 Throne inside the Patriarchade of Constantinople. The Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople (Greek: Οικουμενικός Πατριάρχης Κωνσταντινουπόλεως) is the Archbishop of Constantinople — New Rome — ranking as primus inter pares (first among equals) in the Eastern Orthodox communion, which is seen by followers as the One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church. He has been historically known as the Greek Patriarch of Constantinople, as distinct from the Armenian Patriarch of Constantinople. The current holder of the office is His All Holiness Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I. His title is not recognized by the Turkish government, who only recognize him as the spiritual leader of the Greek minority in Turkey, and refer to him only as the Greek Orthodox Patriarch of the Phanar (Turkish: Fener Rum Patriği). Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (675x900, 733 KB) Throne inside the Patriarchade in Istanbul, Turkey File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople Metadata This file contains additional information, probably...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (675x900, 733 KB) Throne inside the Patriarchade in Istanbul, Turkey File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople Metadata This file contains additional information, probably...
Map of Constantinople. ...
First among equals is a phrase which indicates that a person is the most senior of a group of people sharing the same rank or office. ...
This article treats the manner in which the Eastern Orthodox Churches are organized, rather than the doctrines, traditions, practices, or other aspects of Eastern Orthodoxy. ...
The phrase One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church appears in the Nicene Creed () and, in part, in the Apostles Creed (the holy catholic church, sanctam ecclesiam catholicam). ...
The head of the Armenian Apostolic Church in Turkey and Crete is the Armenian Patriarch of Constantinople. ...
His All Holiness, Archbishop of Constantinople, New Rome and Ecumenical Patriarch, Bartholomew I (Greek: Η Î‘Ï…Ï„Î¿Ï Î˜ÎµÎ¹Î¿Ï„Î¬Ï„Î· Παναγιότης, ο ΑÏχιεπίσκοπος Κωνσταντινουπόλεως, ÎÎας Ρώμης και Οικουμενικός ΠατÏιάÏχης, ΒαÏθολομαίος Α), has been the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, and thus first among equals in the Eastern Orthodox Communion, since 2 November 1991. ...
Fanar (formerly Phanar) is a neighborhood in Istanbul, Turkey (formerly Constantinople). ...
Status
In this capacity he is first in honor among all the Orthodox bishops, presides in person or through a delegate over any council of Orthodox primates and/or bishops in which he takes part and serves as primary spokesman for the Orthodox communion, especially in ecumenical contacts with other Christian denominations. He has no direct jurisdiction over the other patriarchs or the other autocephalous Orthodox churches, but he, alone among his fellow-primates, enjoys the right of convening extraordinary synods consisting of them and/or their delegates to deal with ad hoc situations and has also convened well-attended Pan-Orthodox Synods in the last forty years. Full communion is completeness of that relationship between Christian individuals and groups which is known as communion. ...
The word ecumenical comes from a Greek word that means pertaining to the whole world. ...
For other senses, see Patriarch (disambiguation). ...
In hierarchical Christian churches, especially Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox churches, autocephaly is the status of a hierarchical church whose head bishop does not report to any higher-ranking bishop. ...
In addition to being the spiritual leader of 300 million Orthodox Christians worldwide, he is the direct administrative superior of dioceses and archdioceses serving millions of Greek, Ukrainian, Carpatho-Russian and Albanian Orthodox in North and South America, Western Europe (where his flock consists mainly of the Greek, Slavic and other Balkanic diaspora), Australia and New Zealand, Hong Kong, Southeast Asia, Korea and portions of modern Greece.
His actual position is Patriarch of the Orthodox Church of Constantinople, one of the fourteen autocephalous and two autonomous churches and the most senior (though not oldest) of the four orthodox ancient primatial sees among the five patriarchal Christian centers comprising the ancient Pentarchy of the undivided Church. In his role as head of the Orthodox Church of Constantinople, he also holds the title Archbishop of Constantinople, New Rome. For other senses, see Patriarch (disambiguation). ...
The Orthodox Church of Constantinople is one of the fifteen autocephalous Eastern Orthodox churches. ...
The Pentarchy, a Greek word meaning government of five, designates the Five Great Sees or early Patriarchates, which were the five major centres of the Christian church in the early Middle Ages: Rome (Sts. ...
New Rome is a term that can be applied to a city or a country. ...
He should not be confused with the Latin Patriarch of Constantinople, an office that is now extinct, and created after the Latin capture of Constantinople in 1204, during the Fourth Crusade and which became effectively redundant after the city was recaptured by the Byzantine Greeks, half a century later. Thus he is also known outside Orthodoxy as the Greek Patriarch of Constantinople. His official title is "His Most Godly All-Holiness the Archbishop of Constantinople New Rome and Ecumenical Patriarch". The Latin Patriarch of Constantinople was an office established as a result of Crusader activity in the Middle East. ...
The Entry of the Crusaders into Constantinople (Eugène Delacroix, 1840). ...
Unique role in Orthodox episcopacy The Ecumenical Patriarch has a unique role among Orthodox bishops, though it is not without its controversy. He is primus inter pares ("first among equals"), as he is senior among all Orthodox bishops. This primacy, expressed in canonical literature as presveia ("prerogatives"), grants to the Ecumenical Patriarch the right to preside at pan-Orthodox synods. First among equals is a phrase which indicates that a person is the most senior of a group of people sharing the same rank or office. ...
Additionally, the canonical literature of the Orthodox Church grants to the Ecumenical Patriarch the right to hear appeals in cases of dispute between bishops, though whether these canonical rights are limited only to his own patriarchate or are universal throughout the Orthodox Church is currently the subject of debate, especially between the Ecumenical Patriarchate and the Moscow Patriarchate. Saint Basils Cathedral, a well-known Russian Orthodox church situated in Moscow The Russian Orthodox Church (РуÑÑÐºÐ°Ñ ÐŸÑ€Ð°Ð²Ð¾ÑÐ»Ð°Ð²Ð½Ð°Ñ Ñ†ÐµÑ€ÐºÐ¾Ð²ÑŒ) is that body of Christians who are united under the Patriarch of Moscow, who in turn is in communion with the other patriarchs and primates of the Eastern Orthodox Church. ...
Historically, the Ecumenical Patriarch has heard such appeals and sometimes was invited to intervene in other churches' disputes and difficulties. Even as early as the time of St. John Chrysostom (5th century), Constantinople was instrumental in the deposition of multiple bishops outside its traditional jurisdiction. This still occurs today, as when in 2006 the patriarchate was invited to assist in declaring the Archbishop of the Cypriot Orthodox Church incompetent due to his having Alzheimer's disease[1]. Additionally, in 2005, the Ecumenical Patriarchate convoked a pan-Orthodox synod to express the Orthodox world's confirmation of the deposition of the Patriarch of Jerusalem[2]. In 2006, the patriarchate was invited to hear the appeal of a Russian Orthodox bishop in the United Kingdom in a dispute with his superior in Moscow, though the result of that appeal and the right to make it were both rejected by the latter[3]. John Chrysostom (349 - 407, Greek Ιωάννης ο ΧÏυσόστομος ) was a Christian bishop from the 4th and 5th centuries in Syria and Constantinople. ...
The ancient Church of Cyprus is one of the fourteen or fifteen independent (autocephalous) Eastern Orthodox churches, which are in communion and in doctrinal agreement with one another but not all subject to one patriarch. ...
The Ecumenical Patriarch has no direct jurisdiction outside the Patriarchate of Constantinople granted to him in Orthodox canonical literature, but his primary function regarding the whole Orthodox Church is one of dealing with relations between autocephalous and autonomous churches. That is, his primary function is one of Church unity.
This unique role often sees the Ecumenical Patriarch referred to as the "spiritual leader" of the Orthodox Church in some sources, though this is not an official title of the patriarch nor is it usually used in scholarly sources on the patriarchate. Such a title is acceptable if it refers to this unique role, but it sometimes leads to a belief that the office is thus the equivalent of an Orthodox papacy, an impression sometimes given from unqualified references in the press.
Early history The (arch)bishopric of Constantinople has had a continuous history since the founding of the city in 330 AD by Constantine the Great. As Constantine the Great had made Byzantium "New Rome" in 330, it was thought appropriate that its bishop, once a suffragan of Heraclea Pontica and traditionally a successor of St Andrew the Apostle, should become second only to the Bishop of Old Rome. Soon after the transfer of the Roman capital, the bishopric was elevated to an archbishopric.[4] For many decades Roman popes opposed this ambition, not because anyone thought of disputing their first place, but because they defended the Petrine principle by which all Patriarchates were derived from Saint Peter and were unwilling to violate the old order of the hierarchy out of political reasons. Constantine. ...
Constantine. ...
Byzantium, present day Istanbul, was an ancient Greek city-state, which according to legend was founded by Greek colonists from Megara in 667 BC and named after their king Byzas or Byzantas (Î’Ïζας or Î’Ïζαντας in Greek). ...
Events May 11 - Constantine I refounds Byzantium, renames it New Rome, and moves the capital of the Roman Empire there from Rome. ...
A bishop is an ordained person who holds a specific position of authority in any of a number of Christian churches. ...
Heraclea Pontica (mod. ...
Saint Andrew (Greek: Andreas, manly), the Christian Apostle, brother of Saint Peter, was born at Bethsaida on the Lake of Galilee. ...
Nickname: The Eternal City Motto: SPQR: Senatus PopulusQue Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC - Mayor Walter Veltroni Area - City 1285 km² (580 sq mi) - Urban...
The current Pope is Benedict XVI (born Joseph Alois Ratzinger), who was elected at the age of 78 on 19 April 2005. ...
Saint Peter, also known as Simon ben Jonah/BarJonah, Simon Peter, Cephas and Kepha — original name Simon or Simeon (Acts 15:14) — was one of the Twelve Apostles whom Jesus chose as his original disciples. ...
A hierarchy (in Greek: , it is derived from -hieros, sacred, and -arkho, rule) is a system of ranking and organizing things or people, where each element of the system (except for the top element) is subordinate to a single other element. ...
In 381, the First Council of Constantinople declared that "The Bishop of Constantinople shall have the primacy of honour after the Bishop of Rome, because it is the New Rome" (canon iii). The Popes refused to confirm this canon. Nonetheless, the prestige of the office continued to grow not only because of the obvious patronage of the Byzantine Emperor but because of its overwhelming physical and geographical importance. In practice, the Roman popes eventually acknowledged this situation. Events First Council of Constantinople - second Ecumenical council of the Christian Church: The Nicene creed is affirmed and extended, Apollinarism is declared a heresy. ...
The First Council of Constantinople (second ecumenical council) was called by Theodosius I in 381 to confirm the Nicene Creed and deal with other matters of the Arian controversy . ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Pope. ...
Canon law is the term used for the internal ecclesiastical law which governs various churches, most notably the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Churches and the Anglican Communion of churches. ...
This is a list of Byzantine Emperors. ...
The Council of Chalcedon in 451 established Constantinople as a patriarchate with ecclesiastical jurisdiction over Asia Minor (the dioceses of Asiane and Pontus) and Thrace as well as over the barbaric territories, non-converted lands outside the defined area of the Western Patriarchate (Old Rome) and the other three patriarchates, Alexandria, Antioch and Jerusalem, gave it appellate jurisdiction extraterritorially over canon law decisions by the other patriarchs and granted it honours equal to those belonging to the first Christian see, Rome, in terms of primacy, Rome retaining however its seniority (canon xxviii). Pope Leo I refused to accept this canon, basing himself on the fact that it was made in the absence of his legates. Eventually Constantinople's new status was accepted by Rome. In the 6th century, the official title became that of "Archbishop of Constantinople, New Rome, and Ecumenical Patriarch."[4] The Council of Chalcedon was an ecumenical council that took place from October 8 to November 1, 451, at Chalcedon (a city of Bithynia in Asia Minor), today part of the city of Istanbul on the Asian side of the Bosphorus and known as the district of Kadıköy. ...
Events April 7 - The Huns sack Metz June 20 - Attila, king of the Huns is defeated at Troyes by Aëtius in the Battle of Chalons. ...
Map of Constantinople. ...
A patriarchate is the office or jurisdiction of a patriarch. ...
In law, jurisdiction (from the Latin jus, juris meaning law and dicere meaning to speak) is the practical authority granted to a formally constituted legal body or to a political leader to deal with and make pronouncements on legal matters and, by implication, to administer justice within a defined area...
Anatolia (Greek: ανατολη anatole, rising of the sun or East; compare Orient and Levant, by popular etymology Turkish Anadolu to ana mother and dolu filled), also called by the Latin name of Asia Minor, is a region of Southwest Asia which corresponds today to...
Thrace (Bulgarian: , Greek: , Latin: , Turkish: ) is a historical and geographic area in southeast Europe. ...
Pope Leo I was a Roman aristocrat who was Pope from 440 to 461. ...
A papal Legate, from the Decretals of Boniface VIII (1294 to 1303). ...
This Buddhist stela from China, Northern Wei period, was built in the early 6th century. ...
The current Patriarch (since 1991) is Bartholomew I who has become better-known than any of his predecessors in modern times as a result of his numerous pastoral and other visits to numerous countries in all five continents and his setting up of a permanent bureau at the EU headquarters, in addition to enhancing the long-established Patriarchal Centre in Chambesy, Switzerland and also his ecological pursuits which have won him the epithet of "the Green Patriarch." His All Holiness Patriarch Bartholomew I Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I (born Demetrios Archontonis on February 29, 1940) has been the Patriarch of Constantinople, and thus first among equals in the Eastern Orthodox Communion, since November 2, 1991. ...
Ottoman ethnarchy
 Phanar Greek Orthodox College near the Church of Saint George, seat of the Ecumenical Patriarchate When the Ottoman Turks conquered Constantinople in 1453, the Patriarchate had ceased to function. The office of Patriarch was eventually bestowed in 1454 to the illustrious Byzantine scholar-monk George Scholarius, who was well-known for his opposition to union with the Latin West and took the name of Gennadius II, by the conquering Islamic Ottoman ruler, Sultan Mehmed II, who wished to establish his dynasty as the direct heirs of the Eastern Roman Emperors, and who adopted the imperial title Kayser-i-Rûm "Caesar of the Romans", one of his subsidiary titles but a most significant one. The Patriarch was designated ethnarch of the Millet of Rum (Turkish for Rome, i.e. Byzantium), which included all Orthodox Christians under Ottoman rule, regardless of their nationality in the modern sense. This role was carried out by ethnic Greeks at their great peril, in the midst of enormous difficulties and traps and inevitably with mixed success. Several incumbents of the patriarchal throne were summarily executed by the Ottoman authorities, most notably Patriarch Gregory V on Easter Monday 1821 as partial retribution for the outbreak of the last and only successful Greek Revolution against Ottoman oppression. Image File history File linksMetadata Phanar_Greek_Orthodox_College. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Phanar_Greek_Orthodox_College. ...
Gennadius II (lay name Georgios Scholarios) (died circa 1473), patriarch of Constantinople from 1454 to 1464, philosopher and theologian, was one of the last representatives of Byzantine learning, and a strong advocate of Aristotelian philosophy in the Church. ...
Mehmed II (Ottoman Turkish: Ù…Øمد ثانى Meḥmed-i sÄnÄ«, Turkish: ), (also known as el-Fatih (الÙاتØ), the Conqueror, in Ottoman Turkish, or, in modern Turkish, Fatih Sultan Mehmet) (March 30, 1432 – May 3, 1481) was Sultan of the Ottoman Empire for a short time from 1444 to 1446, and later from...
Ethnarch refers generally to political leadership over a common ethnic group or heterogeneous kingdom. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Gregory V was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 1797 to 1798, from 1806 to 1808 and from 1818 to 1821. ...
In the 19th century, the rising tide of nationalism and secularism among the Balkan Christian nations led to the establishment of several autocephalous national churches, generally under autonomous Patriarchs or Archbishops, leaving the Ecumenical Patriarch only direct control over the Christians of Turkey, parts of Greece and the archdioceses in America, Asia, Africa and Oceania where growing Greek and other migrant communities have gradually constituted a significant orthodox diaspora. In hierarchical Christian churches, especially Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox churches, autocephaly is the status of a hierarchical church whose head bishop does not report to any higher-ranking bishop. ...
Athos
 Flag of the Ecumenical Patriarch which is commonly in use in Mount Athos and in churches in Greece The Ecumenical Patriarch is also officially the "Spiritual Leader" and only bishop of the "Autonomous Monastic State of the Holy Mountain", also styled the "Athonite Republic" on Mount Athos, making him the Head of that Autonomous State, which itself is part of Greece under international law. Image File history File links Palaeologus-emblem. ...
Image File history File links Palaeologus-emblem. ...
Capital Karyes Languages Koine Greek, Church Slavonic (both liturgical), as well as Modern Greek, Russian, Serbian, Georgian, Bulgarian, Romanian (civil) Head of State Greek Minister of For. ...
Issues of religious freedom The modern Turkish state still requires the Patriarch to be a Turkish citizen (though nearly all Greek Orthodox have been deported from Turkey, see Istanbul Pogrom) but allows the Standing Synod of Metropolitan Bishops to elect the Patriarch.[5] Since the establishment of modern Turkey, therefore, the position of the Ecumenical Patriarch has been filled by ethnic Greeks, who must be Turkish citizens by birth. This article is about the country Turkey. ...
The Istanbul Pogrom, also known as the Istanbul Riots, or the ΣεπτεμβÏιανά in Greek and the 6-7 Eylül Olayları in Turkish (both literally Events of September), was a pogrom directed primarily at Istanbul’s 100,000-strong Greek minority on 6–7 September 1955. ...
Human rights groups and governments have long protested against conditions placed by the government of Turkey on the Ecumenical Patriarch[6]. For example, the Ecumenical status accorded him within Eastern Orthodoxy, and recognized by the Ottoman governments, has on occasion been a source of controversy within the Republic of Turkey, which under its laws regarding religious minorities officially recognizes him as only the "Patriarch of Fener" (Fener is the district in Istanbul where his headquarters are located). Expropriation of Church property and the closing of the Orthodox Theological School of Halki are also cited by human rights groups. However in 2004 Patriarch Bartholomew succeeded, after eighty years, to alter the composition of the twelve-member Standing Synod of Metropolitan Bishops in Constantinople so that it can include six bishops from outside Turkey. He has also been convening bienially in Constantinople convocations of all bishops in his jurisdiction. Fanar (formerly Phanar, Fener in Turkish) is a neighborhood in Istanbul, Turkey (formerly Constantinople). ...
The Halki seminary was, until its closure by the Turkish authorities in 1971, the main school of theology of the Eastern Orthodox Churchs Patriarchate of Constantinople. ...
The Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople has been the target of bomb attacks (in 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2004), desecration of patriarchal cemeteries and personal assaults against the Ecumenical Patriarch[7].
Notes and references The URL bbc. ...
The Encyclopædia Britannica is a general encyclopedia published by Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. ...
See also // [edit] Bishops of Byzantium (until 330) 1. ...
Capital Karyes Languages Koine Greek, Church Slavonic (both liturgical), as well as Modern Greek, Russian, Serbian, Georgian, Bulgarian, Romanian (civil) Head of State Greek Minister of For. ...
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Wikimedia Commons logo by Reid Beels The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ...
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