Please read the important note at the end of this article for an explanation of the (AU) and (IdF) abbreviations.

Paris as an engine of the global economy: La Défense (in the background), the largest business district of Europe, with 3.5 million m² of office space.

The metropolitan area of Paris is one of the engines of the global economy. In 2003 the GDP of the metropolitan area (IdF) of Paris as calculated by INSEE was US$506.7 billion ^[1] (at real exchange rates, not at PPP). If it were a country, the metropolitan area (IdF) of Paris would be the 15th largest economy in the world (as of 2003), above Brazil (US$492.3 billion) ^[2] and Russia (US$432.9 billion) ^[2]. Look up expert in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Image File history File links Photo self taken in 1999 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Photo self taken in 1999 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... La Défense, the new skyline of Paris La Défense is one of Paris major central business districts, located west of the city proper in the heart of the département of the Hauts-de-Seine. ... City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur Tossed by the waves, she does not founder Coordinates : , Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) Administration Subdivisions 20 arrondissements Département Paris (75) Région ÃŽle-de-France Mayor Bertrand Delanoë (PS) City (commune) Characteristics Land Area 86. ... INSEE is the French abbreviation for the French National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies (French: Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Although in terms of population the Paris metropolitan area is only approximately the 20th largest metropolitan area in the world, its GDP is the fifth largest in the world after the metropolitan areas of Tokyo, New York, Los Angeles, and Osaka. The Greater Tokyo Area (東京都市圏 Tōkyō-toshiken), also the Tokyo-Yokohama area, is a large metropolitan area in Japan consisting of the metropolis of Tokyo and the prefectures of Chiba, Kanagawa and Saitama. ... The New York metropolitan area is the largest in the United States and the third largest in the world (after Tokyo and Mexico City). ... The Los Angeles--Riverside--Orange County, CA CMSA was a defined Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area between June, 1993 and June, 2003. ... Ōsaka-Kōbe-Kyōto is the name of a metropolitan area that is centered around the cities of Osaka in the Osaka prefecture, Kobe in the Hyogo prefecture, and Kyoto in the Kyoto prefecture. ...

The economy of Paris is extremely diverse and has not yet adopted a specialization inside the global economy (unlike Los Angeles with the entertainment industry, or London and New York with financial services). The tourism industry, for instance, employs only 3.6% ^[3] of the total workforce of the metropolitan area (AU) (as of 1999) and is by no means a major component of the economy. The Paris economy is essentially a service economy. Its manufacturing base is still important, the Paris metropolitan area remaining one of the manufacturing powerhouses of Europe, but it is declining, while there is a clear shift of the Paris economy towards high value-added services, in particular business services.

Paris GDP

Economically speaking, Paris metropolitan area is among the largest economic centers in the world, with the fifth-largest gross metropolitan product in the world in 2003: A metropolitan areas gross domestic product, or GMP, is one of several measures of the size of its economy. ...

Note: there exist no official limits for London metropolitan area. 337 is the figure for Greater London. 649 is the figure for the entire southeastern area of England. Greater London is the top level administrative subdivision covering London and forms one of the nine regions of England. ...

Year in, year out, the metropolitan area (IdF) of Paris accounts for about 29% of the total GDP of metropolitan France, although its population is only 18.7% of the total population of metropolitan France (as of 2004). In 2003, according to Eurostat ^[6], the GDP of the metropolitan area (IdF) of Paris accounted alone for 4.5% of the total GDP of the European Union (of 25 members), although its population is only 2.45% of the total population of the EU25. Metropolitan France (French: France métropolitaine, or just la Métropole) is the part of France in Europe, including Corsica, as opposed to the overseas departments and overseas territories, which, while integral parts of the French Republic, are regarded as Overseas France (la France doutre-mer, or more colloquially...

Spatial organization of the Paris economy

As of the 1999 census, there were 5,089,179 ^[7] persons employed in the metropolitan area (AU) of Paris. At the same 1999 census, 4,949,306 ^[8] people living in the metropolitan area (AU) of Paris had a job. The almost 140,000 people difference between these two figures comes from an outflow of about 60,000 people living inside the metropolitan area (AU) who work outside of the metropolitan area (AU), and an inflow of about 200,000 people living outside of the metropolitan area (AU) who come to work inside the metropolitan area (AU) every day. Thus, out of the 5,089,179 people employed in the metropolitan area (AU) in 1999, only about 200,000 people (3.9% of the total) lived outside of the metropolitan area (AU), which is not surprising since the boundaries of the metropolitan area (AU) are based on commuting patterns (see: aire urbaine). In France an aire urbaine (literally: urban area) is roughly the equivalent of a US Metropolitan Statistical Area. ...

Well into the middle of the 20th century, the majority of jobs in the metropolitan area were concentrated in the city of Paris proper. However, after the Second World War the economic activity relocated to the suburbs, and the city has been steadily losing jobs to the benefit of the suburbs, in particular the Hauts-de-Seine (92) département, home of the new La Défense business district, to the west of the city proper. Today, the city of Paris is not properly speaking the economic centre of the metropolitan area as most of the offices are located in the western half of the city of Paris proper and the central portion of the Hauts-de-Seine département, forming a triangle between the Opéra Garnier, La Défense and the Val de Seine. Hauts-de-Seine has become a sort of extension of central Paris, with 815,471 ^[9] persons employed in 1999, half as many as in the city of Paris proper (1,600,815 ^[10] persons employed in 1999). Hauts-de-Seine is a département in France. ... The départements (or departments) are administrative units of France and many former French colonies, roughly analogous to English counties. ... La Défense, the new skyline of Paris La Défense is one of Paris major central business districts, located west of the city proper in the heart of the département of the Hauts-de-Seine. ... Hauts-de-Seine is a département in France. ... The départements (or departments) are administrative units of France and many former French colonies, roughly analogous to English counties. ... Sydney Opera House: one of the worlds most recognisable opera houses and landmarks. ... La Défense, the new skyline of Paris La Défense is one of Paris major central business districts, located west of the city proper in the heart of the département of the Hauts-de-Seine. ... The Val de Seine is one of the most important business districts of Paris agglomeration. ...

As a consequence workers do not just commute from the suburbs to work in the city of Paris, but also come from the city of Paris to work in the suburbs. Of the 5,089,179 persons employed in the metropolitan area (AU) of Paris in 1999, only 1,600,815 (31.5%) worked inside the city of Paris proper, while 3,488,355 (68.5%) worked in the suburbs. However, once adding Hauts-de-Seine, the previous figures show that City of Paris and Hauts-de-Seine together still harbored 47.5% of all persons employed in the metropolitan area (UA) in 1999, which should help to put into perspective the phenomenon of job relocation to the suburbs: it was as much a relocation to the suburbs as an extension of central Paris beyond the administrative borders of the city.

During the 1960s and 1970s, the French government created several villes nouvelles ("new towns") on the outer ring of Paris suburbs in order to multipolarize the economy of the city. Economically speaking, those villes nouvelles have been a relative success since many companies are still moving into those areas today. However, they didn't completely fulfill their role of multipolarization: economic activities still remain in a large measure concentrated in the central core (City of Paris and Hauts-de-Seine) of the metropolitan area, as the above employment figures show. A new town, planned community or planned city is a city, town, or community that was designed from scratch, and grew up more or less following the plan. ...

Sectors of the Paris economy

The figures below, extracted from the 1999 census ^[11], show the distribution of the 5,089,179 persons employed in the metropolitan area (AU) of Paris in 1999 across the different economic sectors. This will give a sense of the extreme diversity of the Paris economy, marked nonetheless by the notable dominance of services.

• Primary sector: Agriculture, forestry, and fishing: 26,741 persons in employment (0.5% of total workforce)
• Secondary sector: Manufacturing and mining, construction, and utilities: 913,503 p. in emp. (17.9% of t. wf)
  • Manufacturing (includes mining and oil and gas extraction): 627,534 p. in emp. (12.3 % of t. wf)
    The manufacturing industries employing most people are:
    • Electronic and electrical equipments, appliances, and components: 112,281 p. in emp. (2.2% of t. wf)
      This branch is made of: computers and peripheral equipments; mobile phones; radio and television broadcasting and wireless communications equipments; semiconductors and other electronic components; navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments; electrical engines; electric lighting equipments; miscellaneous electrical equipments (cables, transformers, switchboards, etc.). This branch DOES NOT include household electronic and electrical appliances (televisions, radios, DVD players, ovens, refrigerators, watches, clocks, etc.).
    • Publishing, printing, and reproduction of recorded media: 87,599 p. in emp. (1.7% of t. wf)
      Books, newspapers, magazines, etc. This branch DOES NOT include the motion picture and sound recording industries, neither does it include the broadcasting industries.
    • Foodstuff, beverages, and tobacco products manufacturing: 59,862 p. in emp. (1.2% of t. wf)
    • Machinery and equipment manufacturing: 56,270 p. in emp. (1.1% of t. wf)
      This branch is made of: engine, turbine, and power transmission equipments; pumps and compressors; material handling equipments; ventilation, heating, air-conditioning, and commercial refrigeration equipments; agriculture, construction, and mining machinery; machine tools; industrial molds; industrial machinery (plastics and rubber industry machinery, textile machinery, etc.); and other general purpose machinery (welding and soldering equipments, industrial process furnaces and ovens, scales and balances (except laboratory), etc.). This branch DOES ALSO INCLUDE three industries generally listed under "Fabricated metal products manufacturing" in Anglo-Saxon classifications: architectural and structural metals manufacturing; boilers, tanks, and shipping containers; and arms and ammunitions.
    • Motor vehicles, trailers, and motor vehicle parts manufacturing ("car industry"): 52,149 p. in emp. (1.0% of t. wf)
  • Construction: 235,872 p. in emp. (4.6% of t. wf)
  • Utilities: Electricity, natural gas and water supply: 50,097 p. in emp. (1.0% of t. wf)
• Tertiary sector: Services: 4,148,935 p. in emp. (81.6% of t. wf)
  The services employing most people are:
  • Business services (include rental and leasing services): 841,157 p. in emp. (16.5% of t. wf)
    • Professional and technical services: 509,048 p. in emp. (10.0% of t. wf)
      This branch is made of: computer systems design and related services; data processing, hosting, and related services; software publishing; legal services; accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative management and general management consulting; human resources and executive search consulting; marketing consulting; process, physical distribution, and logistics consulting; environmental consulting; advertising and related services; and architectural, engineering, and related services.
    • Administrative, support, and waste management services: 272,981 p. in emp. (5.4% of t. wf)
      This branch is made of: employment services (placement, temporary); investigation and security services; services to buildings and dwellings; photographic services; office administrative services; translation and interpretation services; business support services (call centers, collection agencies, etc.); packaging and labeling services; convention and trade show organizers; and waste management and remediation services. This branch DOES ALSO INCLUDE renting and leasing of machinery and equipment without operator and of personal and household goods, which is generally listed along with "Real estate" in Anglo-Saxon classifications.
    • Research and development: 59,128 p. in emp. (1.1% of t. wf)
  • Commerce: 660,843 p. in emp. (13.0% of t. wf)
    • Retail trade (except of motor vehicles) and repair: 308,323 p. in emp. (6.1% of t. wf)
    • Wholesale and commission trade (except of motor vehicles): 276,282 p. in emp. (5.4% of t. wf)
    • Sale, maintenance, and repair of motor vehicles: 76,238 p. in emp. (1.5% of t. wf)
  • Public administrations and defense: 510,972 p. in emp. (10.0% of t. wf)
  • Health services and social assistance: 451,373 p. in emp. (8.7% of t. wf)
  • Transportation, storage, and communications: 419,779 p. in emp. (8.2% of t. wf)
    This branch is made of: public and private transportation of passengers and freight; warehousing and storage; travel agencies; post and couriers; and telecommunications.
  • Education: 334,852 p. in emp. (6.6% of t. wf)
  • Finance and insurance: 256,722 p. in emp. (5.0% of t. wf)
  • Accommodation and food services (hotels and restaurants): 202,228 p. in emp. (4.0% of t. wf)

The primary sector of industry generally involves the conversion of natural resources into primary products. ... The secondary sector of industry is the manufacturing sector of industry. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Cranes are essential in large construction projects, such as this skyscraper In project architecture and civil engineering, construction is the building or assembly of any infrastructure. ... A public utility is a company that maintains the infrastructure for a public service. ... The service sector or the service industry, is one of the three main industrial categories of a developed economy, the others being the secondary industry (manufacturing and primary goods production such as agriculture), and primary industry (extraction such as mining and fishing). ...

Manufacturing

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Business services

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Commerce and finance

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References

1. ↑  Insee source: €448,933 million, i.e. US$506.7 billion at real exchange rates, using OECD conversion rate for 2003.
2. ↑  World Bank list of countries ranked by GDP as of 2003
3. ↑  Insee Île-de-France study, March 2004: Jobs in the sectors of the tourism industry
4. ↑  GDP of Japanese prefectures published by the Economic and Social Institute, Cabinet Office, Government of Japan
5. ↑  The Role of Metro Areas in the U.S. Economy published by The United States Conference of Mayors
6. ↑ Regional GDP in the EU25, Eurostat, May 2006
7. ↑  1999 French census, Total employment at workplace by gender, age, and employment status in the aire urbaine of Paris
8. ↑  1999 French census, Economically active population by gender, age, and activity status in the aire urbaine of Paris
9. ↑  1999 French census, Total employment at workplace by gender, age, and employment status in the Hauts-de-Seine département
10. ↑  1999 French census, Total employment at workplace by gender, age, and employment status in the Paris département
11. ↑  1999 French census, Total employment at workplace by gender, employment status, and economic sector in the aire urbaine of Paris

External links

• Paris Region Economic Development Agency – in English
• Regional Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Paris - Île-de-France – in French
  • Paris Region: Key figures 2006 – 2006 economic report, in English, published by the Regional Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Paris - Île-de-France
• Paris-Ile de France Capitale Economique – in English, non-profit organization created by the Paris Chamber of Commerce and Industry and made up of French companies and professional organizations aiming at promoting Greater Paris economic strengths
• Paris Développement – in English, economic development agency of the city of Paris
• IAURIF: Institute for Urban Planning and Development of the Paris Île-de-France Region – in English
• L'industrie en Île-de-France – a website in French about the manufacturing industries in the Paris Île-de-France region
• Comité Mécanique Île-de-France – a website in French about the mechanical industries in the Paris Île-de-France region
• Regional Agency for Technologies and Information Society – in French
• DRIRE Île-de-France – website of the regional division of the French Ministry of Economy, Finance, and Industry for the Paris Île-de-France region, in French
• Economic and Social Council of the Paris Île-de-France Region – in French
• INSEE Île-de-France – website of the regional division of INSEE for the Paris Île-de-France region, in French

INSEE is the French abbreviation for the French National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies (French: Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques). ...

Note

Figures for the metropolitan area of Paris which appear in this article are official INSEE figures for the statistical aire urbaine of Paris. In some cases, figures for the statistical aire urbaine were not available. In these cases, figures for the Île-de-France administrative région were used instead. The Île-de-France région matches quite well the territory of the aire urbaine, although in a few areas the boundaries of Île-de-France and the aire urbaine are different. Whenever aire urbaine figures are used, they are marked as "metropolitan area (AU)", whereas when île-de-France figures are used they are marked as "metropolitan area (IdF)". INSEE is the French abbreviation for the French National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies (French: Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques). ... In France an aire urbaine (literally: urban area) is roughly the equivalent of a US Metropolitan Statistical Area. ... Capital Paris Land area¹ 12,011 km² Regional President Jean-Paul Huchon (PS) (since 1998) Population  - Jan. ... France is divided into 26 régions: 21 of these are in the continental part of metropolitan France, one is Corse on the island of Corsica (although strictly speaking Corse is in fact a territorial collectivity, not a région, but is referred to as a région in common...