|
Ecotax, short for Ecological taxation, can refer to: - A fiscal policy that introduces taxes intended to promote ecologically sustainable activities via economic incentives. Such a policy can complement or avert the need for regulatory approaches. Often, such a policy intends to maintain overall tax revenue by proportionately reducing other taxes, e.g. on human labor and renewable resources, in which case it is known as the green tax shift towards ecological taxation.
- The Pigovian taxes that are introduced by such a policy - see below.
Fiscal policy is the economic term which describes the actions of a government in setting the level of public expenditure and how that expenditure is funded. ...
Tax shift or Tax swap is a change in taxation that eliminates or reduces one or several taxes and establishes or increases others while keeping the overall revenue the same. ...
A Pigovian tax is a tax levied to correct the negative externalities of an activity. ...
Taxes affected
Examples of taxes which could be lowered by a green tax shift: Examples of ecotaxes which could be implemented or increased: In the United States, payroll tax is tax that pays for two social insurance systems: Medicare and Social Security. ...
An income tax is a tax levied on the financial income of persons, corporations or other legal entities. ...
A sales tax is a state or locality imposed percentage tax on the selling or renting of certain property or services. ...
Corporate tax refers to a direct tax levied by various jurisdictions on the profits made by companies or associations. ...
Property tax is an ad valorem tax that an owner of real estate or other property pays on the value of the thing taxed. ...
A carbon tax is a tax on energy sources which emit carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. ...
Coal rail cars in Ashtabula, Ohio Fossil fuels are hydrocarbons, primarily coal, fuel oil or natural gas, formed from the remains of dead plants and animals. ...
Minerals are natural compounds formed through geological processes. ...
Eucalyptus Forest at Swifts Creek in East Gippsland, Victoria, Australia. ...
A television licence is an official licence required in some countries for all owners of a television receiver. ...
Fishing is the activity of hunting for fish. ...
The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ...
An externality occurs in economics when a decision (for example, to pollute the atmosphere) causes costs or benefits to individuals or groups other than the person making the decision. ...
Waste management is literally the process of managing waste materials (normally those produced as a result of human activities). ...
In the context of creating Plutonium at the Hanford Site, effluent refers to the cooling water that is discharged from a nuclear reactor that may or may not be radioactive. ...
It has been suggested that Externality be merged into this article or section. ...
Hazardous waste is waste that poses substantial or potential threats to public health or the environment and generally exhibits one or more of these characteristics: ignitability corrosivity reactivity toxicity Generally, toxicity is quantified through the use of the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure or TCLP test, as required by EPA. Hazardous...
Land value taxation (LVT), or site value taxation, is the policy of raising state revenues by charging each landholder a portion of the value of a site or parcel of land that would exist even if that site had no improvements. ...
General remarks Ecotaxes are often proposed by Green political parties and conservationist interest groups. Green politics or Green ideology is the ideology of the Green Parties, mainly informed by environmentalism, ecology and sustainable economics and aimed at developing a sustainable society. ...
Tax shifting may include balancing taxation levels to be revenue-neutral for government, industry or consumer groups. Consumers are individuals or households that consume goods and services generated within the economy. ...
Taxes on consumption may take the feebate approach advocated by Amory Lovins in which additional fees on less sustainable products — such as sport utility vehicles — are pooled to fund rebates on more sustainable alternatives — such as hybrid electric vehicles. A feebate is a transportation finance initiative imposed by government that charges users of socially undesirable items (e. ...
Amory Lovins Amory Bloch Lovins (born November 13, 1947 in Washington, DC) was trained in physics and has worked professionally as an environmentalist. ...
This article or section may be confusing or unclear for some readers, and should be edited to rectify this. ...
Note: This article title may be easily confused with rabbet A rebate is a type of sales promotion used by marketers, primarily as incentives or supplements to product sales. ...
A hybrid car or hybrid electric vehicle is a vehicle which relies not only on batteries but also on an internal combustion engine which drives a generator to provide the electricity and may also drive the wheels directly. ...
The object of a green tax shift is often to implement a "full cost accounting", using fiscal policy to internalize market distorting externalities, which leads to higher efficiency and sustainable wealth creation. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
Although ecotaxes or green taxes are often opposed by conservative groups (or proposed by environmentalist movements), they are not easily characterized in this way. Basic economic theory recognizes the existence of externalities and their potential negative effects. To the extent that green taxes correct for externalities such as pollution, they correspond with mainstream economic theory. In practice, however, setting the correct taxation level or the tax collection system needed to do so is difficult, and may lead to further distortions or unintended consequences. An externality occurs in economics when a decision (for example, to pollute the atmosphere) causes costs or benefits to individuals or groups other than the person making the decision. ...
Unintended Consequences by John Ross, 1996 Unintended Consequences is a novel by author John Ross, first published in 1996 by Accurate Press. ...
Progressive or Regressive? Some green tax shift proposals have been criticized being fiscally regressive (a tax with a marginal rate that decreases as the taxpayer's income increases). Taxing resources usually implies taxing consumption, and since the poor consume more and save or invest less as a share of their income, any shift towards consumption taxes is considered regressive. Correctly assessing distributive impact of any tax shift requires specifics, eg. is the increase in the (moderately regressive) carbon tax more than offset by the decrease in the (highly regressive) payroll tax? Some proposals claim a second benefit of increased employment or lower health care costs as the market and society adjust to the new fiscal policy. These claims, as with the claim "tax cuts create jobs" are often difficult to prove or disprove even after the fact. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
Ecotax policies enacted An ecotax has been enacted in Germany by means of three laws in 1998, 1999 and 2002. The first introduced a tax on electricity and petroleum, at variable rates based on environmental considerations; renewable sources of electricity are not taxed. The second adjusted the taxes to favor efficient conventional power plants. The third increased the tax on petroleum. At the same time, income taxes were reduced proportionally so that the total tax burden remained constant. 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean. ...
1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ...
For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ...
An income tax is a tax levied on the financial income of persons, corporations or other legal entities. ...
See also A Sin tax is a euphemism for a tax specifically levied on certain generally socially-proscribed goods - usually alcohol and tobacco. ...
The Energy Tax Act (Public Law 95-318) was a law passed by the U.S. Congress in 1978 as part of the National Energy Act. ...
Green politics or Green ideology is the ideology of the Green Parties, mainly informed by environmentalism, ecology and sustainable economics and aimed at developing a sustainable society. ...
A nuclear power plant at Grafenrheinfeld, Germany. ...
Free market environmentalism is an theory that argues the free market is the best tool to preserve the health and sustainability of the environment. ...
A Pigovian tax is a tax levied to correct the negative externalities of an activity. ...
External links |
Feeds |
Contact