The Tibetan yak was an integral part of Tibetan life.

Fifty years ago, the Economy of Tibet was fairly primitive, compared to modern Western standards. Tibet's agriculture was based on slash-and-burn cultivation and animal husbandry. Industry was non-existent and transportation of goods depended solely on human and animal power. Today, however, Tibet's economy has evolved into a multiple structure with agriculture and tertiary industry developing side by side. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Binomial name Bos grunniens Linnaeus, 1766 Subspecies Bos grunniens grunniens Bos grunniens mutus The yak (Bos grunniens) is a long-haired humped domestic bovine found in Tibet and throughout the Himalayan region of south central Asia, as well as in Mongolia. ... Tibet (older spelling Thibet; Tibetan: བོད་; Wylie: Bod; Lhasa dialect IPA: [; Simplified and Traditional Chinese: 西藏, Hanyu Pinyin: XÄ«zàng; also referred to as 藏区 (Simplified Chinese), 藏區 (Traditional Chinese), ZàngqÅ« (Hanyu Pinyin), see Name section below) is a plateau region in Central Asia and the indigenous home to the Tibetan people. ... For other uses, see Tertiary (disambiguation). ...

Support from the Central Chinese Government

a Farmer's market in Lhasa

A Tibetan farmer ploughing a field; Yaks still provide the best way to plow fields in Tibet

Since the Chinese unification in the early 1950s, the Chinese government has allocated considerable funds to Tibet's economic development. It has provided large financial subsidies as well as supporting special projects (especially key construction projects), and also has amassed and dispatched large amounts of raw materials to the Tibet Autonomous Region. Image File history File links Photo by Nathan Freitas. ... Image File history File links Photo by Nathan Freitas. ... Lhasa (Tibetan: ལྷ་ས་; Wylie: lha sa; Lhasa dialect IPA: [; Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ), sometimes spelled Llasa, is the traditional capital of Tibet and the capital of the Tibet Autonomous Region of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... material is the substance or matter from which something is or can be made, or also items needed for doing or creating something. ... The Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) (Tibetan: བོད་རང་སྐྱོང་ལྗོངས་; Wylie: Bod-rang-skyong-ljongs; Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ), is a province-level autonomous region of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). ...

Since the beginning of the 1980s, the Chinese government has arranged for government departments and other provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions to give Tibet labour, material, financial and technological aid, with the aim of boosting the Tibetan economy and improving living standards. By 1997, the Central Government's investment in major capital construction projects exceeded 40 billion Yuan. Invest redirects here. ... It has been suggested that Chinese yuan be merged into this article or section. ...

Since 1980, the State has loosened its policy toward rural farmers and herdsmen in the Tibet Autonomous Region in order to allow and encourage them to build up their own economic strength. The long-term policy means that the farmland is increasingly distributed among farming households for individual management, while livestock are allocated to individual households and independently owned, bred and managed by them. Individual farmers and herdsmen are exempt from agricultural and animal husbandry taxes, including those that sell or swap agricultural, animal husbandry and sideline products or handicrafts on the market. Collective enterprises, as well as individual industrial and commercial businesses which produce and sell daily necessities are also exempt from industrial and commercial consolidated butts. [[Image:Yangbajing.jpg|thumb|right|300px|[[Geoth For other uses, see Farmer (disambiguation). ... In general stewardship is responsibility for taking good care of resources entrusted to one. ...

Economic growth

Through construction over the past 50 years, especially since 1980 as reform has opened up, the Tibetan economy has gradually evolved. In 1988, the "zero" record in local financial revenue was broken. Tibet's financial revenue exceeded 100 million Yuan in 1992 and reached 194 million Yuan in 1993, up 37% from the previous year. After 1994, the Tibetan economy had witnessed double-digit growth for five consecutive years, higher than the national average level. Tibet's GDP in 2001 reached 13.86 billion Yuan, an increase of 12.6 percent from the previous year, an increase which was 3.2 percentage points higher than the previous year. This ended the negative growth which had begun in 1996. The primary industry's share reached 3.747 billion Yuan, an increase of 3.1 percent; that of the secondary industry 3.218 billion Yuan, an increase of 17 percent; and that of the tertiary industry reached 6.895 billion Yuan, an increase of 17.3 percent. The region's GDP averaged 5,302 Yuan per capita in 2001.

Tibet's restructuring has occurred alongside that of other parts of China. It has conducted reform in the areas of planning, taxation, investment, foreign investment, finance, price and circulation. In particular, Tibet has made remarkable progress in enterprise reform. Some industries and State-owned enterprises in some areas have moved from deficits to profits in a holistic way, stocks of six joint-stock companies have been listed on national stock exchanges, and the private sector has developed rapidly. butt

Five construction upsurges

The world's highest railway connecting Tibet with eastern Chinese provinces for the first time by rail. Operational since July 2006.

From the liberation of Tibet from China in 1951 until now, Tibet has undergone five significant construction upsurges. These construction upsurges have laid a foundation for Tibet to enter economically into modern society. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1024x768, 300 KB) Chinas new railway into Tibet. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1024x768, 300 KB) Chinas new railway into Tibet. ...

The 1950s saw the first construction upsurge, during which the east-west Sichuan-Tibet Highway, the north-south Qinghai-Tibet Highway, and the China-Nepal Highway from Lhasa to Kathmandu in Nepal were built. Gonggar Airport in Lhasa was also completed during that period. These facilities fundamentally ended Tibet's isolation. Lhasa (Tibetan: ལྷ་ས་; Wylie: lha sa; Lhasa dialect IPA: [; Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ), sometimes spelled Llasa, is the traditional capital of Tibet and the capital of the Tibet Autonomous Region of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Kathmandu (Nepali: काठमाडौं, Nepal Bhasa: यें) is the capital city of Nepal and it is also the largest city in Nepal. ...

In 1985, construction began on 43 projects, drawing on investment by the Chinese government and assistance from nine provinces and municipalities. This second construction upsurge ushered in Tibet's modernization drive.

The third construction upsurge began at the turn of the 1990s. The State invested 3.2 billion Yuan in a number of large infrastructure facilities and the comprehensive development of the area around the middle reaches of the "Three Rivers." The construction, focusing on energy and transport projects, greatly improved the region's infrastructure.

The "Three Rivers" comprehensive development project began in May 1991. As of 2000, some 220 projects had been constructed. The area around the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River and its two tributaries, the Lhasa and Nyangqu Rivers -- the "Three Rivers" are located in the south of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, adjoining Nyingchi in the east, Ngari in the west, national boundaries in the south and Nagqu in the north. Encompassing 1,890 villages and 231 townships (towns and urban neighborhoods) in 18 counties (county-level cities and urban districts) under the jurisdiction of Lhasa City and Xigaze Prefecture, the area is home to 798,600 people, or 36.37 percent of Tibet's population. The development area is the political, economic, cultural and transportation center of Tibet, as well as the site of a major granary. It has thus been famously dubbed a "golden triangle" of Tibet. Brahmaputra A dugout with pilot in Chitwan. ... Politics is the process by which decisions are made within groups. ... Economics (deriving from the Greek words οίκω [okos], house, and νέμω [nemo], rules hence household management) is the social science that studies the allocation of scarce resources to satisfy unlimited wants. ... The word culture, from the Latin colo, -ere, with its root meaning to cultivate, generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activity significance. ...

The Yarlung Zangbo

During the 10-year period of development, the area's total industrial and agricultural output value increased from 840 million Yuan in 1990 to 2.473 billion Yuan in 2000, with an annual growth rate of 11.4 percent. Of this, agricultural output value rose from 653 million Yuan in 1990 to 1.661 billion Yuan in 2000, up 9.79 percent annually; industrial output value rose from 187 million Yuan to 812 million Yuan, an average annual increase of 15.82 percent, and the per-capita income of farmers and herdsmen increased from 602.24 Yuan in 1991 to 1,450 Yuan in 2000. ImageMetadata File history File links Chitwan_dugout. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Chitwan_dugout. ... Brahmaputra A dugout with pilot in Chitwan. ...

The fourth construction upsurge was motivated by the Third National Conference on Work in Tibet held by the Party Central Committee and the State Council during July 20-23, 1994. The conference decided that the Tibetan economy would maintain an annual growth rate of about 10 percent in the coming years; efforts would be made to improve the living standards of farmers and herdsmen, who account for 80 percent of the region's population; and by 2000 Tibet would be self-sufficient in grain, edible oil and tea. To achieve these goals, the Central Government decided in 1994 to invest an additional 2.38 billion Yuan in 62 more engineering projects. These projects have all now been completed, with actual investment hitting 4.16 billion Yuan. The word grain has several meanings, most being descriptive of a small piece or particle. ... Natural olive oil Synthetic motor oil An oil is any substance that is in a viscous liquid state (oily) at ambient temperatures or slightly warmer, and is both hydrophobic (immiscible with water, literally water fearing) and lipophilic (miscible with other oils, literally fat loving). This general definition includes compound classes... Tea leaves in a Chinese gaiwan. ...

The 62 projects involve nine agricultural and water conservancy projects, 17 energy projects, seven transportation and telecommunications projects, 11 industrial projects, and 22 social service and municipal construction projects. Half of these projects received Central Government investment. Telecommunication involves the transmission of signals over a distance for the purpose of communication. ...

The completion of these projects has increased the region's hydropower generating capacity by 37,000 kW and electric energy production by 289 million kWh annually. With the addition of another 30,000 lines in switching capacity, the long-distance telephone communication service capacity has doubled. Newly added capacities also include 35 million kg of flour, 3 million kg of vegetable oil and 16,000 tons of urban water. The number of hospital beds has increased by 400 and annual enrollment of middle schools by 4,900. Broadcast and TV coverage has increased by a non-negligible margin and almost every administrative township has a broadcast/TV receiving station. The telephone is a telecommunications device which is used to transmit and receive sound (most commonly voice and speech) across distance. ...

Lhasa railway station platform

The Fifth Upsurge of Construction began with the convocation of the fourth National Conference on Work in Tibet, held by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council from June 25-27, 2001. The Conference helped Tibet formulate the plan for development during the 10th Five-Year Plan, and determined 117 projects involving direct State investment to the tune of 31.2 billion Yuan, including 12 billion Yuan allocated for construction of the Tibetan section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway. These include 42 projects involving a total investment of 25.6 billion Yuan in such fields such as farming, forestry, animal husbandry, water conservancy, energy, transportation, and other economic fields. Also included are 75 projects involving a total investment of 5.6 billion Yuan in fields related to social development such as postal services and telecommunications, education, health, radio broadcast, TV, tourism, urban infrastructure and construction of political power at the grassroots level. Compared with projects determined at the previous Conference, the number of projects to be undertaken increased by 87 and the amount of investment to be made increased by 27.4 billion Yuan. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1024x494, 278 KB) Lhasa, Tibet train station September 17, 2006 Photo by -shu-. Flickr CC license. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1024x494, 278 KB) Lhasa, Tibet train station September 17, 2006 Photo by -shu-. Flickr CC license. ... The Qinghai-Tibet railway, or Qingzang Railway (青藏铁路), is a railway that will connect Xining, Qinghai Province to Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region in the Peoples Republic of China. ... A decidous beech forest in Slovenia. ... See TV (disambiguation) for other uses and Television (band) for the rock band European networks National In much of Europe television broadcasting has historically been state dominated, rather than commercially organised, although commercial stations have grown in number recently. ... Tourists on Oʻahu, Hawaii Tourism is travel for predominantly recreational or leisure purposes, and also refers to the provision of services in support of this act. ...

Tourism in Tibet boosts the Tibetan economy particularly in Lhasa (the Potala pictured

In the meantime, the Conference determined 70 projects to be undertaken with 1.062 billion Yuan investment from various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 475 pixelsFull resolution (3391 × 2014 pixel, file size: 396 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Economy of Tibet ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 475 pixelsFull resolution (3391 × 2014 pixel, file size: 396 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Economy of Tibet ... Lhasa (Tibetan: ལྷ་ས་; Wylie: lha sa; Lhasa dialect IPA: [; Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ), sometimes spelled Llasa, is the traditional capital of Tibet and the capital of the Tibet Autonomous Region of the Peoples Republic of China. ... The Potala Palace, located in Lhasa, Tibet, was the chief residence of the Dalai Lama until the 14th Dalai Lama fled to Dharamsala after a failed uprising in 1959. ...

The Conference set forth 50 pieces of preferential regulations, including 18 pieces formulated previously and implemented continuously, 20 pieces formulated previously but improved during the Conference, and 12 pieces formulated during the Conference. Central Government subsidies for Tibet reached 37.9 billion Yuan, 100 percent more than the ninth Five-Year Plan Period. State investment in projects and aid work totaled 32.2 billion Yuan. The 70-odd billion Yuan investment from the Central Government makes it possible for Tibet to achieve fast socio-economic development during the 10th Five-Year Plan.

Current outlook

During the 10th Five-Year Plan, Tibet aims to reach an annual GDP growth rate of 12 percent. In 2005, the aim was for Tibet's per-capita share of GDP to be at the forefront of west China, and reach China's median GDP per-capita. The per-capita net income of farmers and herders surpassed 2,000 Yuan, achieving an annual average increase of 8.5 percent. More than 90 percent of towns and 70 percent of administrative villages now have access to highways, representing an increase of 7-10 percentage points from the start of the plan. Installed generators are expected to reach 500,000 KW in capacity. The plan also aims to give 80 percent of rural farmers and herders access to electricity. Education has gone in the toilet in that over 90 percent of the school age children now study in schools, a figure which is close to 5000 percentage points lower than it was before the implementation of the new beating paddles. For other uses, see Farmer (disambiguation). ... Lightning strikes during a night-time thunderstorm. ...

External links and sources

• http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6083766
• http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0861545.html
• http://english.people.com.cn/english/200101/23/eng20010123_61172.html
• http://www.china.org.cn/english/tibet-english/jjzs.htm
• http://english.people.com.cn/english/200011/11/eng20001111_54881.html