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Somaliland (Somali: Soomaaliland) is an unrecognized de facto state located in northwest Somalia in the Horn of Africa. In May of 1991, northern clans declared an independent Republic of Somaliland that now includes five of the eighteen administrative regions of Somalia, roughly the region between Ethiopia, Djibouti and the Gulf of Aden, an area of about 137,600 square kilometres. The capital of Somaliland is Hargeisa. Image File history File links Somaliland-flag. ...
Image File history File links SomalilandEmblem. ...
Flag of Somaliland The old flag The new flag of Somaliland, the former British part of Somalia, was introduced on October 14, 1996. ...
This page lists state and national mottos for the worlds independent states and their subdivisions. ...
A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that is formally recognized by a countrys government as their states official national song. ...
This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ...
In politics, a capital (also called capital city or political capital — although the latter phrase has an alternative meaning based on an alternative meaning of capital) is the principal city or town associated with its government. ...
Hargeisa Hargeisa (Somali: Hargeysa) is a city in northwestern Somalia; it is also the capital and largest city of the self-declared Republic of Somaliland which was formed in 1991. ...
Hargeisa Hargeisa (Somali: Hargeysa) is a city in northwestern Somalia; it is also the capital and largest city of the self-declared Republic of Somaliland which was formed in 1991. ...
An official language is a language that is given a unique legal status in a country, state, or other territory. ...
This is a list of presidents of Somaliland. ...
In a broad definition, a republic is a state whose political organization rests on the principle that the citizens or electorate constitute the ultimate root of legitimacy and sovereignty. ...
Dahir Riyale Kahin (Somali: Daahir Riyaale Kaahin) (born 1952) is the president of the self-declared republic of Somaliland. ...
1991 (MCMXCI) is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by area. ...
To help compare orders of magnitude of different geographical regions, we list here surface areas between 100,000 km² and 1,000,000 km². ...
This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by area. ...
2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. ...
This is a list of sovereign states and other territories by population, estimated for the year 2005. ...
List of countries/dependencies by population density in inhabitants/km². The figures in the following table are based on areas including inland water bodies (lakes, reservoirs, rivers). ...
In economics, purchasing power parity (PPP) is a number used to compare the standard of living of two countries. ...
These are two lists of countries of the world sorted by their Gross domestic product (GDP), the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. ...
This is a list of countries of the world sorted by their gross domestic product (GDP) at purchasing power parity (PPP) per capita for the year of 2004, the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year, divided by the average population for...
World map indicating HDI of nation-states, 2003. ...
2003 (MMIII) is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
This is a list of countries by Human Development Index, as included in the United Nations Development Programme Report 2005. ...
Ten Somaliland shillings (front of note) The Somaliland shilling (SlSh) is the official currency of the self declared Republic of Somaliland. ...
Time zones are areas of the Earth that have adopted the same standard time, usually referred to as the local time. ...
Daylight saving time (also called DST) is the North American term for a system intended to save daylight (the British observe summer time, and likewise the Europeans). ...
Time zones of Europe: blue - GMT or Western European Time, red - Central European Time, green - Eastern European Time, khaki - Moscow Time. ...
Coordinated Universal Time or UTC, also sometimes referred to as Zulu time or Z, is an atomic realization of Universal Time (UT) or Greenwich Mean Time, the astronomical basis for civil time. ...
Coordinated Universal Time or UTC, also sometimes referred to as Zulu time or Z, is an atomic realization of Universal Time (UT) or Greenwich Mean Time, the astronomical basis for civil time. ...
The following is a list of currently existing Internet Top-level domains (TLDs). ...
// At a glance In depth Zone 1 – North American Numbering Plan Area nanpa. ...
Several geo-political entitites in the world have no general international recognition, but they are de facto sovereign states. ...
Nations of the Horn of Africa. ...
1991 (MCMXCI) is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The Gulf of Aden is located in the Indian Ocean between Yemen on the south coast of the Arabian Peninsula and Somalia in Africa. ...
Hargeisa Hargeisa (Somali: Hargeysa) is a city in northwestern Somalia; it is also the capital and largest city of the self-declared Republic of Somaliland which was formed in 1991. ...
Although not recognized by any government, this entity has maintained a stable existence, aided by the dominance of a ruling clan. In September 2005, multiparty elections were held, which was won by the UDUB party. A team of observers from seven countries monitored the polls and found them generally free and fair, boosting Somaliland's bid for international recognition as a sovereign state.[1] September is the ninth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of four Gregorian months with 30 days. ...
2005 (MMV) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
A multi-party system is a type of party system. ...
See Election (movie) for the film directed by Alexander Payne. ...
The For Unity, Democracy, and Independence (Ururka dimuqraadiga ummadda bahawday/UDUB) is a political party in Somaliland. ...
History
- Main article: History of Somaliland
Formerly the British Somaliland Protectorate, shortly after gaining independence British Somaliland in 26 June 1960 merged with Italian Somaliland in 1960 to form Somalia. Formerly the British Somaliland Protectorate, shortly after gaining independence British Somaliland in 26 June 1960 merged with Italian Somaliland in 1960 to form Somalia. ...
The British Somaliland Protectorate was a British protectorate in the north part of the Horn of Africa, later part of Somalia. ...
For the rule of Oliver Cromwell, see The Protectorate. ...
June 26 is the 177th day of the year (178th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 188 days remaining. ...
1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ...
Italian Somaliland was an Italian colony that lasted, apart from a brief interlude of British rule, from the late 19th century until 1960 in the territory of the modern-day East African nation of Somalia. ...
In 1991, after the collapse of the central government in Somalia, the territory asserted its independence as the Republic of Somaliland, although it has received little if any international recognition. 1991 (MCMXCI) is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The economic infrastructure left behind by British, Russian, and American military assistance programs may have been largely destroyed by war. The people of Somaliland had rebelled against Siad Barre dictatorship in Mogadishu which prompted a massive reaction by the government. Siad Barre Mohamed Siad Barre (Somali: Maxamed Siyaad Barre) (1919 or 1921?, Ganane, Italian Somaliland - January 2, 1995, Lagos, Nigeria) was the socialist president of Somalia from 1969 to 1991. ...
Egal was elected president in 1993, re-elected in 1998 and remained in power until his death on May 3, 2002. The vice president Dahir Riyale Kahin was declared the new president shortly afterwards. 1993 (MCMXCIII) is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003). ...
1998 (MCMXCVIII) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean. ...
May 3 is the 123rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (124th in leap years). ...
2002 (MMII) is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Dahir Riyale Kahin (Somali: Daahir Riyaale Kaahin) (born 1952) is the president of the self-declared republic of Somaliland. ...
Politics - Main article: Politics of Somaliland
Consequently, Somaliland has formed a hybrid system of governance combining traditional and western institutions. In a series of inter-clan conferences, culminating in the Borama Conference in 1993, a beel (clan or community) system of government was constructed, which consisted of an Executive, with a President, Vice President, and Council of Ministers, a bicameral Legislature, and an independent judiciary. The traditional Somali council of elders (guurti) was incorporated into the governance structure and formed the upper house, responsible for selecting a President as well as managing internal conflicts. Government became in essence a "power-sharing coalition of Somaliland's main clans," with seats in the Upper and Lower houses proportionally allocated to clans according to a pre-determined formula. In 2002, after several extensions of this interim government, Somaliland finally made the transition to multi-party democracy, with district council elections contested by six parties, considered the "most peaceful in Africa for twenty years." The Politics of Somaliland take place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, with the President as head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. ...
Borama is the capital city of Awdal region in Somaliland. ...
The district elections also determined which parties were allowed to contest the parliamentary and presidential elections, where a party was required to demonstrate at least twenty percent of the popular vote from four out of the six regions. This important caveat insured that parties would focus on consensus building and would not organize around ethnic lines. Subsequently, three parties were selected to submit presidential candidates: the UDUB party , Kulmiye, and the Party for Justice and Democracy (UCID). On April 14, 2003, 488,543 voters participated the presidential elections, which ran more or less smoothly. The result was a slim eighty vote controversial victory for UDUB over the Kulmiye, complicated by allegations of ballot stuffing against the incumbent UDUB. Despite calls for the Kulmiye to form a rival government, the party’s leadership did not do so, instead choosing to abide by the ruling of an admittedly unqualified Supreme Court that upheld UDUB’s victory. Despite minor demonstrations, the transition to the presidency of Daahir Rayaale Kaahin proceeded peacefully. This transition, combined with the fact that Kaahin was not a member of the dominant Isaaq clan, speaks volumes about the inter-clan commitment to peace-building and the rule of law. It could be, according to Steve Kibble, "the first indigenous modern African form of government." Without a doubt, the Somaliland government holds legitimacy in the eyes of its own people. The For Unity, Democracy, and Independence (Ururka dimuqraadiga ummadda bahawday/UDUB) is a political party in Somaliland. ...
Politics of Somalia Categories: Election related stubs | Elections in Somaliland ...
Politics of Somalia Categories: Election related stubs | Elections in Somaliland ...
April 14 is the 104th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (105th in leap years). ...
2003 (MMIII) is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Dahir Riyale Kahin (Somali: Daahir Riyaale Kaahin) (born 1952) is the president of the self-declared republic of Somaliland. ...
Somaliland boasts a constitution, a functional parliament and government ministries, an army, a police force, judiciary, and many of the signs of statehood, including a flag, currency, and passports. Nonetheless, it faces some significant problems to its continued survival. Like other Somali governments, it lacks a consistent taxation base and receives most of its support from private actors. Corruption remains a problem, women are virtually unrepresented in government, and there are growing concerns about voting patterns based on ethnic lines as well as the virtual monopoly that UDUB has gained over both the regional councils and presidency in a majoritarian political context. Moreover, the large part of Somalilanders still harbour vivid memories of a predatory and extractive central state and are therefore wary of the construction of any strong central authority; this is evident in the importance placed on the role of the regional councils in dealing with local problems. The tricolor flag of France A flag is a piece of coloured cloth flown from a pole or mast, usually for purposes of signalling or identification. ...
The title page of European Union passports bears the name European Union, then the name of the issuing country, in the official languages of all EU countries. ...
See also: List of Somaliland politicians, Elections in Somaliland This is a list of politicians in Somaliland, an unrecognised republic that is de facto independent from Somalia: Abdurahman Ali Tur Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal Dahir Rayale Kahin Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud Faysal Ali Warabe [Jama Mohamed Qalib [Omar Arteh Qalib [Ismail Mohamoud Hureh (Buba) [eng yahye abdi osman (caraale) [eng...
Politics of Somalia Categories: Election related stubs | Elections in Somaliland ...
Regions - Main article: Regions of Somaliland
 Map showing the regions of Somalia, with those in Somaliland in green The 6 regions of Somalia within Somaliland include: Map showing the regions of Somalia, with those in Somaliland in green The regions of Somaliland are (capitals in parentheses): Awdal (Baki) Saaxil (Berbera) Sanaag (Erigavo) Sool (Laascaanood) Togdheer (Burao) Woqooyi Galbeed (Hargeisa) See also Regions of Somalia Category: ...
Image File history File links Somalia-Somaliland. ...
Image File history File links Somalia-Somaliland. ...
Awdal is a region (gobolka) in northern Somalia. ...
Saaxil (Sahel) is a region (gobolka) in northern Somaliland. ...
Sanaag is a region in northern Somalia, formerly part of the British Somaliland protectorate. ...
Sool is a region (gobolka) in northern Somalia, and was part of the British Somaliland protectorate. ...
Togdheer is a region (gobolka) in Somalia. ...
Woqooyi Galbeed is a region (gobolka) in northern Somalia. ...
Geography Somaliland borders Djibouti, Ethiopia and Puntland. PNG version of Image:Somaliland-map-en. ...
PNG version of Image:Somaliland-map-en. ...
Motto: None Anthem: Somalian National Anthem Capital Garowe Largest city Official languages Somali Government • President • Vice-President • Mohamud Muse Hersi • Hasan Dahir Independence - Declared - Recognition From Somalia 1998 none Area • Total • Water (%) ~250,000 km² (not ranked) Negl. ...
The north east has historically been known as the Ajan Coast.
Economy Somaliland's economy is in its developing stages, as is Somaliland itself. The Somaliland shilling is not a currency recognized by any other government, and currently has no official exchange rate with any other type of currency. Ten Somaliland shillings (front of note) The Somaliland shilling (SlSh) is the official currency of the self declared Republic of Somaliland. ...
The bulk of Somaliland's exports are of livestock (whose quantity in Somaliland has been estimated at 24 million): in 1996, 3 million heads of livestock were exported to the Middle East alone. Other exports include hides, skins, myrrh and frankincense. 1996 (MCMXCVI) is a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ...
A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ...
Look up hide in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Model of the layers of human skin In zootomy and dermatology, skin is an organ of the integumentary system composed of a layer of tissues that protect underlying muscles and organs. ...
100g of Myrrh. ...
100g of frankincense resin. ...
There is considered to be "serious potential" for agriculture, most significantly cereal production and horticulture. Mining currently consists solely of quarrying, although there exist confirmed deposits of petroleum, natural gas, gypsum, lime, mica, quartz, lignite coal, lead, gold and sulphur, among others.[2] Cereal crops are mostly grasses cultivated for their edible seeds (actually a fruit called a caryopsis). ...
The Latin words hortus (garden plant) and cultura (culture) together form horticulture, classically defined as the culture or growing of garden plants. ...
A small cinder quarry A dimension stone quarry A quarry is a type of open-pit mine from which rock or minerals are extracted. ...
Nodding donkey pumping an oil well near Sarnia, Ontario Petroleum (from Latin petra – rock and oleum – oil), crude oil, sometimes colloquially called black gold, is a thick, dark brown or greenish liquid. ...
Natural gas (commonly refered to as gas in many countries, but note that gas is also an American and Canadian shortening of gasoline) is a gaseous fossil fuel consisting primarily of methane. ...
Gypsum is a very soft mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate, with the chemical formula CaSO4·2H2O. // Chemical structure Gypsum from New South Wales, Australia Heating gypsum above approximately 150°C (302°F) partially dehydrates the mineral by driving off exactly 75% of the water contained in its chemical structure. ...
Lime is a general term for various naturally occurring minerals and materials derived from them in which carbonates, oxides and hydroxides of calcium predominate. ...
rock with mica Mica sheet mica flakes The mica group of minerals includes several closely related materials having highly perfect basal cleavage. ...
Quartz is the most abundant mineral in the Earths continental crust. ...
Coal Coal is a fossil fuel extracted from the ground by mining. ...
General Name, Symbol, Number lead, Pb, 82 Chemical series poor metals Group, Period, Block 14, 6, p Appearance bluish white Atomic mass 207. ...
General Name, Symbol, Number gold, Au, 79 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 6, d Appearance metallic yellow Atomic mass 196. ...
For the chemical element see: sulfur. ...
Demographics See also: Demographics of Somalia Demographics of Somalia, Data of FAO, year 2005 ; Number of inhabitants in thousands. ...
Culture See also: Culture of Somalia // Somali History The origins of the Somalis and their time of entry into present-day Somalia has been debated, with Somalis claiming descent from Arabian families who settled on the coast 1,000 years ago, and historians tracing the origins to pre-15th century. ...
Miscellaneous topics The holidays in Somaliland: Somaliland uses two calendar systems: the Gregorian calendar primarily, but the Islamic calendar for religious holidays. ...
Due to its unrecognized status, The Republic of Somaliland has no official contacts with any other nation. ...
See also The Republic of Djibouti (جيبوتي) is a country in eastern Africa, located in the Horn of Africa. ...
Holidays in the Danger Zone: Places That Dont Exist is a five-part BBC Four series on breakaway states and unrecognised nations, devised, written and presented by Simon Reeve. ...
References - ^ “SOMALIA: Ruling party wins Somaliland parliamentary polls”, Reuters, 17 Oct 2005.
- ^ Republic of Somaliland Country Profile. (HTML) Somaliland Official Website. URL accessed on 2005-12-02.
Reuters Group plc is best known as a news service that provides reports from around the world to newspapers and broadcasters. ...
2005 (MMV) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
December 2 is the 336th day (337th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
External links - Somaliland BBC Country Profile
- Somaliland official website
- Togdheer online
- United Kingdom parliamentary debate on recognition of Somaliland, February 4, 2004 led by Tony Worthington
February 4 is the 35th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
William Anthony Worthington (born 11 October 1941) is a politician in the United Kingdom. ...
Rough map of Somalias regions and states The regions of Somalia are (capitals in parentheses): Awdal (*) (Baki) Bakool (Oddur) Banaadir (Mogadishu) Bari (Bender Cassim) Bay (Baidoa) Galguduud (Dusa Mareb) Gedo (Garbahaarey) Hiraan (Beledweyne) Jubbada Dhexe (Buaale) Jubbada Hoose (Kismaayo) Mudug (Galcaio) Nugaal (Garoowe) Sanaag (*) (Erigavo) Shabeellaha Dhexe (Giohar...
Image File history File links Flag_of_Somalia. ...
Awdal is a region (gobolka) in northern Somalia. ...
Bakool is a region (gobolka) in central Somalia. ...
Is is in Banadircounty where Mogadishu stand. ...
Bari is a region (gobolka) in northern Somalia. ...
Bay is a region (gobolka) in southern Somalia. ...
This article does not cite its references or sources. ...
This article contains information that has not been verified and thus might not be reliable. ...
Categories: Regions of Somalia | Africa geography stubs ...
Categories: Stub | Regions of Somalia ...
Jubbada Hoose is a region (gobolka) in southern Somalia. ...
This article does not cite its references or sources. ...
Nugaal is a region (gobolka) in northern Somalia. ...
Saaxil (Sahel) is a region (gobolka) in northern Somaliland. ...
Sanaag is a region in northern Somalia, formerly part of the British Somaliland protectorate. ...
Shabeellaha Dhexe, also Central Shabele is a region (gobolka) in southern Somalia. ...
Shabeellaha Hoose, or Lower Shabele, is a region (gobolka) in southern Somalia. ...
Sool is a region (gobolka) in northern Somalia, and was part of the British Somaliland protectorate. ...
Togdheer is a region (gobolka) in Somalia. ...
Woqooyi Galbeed is a region (gobolka) in northern Somalia. ...
Motto: None Anthem: Somalian National Anthem Capital Garowe Largest city Official languages Somali Government • President • Vice-President • Mohamud Muse Hersi • Hasan Dahir Independence - Declared - Recognition From Somalia 1998 none Area • Total • Water (%) ~250,000 km² (not ranked) Negl. ...
Southwestern Somalia is allegedly supposed to be an autonomous self-proclaimed state in Somalia founded by Hassan Muhammad Nur Shatigadud a notorious warlord, on April 1, 2002. ...
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