by the government, which also has a reforestation program. In the rivers entering the Caspian Sea are salmon, carp, trout, and pike; sturgeon are abundant in the Caspian Sea.^[28] Species T. aestivum T. boeoticum T. dicoccoides T. dicoccon T. durum T. monococcum T. spelta T. sphaerococcum T. timopheevii References: ITIS 42236 2002-09-22 Wheat Wheat For the indie rock group, see Wheat (band). ... For other uses, see Rice (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Barley (disambiguation). ... This article is about the maize plant. ... For other uses, see Cotton (disambiguation). ... Two sugar beets - the one on the left has been cultivated to be smoother than the traditional beet, so that it traps less soil. ... For other uses, see Tea (disambiguation). ... U.S. Marihuana production permit. ... Shredded tobacco leaf for pipe smoking Tobacco can also be pressed into plugs and sliced into flakes Tobacco is an agricultural product processed from the fresh leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. ... For other uses, see Fruit (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Citrus (disambiguation). ... Potatoe is an archaic spelling of the word potato as a variant form, with the most recent usage cited from 1880: She found the parson in his garden. ... This article is about the fruit of the plants also called legumes. For the plants themselves, see Fabaceae . ... This article is on the plant. ... Binomial name Lens culinaris Medikus Red lentils Lentils (Lens culinaris, Fabaceae) are lens-shaped pulses that grow on an annual, bushlike plant. ... Vegetables on a market Vegetable is a nutritional and culinary term denoting any part of a plant that is commonly consumed by humans as food, but is not regarded as a culinary fruit, nut, herb, spice, or grain. ... u fuck in ua ... Geerah redirects here. ... Species About 250 species; see text Rhus is a genus approximately 250 species of woody shrubs and small trees in the family Anacardiaceae. ... Binomial name Crocus sativus L. Saffron (IPA: ) is a spice derived from the flower of the saffron crocus (Crocus sativus), a species of crocus in the family Iridaceae. ... Binomial name Pistacia vera L. The Pistachio (Pistacia vera, Anacardiaceae; sometimes placed in Pistaciaceae) is a small tree up to 10 m tall, native to southwestern Asia (Iran west to the Levant). ... This article refers to the plant. ... This article is about the walnut tree. ... The term date can refer to: A day according to a calendar; see calendar date. ... This article is about the domestic species. ... For other uses, see Meat (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Beef (disambiguation). ... Ducks amongst other poultry The Poultry-dealer, after Cesare Vecellio Poultry is the category of domesticated birds kept for meat, eggs, and feathers. ... A glass of cows milk. ... Chicken egg (left) and quail eggs (right), the types of egg commonly used as food An egg is a body consisting of an ovum surrounded by layers of membranes and an outer casing of some type, which acts to nourish and protect a developing embryo. ... For other uses, see Butter (disambiguation). ... Cheese is a solid food made from the milk of cows, goats, sheep, and other mammals. ... For other uses, see Wool (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Leather (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Honey (disambiguation). ... For other uses of this word, see Silk (disambiguation). ... A decidous beech forest in Slovenia. ... Biodiversity on a 15-year-old reforested plot of land. ... The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on Earth by area, variously classed as the worlds largest lake or a full-fledged sea. ... For other uses, see Salmon (disambiguation). ... {{Otheruses Carp: Committee supporting Petanacs reconstruction in Huehuetenago, Guatemala} see http://carp. ... For other uses, see Trout (disambiguation). ... Species E. americanus – grass and redfin pickerels E. lucius – northern pike E. masquinongy – muskellunge E. niger – chain pickerel – Amur pike Esox Linnaeus, 1758, is a genus of freshwater fish, the only member of the pike family (family Esocidae) of order Esociformes. ... Sturgeon is a term for a genus of fish (Acipenser) of which 26 species are known. ... The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on Earth by area, variously classed as the worlds largest lake or a full-fledged sea. ...

Since 1979 commercial farming has replaced subsistence farming as the dominant mode of agricultural production. By 1997, the gross value of products in Iran's agricultural sector had reached $25 billion. Iran has attained 90% self-sufficiency in essential agricultural products; total rice production fails to meet domestic food requirements, however, making substantial imports necessary. In 2007 Iran reached self sufficiency in wheat production, and for the first time became a net wheat exporter.^[29] By 2003, a quarter of Iran's non-oil exports were agricultural based.^[30] Major agricultural exports include fresh and dried fruits, nuts, animal hides, processed foods, and spices. Economics In economics, an export is any good or commodity, shipped or otherwise transported out of a country, province, town to another part of the world, typically for use in trade or sale. ...

Manufacturing

Iran has a long tradition of producing artisan goods, including Persian carpets, ceramics, copperware and brassware, glass, leather goods, textiles, and woodwork. Iran’s rich carpet-weaving tradition dates from pre-Islamic times, and it remains an important industry and contributes substantially to rural incomes. Textile mills, based on domestic cotton and wool, employed about 400,000 people in 2000 and are centred in Tehran, Esfahan and along the Caspian coast. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2976x3968, 470 KB)[edit] Summary Sectors of the Iranian Economy for 2002. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2976x3968, 470 KB)[edit] Summary Sectors of the Iranian Economy for 2002. ... Petro redirects here. ... The Iranian Cultural Continent - consisting of the modern nations Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, and surrounding regions - is home to one of the richest art heritages in world history and encompasses many disciplines including architecture, painting, weaving, pottery, calligraphy, metalworking and stone masonry. ... The National Iranian Petrochemical Company (NIPC), a subsidiary to the Iranian Petroleum Ministry, is owned by the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran. ... Industrial development and Renovation Organization of Iran (IDRO) was established in 1967 to develop the industry sector and to accelerate the industrialization process of the country. ... The Iran Electronics Industries (in Persian: ØµÙ†Ø§ÛŒØ¹ Ø§Ù„Ú©ØªØ±Ù†ÛŒÚ© Ø§ÛŒØ±Ø§Ù†) also known as (ØµØ§Ø§ÛŒØ±Ø§Ù†) or (Sana-ey Electronik-e Iran) was established in Iran in 1972. ... Iran Aviation Industries Organization (IAIO) Iran aviation industry organization was established in 1966 for planning, controlling, and managing the aviation industries of armed forces for better use of extra resources and capabilities aiming to serve domestic and forging industries. ... The Iranian Space Agency (ISA) is a governmental space agency. ... Environmental issue in Iran Especially in urban areas, vehicle emissions, refinery operations, and industrial effluents contribute to poor air quality. ... The Iranian Cultural Continent - consisting of the modern nations Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, and surrounding regions - is home to one of the richest art heritages in world history and encompasses many disciplines including architecture, painting, weaving, pottery, calligraphy, metalworking and stone masonry. ... The Persian carpet (Pahlavi bÅb[1] Persian farÅ¡ ÙØ±Ø´, meaning to spread and Arabic qÄli, Turkish hali)[2] is an essential part of Persian art and culture. ... The Iranian Cultural Continent - consisting of the modern nations Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, and surrounding regions - is home to one of the richest art heritages in world history and encompasses many disciplines including architecture, painting, weaving, pottery, calligraphy, metalworking and stone masonry. ... This article is about the material. ... Artists can use woodworking to create delicate sculptures. ... For other uses, see Carpet (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Textile (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Cotton (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Wool (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Tehran (disambiguation). ... Naghsh-i Jahan Square, Esfahan. ... For Caspian Sea, go to: Caspian Sea CASPIAN Consumers Against Supermarket Privacy Invasion and Numbering (CASPIAN) is a national grass-roots consumer group dedicated to fighting supermarket loyalty or frequent shopper cards. ...

Large-scale manufacturing in factories began in the 1920s and developed gradually. During the Iran-Iraq War, Iraq bombed many of Iran’s petrochemical plants, and the large oil refinery at Abadan was badly damaged and forced to halt production. Reconstruction of the refinery began in 1988 and production resumed in 1993. However, the war also stimulated the growth of many small factories producing import-substitution goods and materials needed by the military. Combatants Iran Patriotic Union of Kurdistan Iraq Peoples Mujahedin of Iran Commanders Ruhollah Khomeini Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani Ali Shamkhani Mostafa Chamran â€ Saddam Hussein Ali Hassan al-Majid Strength 305,000 soldiers 500,000 Pasdaran and Basij militia 900 tanks 1,000 armored vehicles 3,000 artillery pieces 470 aircraft... View of Shell Oil Refinery in Martinez, California. ... Abadan (Persian: ) is a city in the Khuzestan province in southwestern Iran (Persia). ...

The country’s major manufactured products are petrochemicals (w/a fertilizer plant in Shiraz), steel (w/mills in Esfahan and Khuzestan), and copper products. Other important manufactures include automobiles (with production crossing the 1 million mark in 2005), ^[32] electric appliances (television sets, refrigerators, washing machines, and other consumer items), telecommunications equipment, cement, industrial machinery (Iran has the largest operational stock of industrial robots in West Asia) ^[33], paper, rubber products, processed foods (including refined sugar and vegetable oil), carpets, leather products and pharmaceuticals. Currently, 55 pharmaceutical companies in Iran produce more than 96% (quantitatively) of medicines on the market worth $1.2 billion annually.^[34]^[35] A petrochemical is any chemical derived from fossil fuel. ... Spreading manure, an organic fertilizer Fertilizers (also spelled fertilisers) are compounds given to plants to promote growth; they are usually applied either via the soil, for uptake by plant roots, or by foliar feeding, for uptake through leaves. ... For other uses, see Shiraz (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Steel (disambiguation). ... Naghsh-i Jahan Square, Esfahan. ... Map showing Khuzestan in Iran Domes like this are quite common in Khuzestan province. ... For other uses, see Copper (disambiguation). ... Car redirects here. ... Fridge redirects here. ... Front-loading washing machine. ... Telecommunication Company of Iran (TCI) was established in 1971 with a new organizational structure as the main responsible administration for the entire telecommunication affairs, and Iran Telecommunication Industries (ITI) was also founded in the same year to manufacture the required equipment for the national long-distance network. ... In recent years, Irans construction market has been thriving due to an increase in national and international investment to the extent that it is now the largest in the Middle East region. ... A machine is any mechanical or electrical device that transmits or modifies energy to perform or assist in the performance of tasks. ... For other uses, see Paper (disambiguation). ... This does not cite any references or sources. ... Food preservation is the process of treating and handling food in such a way as to stop or greatly slow down spoilage to prevent foodborne illness while maintaining nutritional value, texture and flavor. ... This article is about sugar as food and as an important and widely-traded commodity. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with cooking oil. ... For other uses, see Leather (disambiguation). ... Health care in Iran and medical sectors market value was almost US $240 billion in 2002 and is forecasted to rise to US $310 billion by 2007. ... Please see listing criteria on the discussion page before listing. ...

Automobile manufacturing

As of 2001, there were 13 public and privately owned automakers in Iran, of which two - Iran Khodro and Saipa - accounted for 94% of the total domestic production. Iran Khodro, which produced the most prevalent car brand in the country - the Paykan, which has been replaced in 2005 by the Samand -, is still the largest with 61% of the market in 2001, while Saipa contributed 33% of Iran’s total production in the same year. The other car manufacturers, such as the Bahman Group, Kerman Motors, Kish Khodro, Raniran, Traktorsazi, Shahab Khodro, and others together produced only 6%. These automakers produce a wide range of automobiles including motorbikes, passenger cars, vans, mini trucks, medium sized trucks, heavy duty trucks, minibuses, large size buses and other heavy automobiles used in commercial and private activities in the country. Iran ranked the world’s 16th biggest automaker in 2006 and has a fleet of 7 million cars.^[36]^[37] Which translates to almost one car per ten persons in the country. Iran Khodro Saipa Pars Khodro Shahab Khodro Iran Khodro Diesel SAIPA Diesel Morattab Kerman Khodro Raniaran Zamyad Category: ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1024x768, 352 KB) Summary www. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1024x768, 352 KB) Summary www. ... It has been suggested that Iran National be merged into this article or section. ... A joint venture (often abbreviated JV) is an entity formed between two or more parties to undertake economic activity together. ... It has been suggested that Iran National be merged into this article or section. ... SaiPa is a Finnish ice hockey team playing in SM-liiga based at Kisapuisto (capacity 4847), Lappeenranta. ... This is one of the first compiled Paykans in Iran Samand Coupe, one of the many models of the Samand family. ... Samand Sahel prototype Samand LX Samand is Irans national car, manufactured by Iran Khodro (IKCO) using local manufacturers for its parts. ... Bahman Group is a Tehran, Iran-based manufacturer of vehicles under license by Mazda. ... Kish Khodro is a car company based in kish, Iran. ...

Defense industry

Iran's 2005 defence budget was estimated to be $6.3 billion (3.3% of GDP) by London's International Institute for Strategic Studies or $91 per capita. Iran's defense industry has taken great strides in the past 25 years, and now manufactures many types of arms and equipment. Since 1992, Iran's Defense Industries Organization (DIO) has produced its own tanks, armored personnel carriers, guided missiles, submarines, and a fighter plane ^[38]. As of 2006, Iran had exported weapons to 57 countries, including NATO members, and sold $100 million worth of military equipment.^[39]^[40] Irans military industry has taken great strides in the past 25 years, and now manufactures many types of sophisticated arms and equipment. ... From 1925 to the Iranian Revolution in 1979, Iran used to be equipped with the very latest Western hardware. ... The International Institute for Strategic Studies is a British think tank based in London. ... The Defense Industries Organization (DIO), (Iranian name: Sasadjah (Sazemane Sanaye Defa)), is a conglomerate of state run Iranian companies whose function is to provide Iran with the necessary military manufacturing capacity and technical abilities. ... East German BRDMs on parade during celebrations of the 40th anniversary of East Germany in 1989 Armoured personnel carriers (APCs) are light armoured fighting vehicles for the transport of infantry. ... Despite earlier roots, Iran started its missile development program in earnest during its long and costly war with Iraq. ... For other uses, see Submarine (disambiguation). ... A fighter aircraft is a military aircraft designed primarily for attacking other aircraft, as opposed to a bomber, which is designed to attack ground targets, primarily by dropping bombs. ... This article is about the military alliance. ...

Construction

The annual turnover in the construction industry amounted to $38.4 billion in 2005. Until the early 1950s the construction industry was limited largely to small domestic companies. Increased income from oil and gas and the availability of easy credit, however, triggered a subsequent building boom that attracted major international construction firms to Iran. This growth continued until the mid-1970s, when, because of a sharp rise in inflation, credit was tightened and the boom collapsed. The construction industry had revived somewhat by the mid-1980s, but housing shortages have remained a serious problem, especially in the large urban centres. Iran has also a large dam building industry.^[41] 70% of the Iranians own homes ^[42]. Milad Complex, Tehran, Iran. ... Milad Complex, Tehran, Iran. ... Houses in Fishpool Street, St Albans, England For other meanings of the word house, see House (disambiguation). ... Seismology (from the Greek seismos = earthquake and logos = word) is the scientific study of earthquakes and the movement of waves through the Earth. ... In recent years, Irans construction market has been thriving due to an increase in national and international investment to the extent that it is now the largest in the Middle East region. ... Iranian architecture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... The Borj-e Milad is a very tall tower built in Tehran, Iran. ... For other uses, see Construction (disambiguation). ... Credit as a financial term, used in such terms as credit card, refers to the granting of a loan and the creation of debt. ... Houses in Fishpool Street, St Albans, England For other meanings of the word house, see House (disambiguation). ... This article is about structures for water impoundment. ...

Energy, gas, petroleum and petrochemicals

Iran holds 10% of the world's proven oil reserves. Iran also has the world's second largest reserves of natural gas (15% of the world's total); these are exploited primarily for domestic use. Since 1913 Iran has been a major oil exporting country. The chief oil fields are found in the central and southwestern parts of the Zagros mountains in western Iran. Oil also is found in northern Iran and in the offshore waters of the Persian Gulf. Domestic oil and gas, along with hydroelectric power facilities, provide the country with power. Iran will also commission its first 1 billion dollar nuclear power plant in Bushehr in 2008. As a further drive toward diversification of energy sources, Iran has also established wind farms in several areas, this one near Manjeel. ... The Iranian constitution prohibits the granting of petroleum rights on a concessionary basis or direct equity stake. ... 2007 Gas Rationing Plan in Iran was launched by president Mahmoud Ahmadinejads cabinet to reduce that countrys fuel consumption. ... Iranian oil fields The National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC), under the direction of the Ministry of Petroleum of Iran, is an oil and natural gas producer and distributor headquartered in Tehran. ... Asalouyeh (Persian: Ø¹Ø³Ù„ÙˆÛŒÙ‡) also transcribed Assalouyeh and Assaluyeh, and sometimes prefixed by bandar, meaning port) is a town in southern Iran, in Bushehr Province. ... Iran is planning to open a commodity exchange, variously referred to as the Iran Petroleum Exchange, International Oil Bourse or Iranian Oil Bourse. ... The Islamic Republic of Irans nuclear program goes back many decades. ... For other uses, see Natural gas (disambiguation). ... The Zagros Mountains (In Persian:رشته‌کوه‌های زاگرس) make up Irans second largest mountain range. ... Map of the Persian Gulf. ... Hydroelectric dam diagram The waters of Llyn Stwlan, the upper reservoir of the Ffestiniog Pumped-Storage Scheme in north Wales, can just be glimpsed on the right. ... A nuclear power station. ... Bushehr or Bushire (Ø¨ÙˆØ´Ù‡Ø±), pop. ...

In the late 1970s, it ranked as the fourth largest oil producer (OPEC's second largest oil producer) and the second largest oil exporter in the world. Following the 1979 revolution, however, the government reduced daily oil production in accordance with an oil conservation policy. Further production declines occurred as result of damage to oil facilities during the war with Iraq. Oil production began increasing in the late 1980s due to the repair of damaged pipelines and the exploitation of newly discovered offshore oil fields in the Persian Gulf. Not to be confused with APEC. OPEC Logo The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is an international cartel[1][2] made up of Algeria, Angola, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Venezuela, and Ecuador (which rejoined OPRC in November 2007) . The... Map of the Persian Gulf. ...

Major refineries are located at Abadan (site of the country's first refinery, built 1913), Kermanshah, and Tehran. Pipelines move oil from the fields to the refineries and to such exporting ports as Abadan, Bandar-e Mashur, and Kharg Island. In the late 1990s, Iran's state-owned oil and gas industry entered into major exploration and production agreements with foreign consortia. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (966x966, 559 KB) Summary Map of Major Iranian Energy Projects and Pipelines Source: US Department of Energy URL: http://www. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (966x966, 559 KB) Summary Map of Major Iranian Energy Projects and Pipelines Source: US Department of Energy URL: http://www. ... For other uses, see Gas (disambiguation). ... Not to be confused with APEC. OPEC Logo The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is an international cartel[1][2] made up of Algeria, Angola, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Venezuela, and Ecuador (which rejoined OPRC in November 2007) . The... Abadan (Persian: ) is a city in the Khuzestan province in southwestern Iran (Persia). ... Kharg Island from space, April 1993 Kharg Island (Persian: Ø¬Ø²ÛŒØ±Ù‡ Ø®Ø§Ø±Ú©, also sometimes written as Khark Island) is a continental island in the Persian Gulf belonging to Iran (Persia). ...

By 2004, Iran’s annual oil production was 1.4 billion barrels, creating a net profit of $50 billion.^[43] Iran manufactures 50-80% of its industrial equipments domestically, including oil tankers, oil rigs, offshore platforms and exploration instruments. ^[44] In February 2008 the Iranian Oil Bourse was inaugurated in Kish Island to trade crude oil and petrochemical products.^[45] The transactions will be made in Iranian rial and other major currencies. ^[46] For other uses, see Barrel (disambiguation). ... Natural gas drilling rig A drilling rig or oil rig is a structure housing equipment used to drill for and extract oil or natural gas from underground reservoirs. ... Iran is planning to open a commodity exchange, variously referred to as the Iran Petroleum Exchange, International Oil Bourse or Iranian Oil Bourse. ... Kish (Persian: Ú©ÛŒØ´) is an Iranian island and city in the Persian Gulf, and is part of the Hormozgan province. ... ISO 4217 Code IRR User(s) Iran Inflation 15. ...

Mining

Iran’s mining industry is under-developed. Mineral production contributes only 0.6% to the country’s GDP. Add other mining-related industries and this figure increases to just 4%. Many factors have contributed to this, namely lack of suitable infrastructure, legal barriers, exploration difficulties, and government control over all resources. Iranâ€™s mining industry is under-developed. ...

Although the petroleum industry provides the majority of economic revenues, about 75% of all mining sector employees work in mines producing minerals other than oil and natural gas. These include coal, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromium, barite, salt, gypsum, molybdenum, strontium, silica, uranium, and gold (most as a coproduct of the Sar Cheshmeh copper complex operations). The mines at Sar Cheshmeh in Kerman Province contain the world's second largest lode of copper ore. Large iron ore deposits lie in central Iran, near Bafq, Yazd, and Kerman. The government owns 90% of all mines and related large industries in Iran and is seeking foreign investment for the development of the mining sector. In the steel and copper sectors alone, the government is seeking to raise around $1.1 billion in foreign financing.^[47] Coal Example chemical structure of coal Coal is a fossil fuel formed in ecosystems where plant remains were saved by water and mud from oxidization and biodegradation. ... General Name, symbol, number iron, Fe, 26 Chemical series transition metals Group, period, block 8, 4, d Appearance lustrous metallic with a grayish tinge Standard atomic weight 55. ... For other uses, see Copper (disambiguation). ... General Name, Symbol, Number lead, Pb, 82 Chemical series Post-transition metals or poor metals Group, Period, Block 14, 6, p Appearance bluish gray Standard atomic weight 207. ... General Name, symbol, number zinc, Zn, 30 Chemical series transition metals Group, period, block 12, 4, d Appearance bluish pale gray Standard atomic weight 65. ... REDIRECT [[ Insert text]]EWWWWWWWWWWWWW YO General Name, symbol, number chromium, Cr, 24 Chemical series transition metals Group, period, block 6, 4, d Appearance silvery metallic Standard atomic weight 51. ... Baryte with Cerussite from Morocco Baryte with Galena and Hematite from Poland Barite (BaSO4) is a mineral consisting of barium sulfate. ... This article is about common table salt. ... For other uses, see Gypsum (disambiguation). ... General Name, Symbol, Number molybdenum, Mo, 42 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 6, 5, d Appearance gray metallic Standard atomic weight 95. ... General Name, Symbol, Number strontium, Sr, 38 Chemical series alkaline earth metals Group, Period, Block 2, 5, s Appearance silvery white metallic Standard atomic weight 87. ... The chemical compound silicon dioxide, also known as silica, is the oxide of silicon, chemical formula SiO2. ... This article is about the chemical element. ... GOLD refers to one of the following: GOLD (IEEE) is an IEEE program designed to garner more student members at the university level (Graduates of the Last Decade). ... Sar Cheshmeh or Sarcheshmeh (سرچشمه) is large open cast copper mine in the Kerman Province of Iran, considered to be the second largest copper deposite worldwide. ... For other uses, see Copper (disambiguation). ... Yazd or Yezd (In Persian: ÛŒØ²Ø¯), is the capital of Yazd province, one of the most ancient and historic cities in Iran and a centre of Zoroastrian culture. ... For the U.S. city, see Kerman, California. ... Investment is a term with several closely-related meanings in finance and economics. ...

Services

Urbanization has contributed to significant growth in the service sector. Important service industries include public services (including education), commerce, personal services, professional services, and tourism. Irans educational system comprises many schools and universities scattered throughout the country. ... University of Tehran College of Humanities Iran has a large network of private, public, and state affiliated universities offering degrees in higher education. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... This is a list of Iranian Research Centers: The Academy of Arts of Iran, Tehran The Academy of Persian Language & Literature, Tehran The Academy of Medical Sciences of Iran, Tehran The Academy of Sciences of Iran, Tehran Aerospace Research Institute, Tehran Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Karaj Chemistry & Chemical... Health care in Iran and medical sectors market value was almost US $240 billion in 2002 and is forecasted to rise to US $310 billion by 2007. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 399 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (1200 Ã— 1804 pixel, file size: 347 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Photo composition, Iran tourism. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 399 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (1200 Ã— 1804 pixel, file size: 347 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Photo composition, Iran tourism. ... Tourist redirects here. ... For the Venetian Snares album, see Hospitality (album). ... Tourist redirects here. ...

The constitution entitles Iranians to basic health care. In the early 2000s, about 65% of the population was covered by the voluntary national health insurance system. Although over 85% of the population use an insurance system to reimburse their drug expenses, the government heavily subsidises pharmaceutical production/importation in order to increase affordability of medicines and vaccines. The total market value of Iran’s health and medical sector was almost $240 billion in 2002 and is forecasted to rise to $310 billion by 2007.^[49] A physician visiting the sick in a hospital. ...

Despite efforts in the 1990s toward economic liberalization, government spending—including expenditures by quasi-governmental foundations (Bonyad) that dominate the economy—has been high. Estimates of service sector spending in Iran are regularly more than two-fifths of the GDP, and much of that is government-related spending, including military expenditures, government salaries, and social service disbursements. Economic liberalization ... Government spending or government expenditure consists of government purchases, which can be financed by seigniorage (the creation of money for government funding, at a heavy price of high inflation and other possibly devastating consequences), taxes, or government borrowing. ... Bonyads are Iranian charitable trusts that control over 40% of Irans GDP. Initially set up during the time of the Shah, they were used to funnel money into the Shahs personal coffers. ... A social worker is a person employed in the administration of charity, social service, welfare, and poverty agencies, advocacy, or religious outreach programs. ...

The tourist industry declined dramatically during the war with Iraq in the 1980s but has subsequently revived. About 1,659,000 foreign tourists visited Iran in 2004; most came from Asian countries, including the republics of Central Asia, while a small share came from the countries of the European Union and North America. The most popular tourist destinations are Esfahan, Mashhad, and Shiraz. In the early 2000s the industry still faced serious limitations in infrastructure, communications, regulatory norms, and personnel training.^[50] The majority of the 300,000 tourist visas granted in 2003 were obtained by Asian Muslims, who presumably intended to visit important pilgrimage sites in Mashhad and Qom. Several organized tours from Germany, France, and other European countries come to Iran annually to visit archaeological sites and monuments. Iran currently ranks 68th in tourism revenues worldwide. Iran with attractive natural and historical sites is rated among the 10 most touristic countries in the world. Close to 1.8% of national employment is generated in the tourism sector which is slated to increase to 10% in the next five years.^[51] Map of Central Asia showing three sets of possible boundaries for the region Central Asia located as a region of the world Central Asia is a vast landlocked region of Asia. ... North American redirects here. ... Naghsh-i Jahan Square, Esfahan. ... Mashhad (Persian: , literally the place of martyrdom) is the second largest city in Iran and one of the holiest cities in the Shiah world. ... For other uses, see Shiraz (disambiguation). ... For the Bobby Womack album, see Communication (1972 album). ... It has been suggested that Convention (norm) be merged into this article or section. ... Training refers to the acquisition of knowledge, skills, and competencies as a result of the teaching of vocational or practical skills and knowledge that relates to specific useful skills. ... A tourist visa is not available for use for over a long period of time. ... A Muslim is a believer in or follower of Islam. ... This article is about the religious or spiritual journey. ... Mashhad (Persian: , literally the place of martyrdom) is the second largest city in Iran and one of the holiest cities in the Shiah world. ... Qom (Persian: Ù‚Ù…, also known as Qum or Kom) is a city in Iran and the Qom (River) flows through the town. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... Archaeology or sometimes in American English archeology (from the Greek words αρχαίος = ancient and λόγος = word/speech) is the study of human cultures through the recovery, documentation and analysis of material remains, including architecture, artefacts, biofacts, human remains, and landscapes. ... A monument is a structure built for commemorative or symbolic reasons rather than for any overtly functional use. ... Tourist redirects here. ...

Social protection

Social protection covers the employees between the age of 18 and 65 years, and the financing is shared between the employee (7% of the wages), the employer (20-23%) and the State (which supplements the contribution of the employer to a total value of 3%). Social protection is extended to the self-employed workers, who voluntarily contribute between 12% and 18% of their income according to the desired protection. The social security makes it possible to ensure the employees against unemployment, the disease, old age (retirement pension), the occupational accidents. Iran did not legislate in favour of a universal social protection, but in 1996, the Center of the statistics of Iran estimates that more than 73% of the Iranian population is covered by social security. Bonyads are Iranian charitable trusts that control over 40% of Irans GDP. Initially set up during the time of the Shah, they were used to funnel money into the Shahs personal coffers. ... A self-employed person works for himself/herself instead of as an employee of another person or organization, drawing income from a trade or business. ... Social security primarily refers to social welfare service concerned with social protection, or protection against socially recognized conditions, including poverty, old age, disability, unemployment and others. ... CIA figures for world unemployment rates, 2006 Unemployment is the state in which a person is without work, available to work, and is currently seeking work. ... This article is about the medical term. ... Retirement is the point where a person stops employment completely. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... A railing accidentally collapses at a college football game, spilling fans onto the sidelines An accident is something going wrong unexpectedly. ...

Civil servants, the regular military, law enforcement agencies, and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, Iran’s second major military organization, have their own pension systems. In 2003 the minimum standard pension was 50% of the worker’s earnings but not less than the amount of the minimum wage. Iran spent 22.5% of its 2003 national budget on social welfare programs. More than 50% of that amount covered pensions. Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (Persian Ø³Ù¾Ø§Ù‡ Ù¾Ø§Ø³Ø¯Ø§Ø±Ø§Ù† Ø§Ù†Ù‚Ù„Ø§Ø¨ Ø§Ø³Ù„Ø§Ù…ÛŒ - Sepah Pasdaran Enghaleb Islam-e), often shortened to Revolutionary Guards, or called by its Persian name Sepah, tranlated to English as Pasdaran, is a military organization of the Islamic Republic of Iran. ... The minimum wage is the minimum rate a worker can legally be paid (usually per hour) as opposed to wages that are determined by the forces of supply and demand in a free market. ... For the rental car company, see Budget Rent a Car. ... ...

Welfare programs for the needy are managed by more than 30 individual public agencies, and semi-state organizations called Bonyads, as well as by several private non-governmental organizations. In 2003, the government began to consolidate its welfare organizations in an effort to eliminate redundancy and inefficiency. Bonyads are a consortium of over 120 organizations which are tax-exempt, receive government subsidies and religious donations and answer directly to the Supreme Leader of Iran. They control over 20% of Iran's GDP and they are involved in everything from vast soybean and cotton fields to hotels to soft drinks to auto-manufacturing to shipping lines. Bonyads are overstaffed, corrupt, and generally not profitable. ^[52] In 2007, Iran had 12 million people living below the poverty line. Six million of these people were not supported by any foundation or organization.^[53] This article is about financial assistance paid by government organizations. ... Bonyads are Iranian charitable trusts that control over 40% of Irans GDP. Initially set up during the time of the Shah, they were used to funnel money into the Shahs personal coffers. ... A consortium is an association of two or more individuals, companies, organisations or governments (or any combination of these entities) with the objective of participating in a common activity or pooling their resources for achieving a common goal. ... A tax exemption is an exemption to the tax law of a state or nation in which part of the taxes that would normally be collected from an individual or an organization are instead forgone. ... A subsidy is generally a monetary grant given by government in support of an activity regarded as being in the public interest. ... A donation is to give a fund or cause or such donated gift usually for charitable reasons. ... The post of Supreme Leader (Persian: Ø±Ù‡Ø¨Ø± Ø§Ù†Ù‚Ù„Ø§Ø¨, Rahbare Enqelab,[1] lit. ... Map of countries showing percentage of population who have an income below the national poverty line The poverty line is the level of income below which one cannot afford to purchase all the resources one requires to live. ...

Banking system

The government makes loans and credits available to industrial and agricultural projects, primarily through banks. Iran’s unit of currency is the rial. The official exchange rate averaged 8,614 rials to the U.S. dollar in 2004. However, rials are exchanged on the unofficial market at a higher rate. In 1979, the government nationalized all private banks and announced the establishment of a banking system whereby, in accordance with Islamic law, interest on loans was replaced with handling fees; the system went into effect in the mid-1980s. Bank Markazi, Tehran, Iran The Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran (Persian: â€Ž, Bank Markazi Jomhouri Islami Iran) is the central bank of Iran. ... ISO 4217 Code IRR User(s) Iran Inflation 15. ... The Shetab system is the only electronic banking clearance and automated payments system used in Iran. ... TSE Logo The Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) (Persian: Ø¨ÙˆØ±Ø³ Ø§ÙˆØ±Ø§Ù‚ Ø¨Ù‡Ø§Ø¯Ø§Ø± ØªÙ‡Ø±Ø§Ù†) is Irans largest stock exchange, which first opened in April 1968. ... Image File history File links 500rial_Iran. ... Image File history File links 500rial_Iran. ... In economics, the inflation rate is the rate of increase of the average price level (a measure of inflation). ... ISO 4217 Code IRR User(s) Iran Inflation 15. ... Islamic banking refers to a system of banking or banking activity that is consistent with Islamic law (Sharia) principles and guided by Islamic economics. ...

The banking system consists of the central bank also known as Bank Markazi Iran, which issues currency and oversees all state and private banks; several commercial banks that are headquartered in Tehran but have branches throughout the country; two development banks; and a housing bank that specializes in home mortgages. Accounts of the state-owned commercial banks are dominated by loans to state and Bonyad enterprises and to large-scale private firms. The government began to privatize the banking sector in 2001, when it issued licenses to two new privately owned banks. Bank Markazi, Tehran, Iran Bank Markazi Iran or Bank Markazi Jomhouri Islami Iran (Persian: Ø¨Ø§Ù†Ú© Ù…Ø±Ú©Ø²ÛŒ Ø¬Ù…Ù‡ÙˆØ±ÛŒ Ø§Ø³Ù„Ø§Ù…ÛŒ Ø§ÙŠØ±Ø§Ù†) is the Central bank of Iran. ... A commercial bank is a type of financial intermediary and a type of bank. ... For other uses, see Tehran (disambiguation). ... The phrase development bank may refer to: Community development banks fund low-income areas in the United States Multilateral Development Bank provide financing for international development This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. ... This article is about the legal mechanism used to secure property in favor of a creditor. ... Bonyads are Iranian charitable trusts that control over 40% of Irans GDP. Initially set up during the time of the Shah, they were used to funnel money into the Shahs personal coffers. ... Privatization (sometimes privatisation, denationalization, or, especially in India, disinvestment) is the process of transferring property, from public ownership to private ownership and/or transferring the management of a service or activity from the government to the private sector. ...

The Tehran Stock Exchange trades the shares of more than 400 registered companies. The stock market capitalisation of listed companies in Iran was valued at $42 billion in 2007.^[54] TSE Logo The Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) (Persian: Ø¨ÙˆØ±Ø³ Ø§ÙˆØ±Ø§Ù‚ Ø¨Ù‡Ø§Ø¯Ø§Ø± ØªÙ‡Ø±Ø§Ù†) is Irans largest stock exchange, which first opened in April 1968. ... Market capitalization, often abbreviated to market cap, mkt. ...

Communications

The government runs the broadcast media, which includes five national radio stations and five national television networks, as well as dozens of local radio and television stations. In 2000 there were 252 radios and 158 television sets in use for every 1,000 residents. There were 219 telephone lines and 110 personal computers for every 1,000 residents. Computers for home use became more affordable in the mid-1990s, and since then demand for access to the Internet has increased rapidly, where Iran has now the world's fourth largest number of bloggers. In 1998 the Ministry of Post, Telegraph & Telephone (renamed the Ministry of Information & Communication Technology) began selling Internet accounts to the general public. In 2006, the Iranian telecom industry's revenues were estimated at $1.2 billion. ^[55] The government runs the broadcast media, which includes three national radio stations and two national television networks, as well as dozens of local radio and television stations. ... Telecommunication Company of Iran (TCI) was established in 1971 with a new organizational structure as the main responsible administration for the entire telecommunication affairs, and Iran Telecommunication Industries (ITI) was also founded in the same year to manufacture the required equipment for the national long-distance network. ... Persian (Iranian) media include: Iranian News Agencies Iranian Newspapers Iranian Blogs Iranian magazines Iranian TV stations Cinema of Iran Communications in Iran Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting Censorship in Iran Iran and copyright issues Encyclopedia Iranica Gooya - List of Persian (Iranian) media on the Internet Gooyauk - Iranian media resources Jahani... For other uses, see Telephone (disambiguation). ... This article is about the machine. ... Blogging in Iran operates under special circumstances because the government restricts certain views. ...

Transport

Iran has an extensive paved road system linking most of its towns and all of its cities. In 2002 the country had 178,152 km (111,000 mi) of roads, of which 66% were paved. There were 55 passenger cars for every 1,000 inhabitants. Trains operated on 11,106 km (6,942 mi) of railroad track.^[56]^[57]^[58] Major routes and railways of Iran Iran has an extensive paved road system linking most of its towns and all of its cities. ... Tehran Metro // The initial plans of the Tehran Metro, which was to be Irans first metro system, were laid out before the Iranian revolution in the 1970s. ... The Islamic Republic of Iran Railways (IR) is the national state-owned railway system of Iran. ... The maritime fleet of the Islamic Republic of Iran Shipping Lines (IRISL Group) comprises 115 ocean-going vessels with the total capacity of 3. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Tehran1. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Tehran1. ... For other uses, see Tehran (disambiguation). ... The government runs the broadcast media, which includes three national radio stations and two national television networks, as well as dozens of local radio and television stations. ...

The country’s major port of entry is Bandar-Abbas on the Strait of Hormuz. After arriving in Iran, imported goods are distributed throughout the country by trucks and freight trains. The Tehran-Bandar-Abbas railroad, opened in 1995, connects Bandar-Abbas to the railroad system of Central Asia via Tehran and Mashhad. Other major ports include Bandar Anzali and Bandar e-Torkeman on the Caspian Sea and Korramshahr and Bandar e-Khomeyni on the Persian Gulf. Dozens of cities have airports that serve passenger and cargo planes. Iran Air, the national airline, was founded in 1962 and operates domestic and international flights. All large cities have mass transit systems using buses, and several private companies provide bus service between cities. Tehran, Mashhad, Shiraz, Tabriz, Ahwaz and Esfahan are in the process of constructing underground mass transit rail lines. The Hindu Temple in Bandar Abbas, Iran, built during the Qajar era for Indian soldiers serving in the British Army during the British occupation. ... Historical map of the area (1892) Map Of Strait of Hormuz Satellite image The Strait of Hormuz (Arabic: â€Ž, Persian: â€Ž) is a narrow, strategically important stretch of ocean between the Gulf of Oman in the southeast and the Persian Gulf in the southwest. ... For other uses, see Tehran (disambiguation). ... The Hindu Temple in Bandar Abbas, Iran, built during the Qajar era for Indian soldiers serving in the British Army during the British occupation. ... Mashhad (Persian: , literally the place of martyrdom) is the second largest city in Iran and one of the holiest cities in the Shiah world. ... Bandar-e Anzali (in Persian: بندر انزلی), known as Bandar-e Pahlavi (بندر پهلوی) before the Iranian Revolution, is a harbour town on the Caspian Sea, in the Iranian province of Gilan, close to Rasht. ... The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on Earth by area, variously classed as the worlds largest lake or a full-fledged sea. ... Map of the Persian Gulf. ... Iran Air(Persian: ) is the flag carrier airline of Iran, based in Tehran. ... For other uses, see Tehran (disambiguation). ... Mashhad (Persian: , literally the place of martyrdom) is the second largest city in Iran and one of the holiest cities in the Shiah world. ... For other uses, see Shiraz (disambiguation). ... Tabriz (Azeri and Persian: ØªØ¨Ø±ÛŒØ²; is the largest city in north-western Iran with an estimated population of 1,597,319 (2007 est. ... Iranian province of Khuzestan and has a warm & humid climate. ... Naghsh-i Jahan Square, Esfahan. ...

Foreign Trade and Economic Relations

Petroleum constitutes the bulk of Iran's exports, valued at $46.9 billion in 2006.^[59] Iran's non-oil exports stood at $16.3 billion in the year ending March 20, 2007, a rise of 47.2% from the previous period.^[60] The total volume of imports to Iran rose by 189% from $13.7 billion in 2000 to an estimated $39.7 billion in 2005.^[61] Map of the ECO member states The Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) is an intergovernmental international organization involving ten Asian nations. ... The official D-8 logo. ... The Colombo Plan began in 1951, and is a regional organisation focused on social development. ... Flag of the United Nations Flag of Islamic Republic of Iran United Nations Security Council Resolution 1747 was adopted unanimously by the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) on 24 March 2007. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 351 pixelsFull resolutionâ€Ž (1,425 Ã— 625 pixels, file size: 59 KB, MIME type: image/png) This bubble map shows the global distribution of Iranian exports in 2006 as a percentage of the top market (Japan - $9,886,570,000). ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 351 pixelsFull resolutionâ€Ž (1,425 Ã— 625 pixels, file size: 59 KB, MIME type: image/png) This bubble map shows the global distribution of Iranian exports in 2006 as a percentage of the top market (Japan - $9,886,570,000). ... Petro redirects here. ...

Iran's major commercial partners are China, Germany, South Korea, Japan, France, Russia and Italy. From 1950 until 1978, the United States was Iran's foremost economic and military partner; thus participating greatly in the modernization of its infrastructure and industry. After the Iranian Revolution in 1979 though, the United States ended its economic and diplomatic ties, banned Iranian oil imports and froze $12 billion of its assets. In 1996, the U.S. Government passed the Iran and Libya Sanctions Act (ILSA) which prohibits U.S. (and non-U.S. companies) from investing and trading with Iran for more than $20 million annually,^[62] with the exception, since 2000, for items like pharmaceuticals, medical equipment, caviar and Persian rugs. Iran-China relations date back over many centuries. ... The relations between Germany and Iran have been some of the closest between any western nation and post-1979 Iran. ... This article details Iran-France relations from its inception in the 17th century until modern times. ... This article is about the 1979 revolution in Iran. ... Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ... Health care in Iran and medical sectors market value was almost US $240 billion in 2002 and is forecasted to rise to US $310 billion by 2007. ... Health care in Iran and medical sectors market value was almost US $240 billion in 2002 and is forecasted to rise to US $310 billion by 2007. ... For the band of the same name, see Caviar (band). ... Introduction A traditional rug weaver in Isfahan. ...

Since the mid 90's, Iran has increased its economic cooperation with other developing countries in "south-south integration" including Syria, India, China, South Africa, Cuba and Venezuela. Iran is expanding its trade ties with Turkey and Pakistan and shares with its partners the common objective for the creation of a single economic market in West and Central Asia called ECO. Image File history File links ECO_Map. ... Image File history File links ECO_Map. ... Map of the ECO member states The Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) is an intergovernmental international organization involving ten Asian nations. ... Iran-China relations date back over many centuries. ... The relations between Iran and Turkey have been generally peaceful since the establishment of the Turkish Republic, but sometimes have also been strained. ... A single market is a customs union with common policies on product regulation, and freedom of movement of all the four factors of production (land, enterprise, capital and labour). ... Map of Central Asia showing three sets of possible boundaries for the region Central Asia located as a region of the world Central Asia is a vast landlocked region of Asia. ... Map of the ECO member states The Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) is an intergovernmental international organization involving ten Asian nations. ...

Since 2003, Iran has increasingly invested in the economy and reconstruction of its neighboring countries like in Iraq and Afghanistan. In Dubai, UAE, it is estimated that Iranians expatriates are handling over 20% of its domestic economy with an equal proportion of its population. ^[63] ^[64] Money is invested in the local real estate market and import-export businesses, collectively known as the Bazaar, and geared towards providing Iran and other countries with the demanded consumer goods. In 2006, the combined net worth of the Iranian citizens abroad was about 1.3 trillion dollars.^[65] Location of Dubai in the UAE Coordinates: , Country Emirate Dubai Incorporated (town) June 9, 1833 Incorporated (emirate) December 2, 1971 Founder Maktoum bin Bati bin Suhail (1833) Seat Dubai Subdivisions Towns and villages Jebel Ali Hatta Al Hunaiwah Al Aweer Al Hajarain Al Lusayli Al Marqab Al Shindagha Al Faq... UAE redirects here; for other uses of that term, see UAE (disambiguation) The United Arab Emirates is an oil-rich country situated in the south-east of the Arabian Peninsula in Southwest Asia, comprising seven emirates: Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras al-Khaimah, Sharjah and Umm al-Quwain. ... Real estate is a legal term that encompasses land along with anything permanently affixed to the land, such as buildings. ... The Grand Timcheh of Qoms Bazaar. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Net worth (sometimes net assets) is the total assets minus total liabilities of an individual or company. ... Language(s) Persian (Western dialect, in addition to regional varieties), Azeri (southern dialect), Kurdish, Gilaki, Mazandarani, Balochi, Arabic, Turkmen, Lori, Bakhtiari, Armenian, Tat, Talysh, Assyrian Religion(s) Predominately Shia Muslim. ...

Since 2006, Iran's Nuclear Program has become the subject of contention with the West because of suspicions regarding Iran's military intentions. This has led the UN Security Council to impose sanctions against Iran on select companies linked to this program, thus furthering its economic isolation on the international scene. This article is about Irans civilian nuclear program. ... A session of the Security Council in progress The United Nations Security Council is the most powerful organ of the United Nations. ... This article outlines economic, trade, scientific and military Sanctions against Iran, which has been put forward by the U.S. government, or under U.S. pressure. ... Look up isolation in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Foreign Direct Investment

In the 1990s and early 2000s, some indirect oilfield development agreements were made with foreign firms. Buyback contracts in the oil sector, for instance, were arranged in which the contractor funded all the investments, and then received remuneration from the National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) in the form of an allocated production share, then transfered operation of the field to NIOC after a set number of years, at which time the contract was completed. This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Asalouyeh (Persian: Ø¹Ø³Ù„ÙˆÛŒÙ‡) also transcribed Assalouyeh and Assaluyeh, and sometimes prefixed by bandar, meaning port) is a town in southern Iran, in Bushehr Province. ... Iran International Exhibitions Company (IIEC) Iran International Exhibitions Company (IIEC) is the largest and the leading organizer of international and specialized exhibitions in iran with its offices located at tehran permanent fair ground. ... This article outlines economic, trade, scientific and military Sanctions against Iran, which has been put forward by the U.S. government, or under U.S. pressure. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 516 pixelsFull resolutionâ€Ž (1,023 Ã— 660 pixels, file size: 153 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 516 pixelsFull resolutionâ€Ž (1,023 Ã— 660 pixels, file size: 153 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... This article is about economics. ... Synthetic motor oil For other uses, see Oil (disambiguation). ... Iranian oil fields The National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC), under the direction of the Ministry of Petroleum of Iran, is an oil and natural gas producer and distributor headquartered in Tehran. ...

Foreign investment has been hindered by unfavorable or complex operating requirements in Iran and by international sanctions, although in the early 2000s the Iranian government liberalized investment regulations. Foreign investors have concentrated their activity in a few sectors of the economy: the oil and gas industries, vehicle manufacture, copper mining, petrochemicals, foods, and pharmaceuticals. Iran absorbed 24.3 billion dollars of foreign investment from Iranian calendar year 1993 to 2007.^[67] Foreign transactions with Iran amounted to $150 billion between 2000 and 2007 worth of major contracts including private and government lines of credit.^[68] Iran has $62 billion worth of assets abroad (2007).^[69] Investment is a term with several closely-related meanings in finance and economics. ... This article outlines economic, trade, scientific and military Sanctions against Iran, which has been put forward by the U.S. government, or under U.S. pressure. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... In general, liberalization refers to a relaxation of previous government restrictions, usually in areas of social or economic policy. ... Synthetic motor oil For other uses, see Oil (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Gas (disambiguation). ... The Trikke is a Human Powered Vehicle (HPV) Automobiles are among the most commonly used engine powered vehicles. ... For other uses, see Copper (disambiguation). ... This article is about mineral extractions. ... A petrochemical is any chemical derived from fossil fuel. ... Pharmacology (in Greek: pharmacon is drug, and logos is science) is the study of how chemical substances interfere with living systems. ... The Iranian calendar (Persian: ), also known as Persian calendar or (mistakenly) the JalÄli Calendar is an astronomical solar calendar currently used in Iran and Afghanistan as the main official calendar. ... A line of credit is a type of credit in which a bank undertakes to provide credit to a client during a predefined period. ...

The most active investors have been Germans, Norwegian, British, French, Chinese, Japanese, Russian, South Korean, Swedish, and Swiss companies. The sectors involved have been in electronics, telecom, utilities, energy, construction, transportation, clothing, food and beverages.^[70]

Iran and the World Trade Organization

Iran has an observer status at the World Trade Organization (WTO) since 2005. The United States has consistently blocked Iran's bid to join the WTO since Tehran first asked for membership several years ago.^[71] G15 countries. ... Examples of popular pirated items in Iran. ... WTO redirects here. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Yet, if Iran does eventually gain membership status in the WTO, among other prerequisites, copyright laws will have to be obeyed in Iran. This would require a major overhaul of business and trade operations in Iran, a change which many experts believe would be a price too heavy for Iran's economy to pay at the present time. Still, Iran is hoping to attract billions of dollars worth of foreign investment while creating a more favorable investment climate, such as reduced restrictions and duties on imports and the creation of free trade zones like in Qeshm, Chabahar and Kish Island. Examples of popular pirated items in Iran. ... A free trade zone (FTZ) or Export processing zone (EPZ) is one or more areas of a country where tariffs and quotas are eliminated and bureaucratic requirements are lowered in hopes of attracting new business and foreign investments. ... Qeshm Island is a protected UNESCO biosphere reserve, seen here on a stormy day in The Persian Gulf. ... Kish (Persian: Ú©ÛŒØ´) is an Iranian island and city in the Persian Gulf, and is part of the Hormozgan province. ...

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