Edgar Degas
Self-portrait (Degas au porte-fusain), 1855
Birth name	Hilaire-Germain-Edgar Degas
Born	July 19, 1834(1834-07-19) Paris, France
Died	September 27, 1917 (aged 83) Paris, France
Nationality	French
Field	Painting, Sculpture, Drawing
Movement	Impressionism
Influenced	Walter Sickert

Edgar Degas (19 July 1834 – 27 September 1917), born Hilaire-Germain-Edgar Degas (pronounced [ilɛʀ ʒɛʁmɛ̃ ɛdɡɑʀ dœˈɡɑ]), was a French artist famous for his work in painting, sculpture, printmaking and drawing. He is regarded as one of the founders of Impressionism although he rejected the term, and preferred to be called a realist.^[1] A superb draughtsman, he is especially identified with the subject of the dance, and over half his works depict dancers. These display his mastery in the depiction of movement, as do his racecourse subjects and female nudes. His portraits are considered to be among the finest in the history of art. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1000x1269, 100 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Edgar Degas ... is the 200th day of the year (201st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1834 (MDCCCXXXIV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... This article is about the capital of France. ... is the 270th day of the year (271st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar (see: 1917 Julian calendar). ... This article is about the capital of France. ... For other uses , see Painting (disambiguation). ... Sculptor redirects here. ... For scale drawings or plans, see Plans (drawings). ... This article is about the art movement. ... Walter Sickert Walter Richard Sickert (May 31, 1860 in Munich (Germany) – January 22, 1942) was an English impressionist painter. ... is the 200th day of the year (201st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1834 (MDCCCXXXIV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 270th day of the year (271st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar (see: 1917 Julian calendar). ... For other uses , see Painting (disambiguation). ... Sculptor redirects here. ... Printmaking is the process of making artworks by printing, normally on paper. ... For scale drawings or plans, see Plans (drawings). ... This article is about the art movement. ... The word nude may refer to: The state of nudity. ... For other uses, see Portrait (disambiguation). ...

Early in his career, his ambition was to be a history painter, a calling for which he was well prepared by his rigorous academic training and close study of classic art. In his early thirties he changed course, and by bringing the traditional methods of a history painter to bear on contemporary subject matter, he became a classical painter of modern life.^[2] Categories: Art stubs | Painting ...

Biography

Early life

Degas was born in Paris, France, the eldest of five children of Célestine Musson De Gas and Augustin De Gas, a banker. The family was moderately wealthy. At age eleven, Degas (as a young man he abandoned the more pretentious spelling of the family name)^[3] began his schooling with enrollment in the Lycée Louis-le-Grand, graduating in 1853 with a baccalauréat in literature. This article is about the capital of France. ... For other uses, see Bank (disambiguation). ... The Lycée Louis-le-Grand, in Paris is one of the most famous lycées providing preparatory classes for grandes écoles. ...

Degas began to paint seriously early in his life. By eighteen he had turned a room in his home into an artist's studio, and had begun making copies in the Louvre, but his father expected him to go to law school. Degas duly registered at the Faculty of Law of the University of Paris in November 1853, but made little effort at his studies there. In 1855, Degas met Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres, whom he revered, and was advised by him to "draw lines, young man, many lines." In April of that same year, Degas received admission to the Ecole des Beaux-Arts, where he studied drawing with Louis Lamothe, under whose guidance he flourished, following the style of Ingres.^[4] In July 1856, Degas traveled to Italy, where he would remain for the next three years. There he drew and painted copies after Michelangelo, Raphael, Titian, and other artists of the Renaissance, often selecting from an altarpiece an individual head which he treated as a portrait.^[5] It was during this period that Degas studied and became accomplished in the techniques of high, academic, and classical art.^[6] This article is about the museum. ... // A law school is an institution where future lawyers obtain legal degrees. ... Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres (pronounced (Ang, rhymes with bang, with a hint of the r, but the final es is not pronounced) (August 29, 1780 - January 14, 1867) was a French Neoclassical painter. ... cole des Beaux Arts refers to several art schools in France. ... For other uses, see Michelangelo (disambiguation). ... This article is about the Renaissance artist. ... Also see: Titian (disambiguation). ... This article is about the European Renaissance of the 14th-17th centuries. ...

Artistic career

After returning from Italy in 1859, Degas continued his education by copying paintings at the Louvre; he was to remain an enthusiastic copyist well into middle age.^[7] In the early 1860s, while visiting his childhood friend Paul Valpinçon in Normandy, he made his first studies of horses. He exhibited at the Salon for the first time in 1865, when the jury accepted his painting Scene of War in the Middle Ages, which attracted little attention.^[8] Although he exhibited annually in the Salon during the next five years, he submitted no more history paintings, and his Steeplechase—The Fallen Jockey (Salon of 1866) signaled his growing commitment to contemporary subject matter. The change in his art was influenced primarily by the example of Édouard Manet, whom Degas had met in 1864 while copying in the Louvre.^[9] This article is about the museum. ... For other uses, see Normandy (disambiguation). ... Honoré Daumier satirized the bourgeoises scandalized by the Salons Venuses, 1864 The Paris Salon (French: Salon de Paris) is the official art exhibition of the Académie des beaux-arts in Paris, France. ... “Manet” redirects here. ...

At the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, Degas enlisted in the National Guard, where his defense of Paris left him little time for painting. During rifle training his eyesight was found to be defective, and for the rest of his life his eye problems were a constant worry to him.^[10] Combatants Second French Empire North German Confederation allied with South German states (later German Empire) Commanders Napoleon III François Achille Bazaine Patrice de Mac-Mahon, duc de Magenta Otto von Bismarck Helmuth von Moltke the Elder Strength 400,000 at wars beginning 1,200,000 Casualties 150,000...

The New Orleans Cotton Exchange, 1873

After the war, in 1872, Degas began an extended stay in New Orleans, Louisiana, where his brother René and a number of other relatives lived. Staying in a house on Esplanade Avenue, Degas produced a number of works, many depicting family members. One of Degas' New Orleans works, depicting a scene at The Cotton Exchange at New Orleans, garnered favorable attention back in France, and was his only work purchased by a museum (that of Pau) during his lifetime. The New Orleans Cotton Exchange by Edgar Degas, 1873 The Cotton Exchange was established in New Orleans, Louisiana in 1871 on the corner of Carondelet and Gravier Streets. ... NOLA redirects here. ... Esplanade Avenue is an important street in New Orleans, Louisiana. ... The New Orleans Cotton Exchange by Edgar Degas, 1873 The Cotton Exchange was established in New Orleans, Louisiana in 1871 on the corner of Carondelet and Gravier Streets. ... Aquitaine Region flag Coat of arms The location of Pau is shown on this map of the historical and cultural area of Gascony. ...

Degas returned to Paris in 1873. The following year his father died, and in the subsequent settling of the estate it was discovered that Degas' brother René had amassed enormous business debts. To preserve the family name, Degas was forced to sell his house and a collection of art he had inherited. He now found himself suddenly dependent on sales of his artwork for income.^[11] By now thoroughly disenchanted with the Salon, Degas joined forces with a group of young artists who were intent upon organizing an independent exhibiting society. The first of their exhibitions, which were quickly dubbed Impressionist Exhibitions, was in 1874. The Impressionists subsequently held seven additional shows, the last in 1886. Degas took a leading role in organizing the exhibitions, and showed his work in all but one of them, despite his persistent conflicts with others in the group. He had little in common with Monet and the other landscape painters, whom he mocked for painting outdoors. Conservative in his social attitudes, he abhorred the scandal created by the exhibitions, as well as the publicity and advertising that his colleagues sought.^[1] He bitterly rejected the label Impressionist that the press had created and popularized, and his insistence on including such comparatively traditional artists as Jean-Louis Forain and Jean-François Raffaëlli in their exhibitions created rancor within the group, contributing to their eventual disbanding in 1886.^[12] Not to be confused with Édouard Manet, another painter of the same era. ... Jean-Louis Forain (October 23, 1852 - July 11, 1931 was a French Impressionist painter, lithographer, watercolorist and etcher. ... Jean-François Raffaëlli (1850 - 1924) was a French Impressionist artist, known for his paintings, sculpture and graphic work, but also active as actor and writer. ...

As his financial situation improved through sales of his own work, he was able to to indulge his passion for collecting works by artists he admired—old masters such as El Greco and such contemporaries as Manet, Pissarro, Cézanne, Gauguin, and Van Gogh. Three artists he idolized, Ingres, Delacroix, and Daumier, were especially well represented in his collection.^[13] For the Vangelis album, see El Greco (album). ... Édouard Manet (portrait by Nadar) Édouard Manet (January 23, 1832 - April 30, 1883) was a noted French painter. ... The garden of Pontoise, painted 1875. ... Cezanne redirects here. ... Eugène Henri Paul Gauguin (7 June 1848 – 8 May 1903) was a leading Post-Impressionist painter. ... van gogh is a piece of shit Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890), Netherlands artist. ... Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres (pronounced (Ang, rhymes with bang, with a hint of the r, but the final es is not pronounced) (August 29, 1780 - January 14, 1867) was a French Neoclassical painter. ... Ferdinand Victor Eugène Delacroix (April 26, 1798 – August 13, 1863) was one of the most important of the French Romantic painters. ... Honoré Daumier (portrait by Nadar). ...

In the late 1880s, Degas also developed a passion for photography.^[14] He photographed many of his friends, often by lamplight, as in his double portrait of Renoir and Mallarmê. Other photographs, depicting dancers and nudes, were used for reference in some of Degas' drawings and paintings.^[15] Photography [fÓ™tÉ‘grÓ™fi:],[foÊŠtÉ‘grÓ™fi:] is the process of recording pictures by means of capturing light on a light-sensitive medium, such as a film or electronic sensor. ... Pierre-Auguste Renoir (February 25, 1841 - December 3, 1919) was a preeminent French painter. ... Portrait of Stéphane Mallarmé by Édouard Manet. ...

As the years passed, Degas became isolated, due in part to his belief that a painter could have no personal life.^[16] The Dreyfus Affair controversy brought his antisemitic leanings to the fore and he broke with all his Jewish friends.^[17] In later life, Degas regretted the loss of those friends. The Dreyfus Affair was a political scandal with anti-Semitic overtones which divided France from the 1890s to the early 1900s. ... Antisemitism (alternatively spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism, also known as judeophobia) is prejudice and hostility toward Jews as a religious, racial, or ethnic group. ...

While he is known to have been working in pastel as late as the end of 1907, and is believed to have continued making sculpture as late as 1910, he apparently ceased working in 1912, when the impending demolition of his longtime residence on the rue Victor Massé forced a wrenching move to quarters on the boulevard de Clichy.^[18] He never married and spent the last years of his life, nearly blind, restlessly wandering the streets of Paris^[19] before dying in 1917. Degas' last years were sad and lonely, especially as he outlived many of his closest friends. ^[20] Pastel is an art medium in the form of a stick, consisting of pure powdered pigment and a binder. ...

Artistic style

The Dance Class (La Classe de Danse),1873–1876, oil on canvas, by Edgar Degas

Degas is often identified as an Impressionist, an understandable but insufficient description. Impressionism originated in the 1860s and 1870s and grew, in part, from the realism of such painters as Courbet and Corot. The Impressionists painted the realities of the world around them using bright, "dazzling" colors, concentrating primarily on the effects of light, and hoping to infuse their scenes with immediacy. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2024x2257, 659 KB) For a version with the different colour balance, see [2]. File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Edgar Degas User:Irixman/English Project ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2024x2257, 659 KB) For a version with the different colour balance, see [2]. File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Edgar Degas User:Irixman/English Project ... 1873 (MDCCCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1876 Pick up Sticks(MDCCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... See also Impressionist (entertainment): A girl with a watering can by Renoir, 1876 Impressionism was a 19th century art movement, which began as a private association of Paris-based artists who exhibited publicly in 1874. ... Gustave Courbet (portrait by Nadar) Gustave Courbet (June 10, 1819 - December 31, 1877) was a French painter. ... For a project of the French Space Agency, see COROT. Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot (portrait by Nadar) Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot (July 16, 1796 – February 22, 1875) was a French landscape painter and printmaker in etching. ...

Technically, Degas differs from the Impressionists in that, as art historian Frederick Hartt says, he "never adopted the Impressionist color fleck",^[21] and he continually belittled their practice of painting en plein air.^[22] "He was often as anti-impressionist as the critics who reviewed the shows", according to art historian Carol Armstrong; as Degas himself explained, "no art was ever less spontaneous than mine. What I do is the result of reflection and of the study of the great masters; of inspiration, spontaneity, temperament, I know nothing."^[23] Nonetheless, he is described more accurately as an Impressionist than as a member of any other movement. His scenes of Parisian life, his off-center compositions, his experiments with color and form, and his friendship with several key Impressionist artists, most notably Mary Cassatt and Edouard Manet, all relate him intimately to the Impressionist movement.^[24] Claude Monet Painting by the Edge of a Wood. ... Self-portrait (1878) by painter Mary Cassatt Mary Stevenson Cassatt (May 22, 1844 – June 14, 1926) was an American painter and printmaker. ... Édouard Manet (portrait by Nadar) Édouard Manet (January 23, 1832 - April 30, 1883) was a noted French painter. ...

Degas has his own distinct style, one reflecting his deep respect for the old masters and his great admiration for Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres and Eugène Delacroix. He was also a collector of Japanese prints, whose compositional principles influenced his work, as did the vigorous realism of popular illustrators such as Daumier and Gavarni. Although famous for horses and dancers, Degas began with conventional historical paintings such as The Young Spartans, although his treatment of such subjects became progressively less idealized. During his early career, Degas also painted portraits of individuals and groups; an example of the latter is The Bellelli Family of (c.1858–60), a brilliantly composed and psychologically poignant portrayal of his aunt, her husband, and their children. In this painting, as in The Young Spartans and many later works, Degas was drawn to the tensions present between men and women. In his early paintings, Degas already evidenced the mature style that he would later develop more fully by cropping subjects awkwardly and by choosing unusual viewpoints. Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres (pronounced (Ang, rhymes with bang, with a hint of the r, but the final es is not pronounced) (August 29, 1780 - January 14, 1867) was a French Neoclassical painter. ... Ferdinand Victor Eugène Delacroix (April 26, 1798 – August 13, 1863) was one of the most important of the French Romantic painters. ... View of Mount Fuji from Numazu, part of the Fifty-three Stations of the Tōkaidō series by Hiroshige, published 1850 Ukiyo-e ), pictures of the floating world, is a genre of Japanese woodblock prints (or woodcuts) and paintings produced between the 17th and the 20th centuries, featuring motifs of... Honoré Daumier (portrait by Nadar). ... Paul Gavarni was the nom de plume of Sulpice Guillaume Chevalier (1801-1866), a French caricaturist, born in Paris. ... Binomial name Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758 The horse (Equus caballus, sometimes seen as a subspecies of the Wild Horse, Equus ferus caballus) is a large odd-toed ungulate mammal, one of ten modern species of the genus Equus. ... A contemporary dancer rehearsing in a dance studio Dance generally refers to human movement either used as a form of expression or presented in a social, spiritual or performance setting. ...

L'Absinthe, 1876, oil on canvas, by Edgar Degas

By the late 1860s, Degas had shifted from his initial forays into history painting to an original observation of contemporary life. Racecourse scenes provided an opportunity to depict horses and their riders in a modern context. He began to paint women at work, milliners and laundresses. Mlle. Fiocre in the Ballet La Source, exhibited in the Salon of 1868, was his first major work to introduce a subject with which he would become especially identified, dancers.^[25] Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2024x2785, 506 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Edgar Degas ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2024x2785, 506 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Edgar Degas ... LAbsinthe—also known as The Absinthe Drinker or Glass of Absinthe—is a painting by Edgar Degas. ... Year 1876 Pick up Sticks(MDCCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Binomial name Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758 The horse (Equus caballus, sometimes seen as a subspecies of the Wild Horse, Equus ferus caballus) is a large odd-toed ungulate mammal, one of ten modern species of the genus Equus. ... A milliner is a person who designs, makes, or sells womens hats. ... Italian street, with laundry hung to dry Laundry can be: items of clothing and other textiles that require washing the act of washing clothing and textiles the room of a house in which this is done // Man and woman washing linen in a brook, from William Henry Pynes Microcosm... A contemporary dancer rehearsing in a dance studio Dance generally refers to human movement either used as a form of expression or presented in a social, spiritual or performance setting. ...

In many subsequent paintings dancers were shown backstage or in rehearsal, emphasizing their status as professionals doing a job. Degas began to paint café life as well. He urged other artists to paint "real life" instead of traditional mythological or historical paintings, and the few literary scenes he painted were modern and of highly ambiguous content. For example, Interior (which has also been called The Rape) has presented a conundrum to art historians in search of a literary source; internal evidence suggests that it may be based on a scene from Thérèse Raquin.^[26] L’Absinthe - also known as The Absinthe Drinker or Glass of Absinthe, is a painting by Edgar Degas. ... Thérèse Raquin book cover Thérèse Raquin is a novel by Émile Zola, first published in 1867. ...

As his subject matter changed, so, too, did Degas' technique. The dark palette that bore the influence of Dutch painting gave way to the use of vivid colors and bold brushstrokes. Paintings such as Place de la Concorde read as "snapshots," freezing moments of time to portray them accurately, imparting a sense of movement. The changes to his palette, brushwork, and sense of composition all evidence the influence that both the Impressionist movement and modern photography, with its spontaneous images and off-kilter angles, had on his work. ^[27] Place de la Concorde is an 1875 oil by Edgar Degas. ...

Place de la Concorde, 1875, oil on canvas, by Edgar Degas, Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg

Blurring the distinction between portraiture and genre pieces, he painted his bassoonist friend, Désiré Dihau, in The Orchestra of the Opera (1868-69) as one of fourteen musicians in an orchestra pit, viewed as though by a member of the audience. Above the musicians can be seen only the legs and tutus of the dancers onstage, their figures cropped by the edge of the painting. Art historian Charles Stuckey has pointed out that the viewpoint is that of a distracted spectator at a ballet, and that "it is Degas' fascination with the depiction of movement, including the movement of a spectator's eyes as during a random glance, that is properly speaking 'Impressionist'."^[28] Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1496x987, 253 KB) Summary Degas, Edgar Place de la Concorde 1875 Oil on canvas 30 7/8 x 46 1/4 in. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1496x987, 253 KB) Summary Degas, Edgar Place de la Concorde 1875 Oil on canvas 30 7/8 x 46 1/4 in. ... Place de la Concorde is an 1875 oil by Edgar Degas. ... 1875 (MDCCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... The State Hermitage Museum (Russian: ) in Saint Petersburg, Russia is one of the largest museums in the world, with 3 million works of art (not all on display at once), [1] and one of the oldest art galleries and museums of human history and culture in the world. ... Genre works, also called genre scenes or genre views, are pictorial representations in any of various media that represent scenes or events from everyday life, such as markets, domestic settings, interiors, parties, inn scenes, and street scenes. ...

Musicians in the Orchestra, 1872, oil on canvas, by Edgar Degas

Degas' mature style is distinguished by conspicuously unfinished passages, even in otherwise tightly rendered paintings. He frequently blamed his eye troubles for his inability to finish, an explanation that met with some skepticism from colleagues and collectors who reasoned, as Stuckey explains, that "his pictures could hardly have been executed by anyone with inadequate vision."^[29] The artist provided another clue when he described his predilection "to begin a hundred things and not finish one of them,"^[30] and was in any case notoriously reluctant to consider a painting complete. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1000x1345, 101 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Edgar Degas Städel ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1000x1345, 101 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Edgar Degas Städel ...

His interest in portraiture led him to study carefully the ways in which a person's social stature or form of employment may be revealed by their physiognomy, posture, dress, and other attributes. In his 1879 Portraits, At the Stock Exchange, he portrayed a group of Jewish businessmen with a hint of antisemitism; while in his paintings of dancers and laundresses, he reveals their occupations not only by their dress and activities but also by their body type. His ballerinas exhibit an athletic physicality, while his laundresses are heavy and solid.^[31] Physiognomy (Gk. ... Portraits, At the Stock Exchange is a painting by French artist Edgar Degas. ...

At the Races, 1877–1880, oil on canvas, by Edgar Degas, Musée d'Orsay, Paris.

By the later 1870s Degas had mastered not only the traditional medium of oil on canvas, but pastel as well. The dry medium, which he applied in complex layers and textures, enabled him more easily to reconcile his facility for line with a growing interest in expressive color. At the Races, 1877-1880, Edgar Degas, Musée dOrsay, Paris. ... At the Races, 1877-1880, Edgar Degas, Musée dOrsay, Paris. ... 1877 (MDCCCLXXVII) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1880 (MDCCCLXXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Vincent Van Gogh: Starry Night Over the Rhone, painted in September 1888 at Arles Pierre-Auguste Renoir: Bal au moulin de la Galette, Montmartre, 1876 Édouard Manet: The Luncheon on the Grass, 1862-3 Gustave Courbet: The Artists Studio (detail), 1855 Paul Cézanne: Apples and Oranges, circa 1899... View of Delft in oil paint, by Johannes Vermeer. ... Look up Canvas in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

In the mid-1870s he also returned to the medium of etching, which he had neglected for ten years, and began experimenting with less traditional printmaking media—lithographs and experimental monotypes. He was especially fascinated by the effects produced by monotype, and frequently reworked the printed images with pastel.^[32] Christ Preaching, known as The Hundred Guilder print; etching c1648 by Rembrandt Etching is the process of using strong acid to cut into the unprotected parts of a metal surface to create a design in intaglio in the metal (the original process - in modern manufacturing other chemicals may be used... Lithography is a method for printing on a smooth surface, as well as a method of manufacturing semiconductor and MEMS devices. ... Currently Monotype Imaging, Inc, a typesetting and typeface design company responsible for many developments in printing technology — in particular the Monotype machine which was the first fully mechanical typesetter — and the design and production of typefaces in the 19th and 20th centuries. ...

La Toilette (Woman Combing Her Hair), c. 1884–1886, pastel on paper, by Edgar Degas

These changes in media engendered the paintings that Degas would produce in later life. Degas began to draw and paint women drying themselves with towels, combing their hair, and bathing (see: After the Bath). The strokes that model the form are scribbled more freely than before; backgrounds are simplified. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2024x2112, 299 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Edgar Degas User:Markaci/Nudity Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Wikipedians against censorship/Gallery Human back ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2024x2112, 299 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Edgar Degas User:Markaci/Nudity Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Wikipedians against censorship/Gallery Human back ...

The meticulous naturalism of his youth gave way to an increasing abstraction of form. Except for his characteristically brilliant draftsmanship and obsession with the figure, the pictures created in this late period of his life bear little superficial resemblance to his early paintings. Ironically, it is these paintings, created late in his life, and after the heyday of the Impressionist movement, that most obviously use the coloristic techniques of Impressionism. ^[33]

For all the stylistic evolution, certain features of Degas's work remained the same throughout his life. He always painted indoors, preferring to work in his studio, either from memory or using models. ^[34] The figure remained his primary subject; his few landscapes were produced from memory or imagination. It was not unusual for him to repeat a subject many times, varying the composition or treatment. He was a deliberative artist whose works, as Andrew Forge has written, "were prepared, calculated, practiced, developed in stages. They were made up of parts. The adjustment of each part to the whole, their linear arrangement, was the occasion for infinite reflection and experiment."^[35] For the illustrated magazine, see Studio Magazine. ...

Reputation

Little Dancer of Fourteen Years, photo reprint of sculpture by Edgar Degas

Little Dancer of Fourteen Years, a sculpture by Edgar Degas

During his life, public reception of Degas' work ranged from admiration to contempt. As a promising artist in the conventional mode, and in the several years following 1860, Degas had a number of paintings accepted in the Salon. These works received praise from Pierre Puvis de Chavannes and the critic, Castagnary.^[36] Degass Little Dancer of Fourteen Years, c. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (690x1000, 269 KB)This is a compatible 3D stereo image, that may be viewed in 2d. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (690x1000, 269 KB)This is a compatible 3D stereo image, that may be viewed in 2d. ... Degass Little Dancer of Fourteen Years, c. ... Image File history File links 3d_glasses_red_cyan. ... The Poor Fisherman Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Pierre-Cécile Puvis de Chavannes Pierre Puvis de Chavannes, (December 14, 1824 – October 24, 1898) was a French painter. ...

Degas soon joined forces with the Impressionists, however, and rejected the rigid rules, judgements, and elitism of the Salon—just as the Salon and general public initially rejected the experimentalism of the Impressionists.

Degas's work was controversial, but was generally admired for its draftsmanship. The suite of nudes Degas exhibited in the eighth Impressionist Exhibition in 1886 produced "the most concentrated body of critical writing on the artist during his lifetime. ... The overall reaction was positive and laudatory."^[37] His La Petite Danseuse de Quatorze Ans, or Little Dancer of Fourteen Years, was probably his most controversial piece, with some critics decrying what they thought its "appalling ugliness" while others saw in it a "blossoming." ^[38] Degass Little Dancer of Fourteen Years, c. ...

Recognized as an important artist by the end of his life, Degas is now considered "one of the founders of impressionism".^[39] Though his work crossed many stylistic boundaries, his involvement with the other major figures of Impressionism and their exhibitions, his dynamic paintings and sketches of everyday life and activities, and his bold color experiments, served to finally tie him to the Impressionist movement as one of its greatest early artists.

His paintings, pastels, drawings, and sculpture—most of the latter were not intended for exhibition, and were discovered only after his death—are on prominent display in many museums. For other uses , see Painting (disambiguation). ... Pastel is an art medium in the form of a stick, consisting of pure powdered pigment and a binder. ... For scale drawings or plans, see Plans (drawings). ... Sculptor redirects here. ...

Although Degas had no formal pupils, he greatly influenced several important painters, most notably Jean-Louis Forain, Mary Cassatt, and Walter Sickert;^[40] his greatest admirer may have been Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec.^[41] Jean-Louis Forain (October 23, 1852 - July 11, 1931 was a French Impressionist painter, lithographer, watercolorist and etcher. ... Self-portrait (1878) by painter Mary Cassatt Mary Stevenson Cassatt (May 22, 1844 – June 14, 1926) was an American painter and printmaker. ... Walter Sickert Walter Richard Sickert (May 31, 1860 in Munich (Germany) – January 22, 1942) was an English impressionist painter. ... Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (IPA ) (November 24, 1864 – September 9, 1901) was a French painter, printmaker, draftsman, and illustrator, whose immersion in the decadent and theatrical life of fin de siècle Paris yielded an oeuvre of provocative images of modern life. ...

Gallery

Portrait of the Bellelli Family, 1858-1867, Musée d'Orsay, Paris, France Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2024x1639, 346 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): 1860s in fashion ... Vincent Van Gogh: Starry Night Over the Rhone, painted in September 1888 at Arles Pierre-Auguste Renoir: Bal au moulin de la Galette, Montmartre, 1876 Édouard Manet: The Luncheon on the Grass, 1862-3 Gustave Courbet: The Artists Studio (detail), 1855 Paul Cézanne: Apples and Oranges, circa 1899... The Eiffel Tower has become the symbol of Paris throughout the world. ...	The Amateur, 1866, The Metropolitan Museum of Art New York City Metropolitan Museum of Art New York Elevation The Metropolitan Museum of Art, often referred to simply as the Met, is one of the worlds largest and most important art museums. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ...	Horseracing in Longchamps, 1873-1875, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston Paul Gauguin, Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going? (Doù venons-nous? Que faisons-nous? Où allons-nous?) (1897). ...	Portrait of Miss Cassatt, Seated, Holding Cards, 1876-1878 Self-portrait (1878) by painter Mary Cassatt Mary Stevenson Cassatt (May 22, 1844 – June 14, 1926) was an American painter and printmaker. ...
At the Café-Concert: The Song of the Dog, 1875-1877	The Singer with the Glove, 1878, The Fogg, Cambridge, Massachusetts People named Fogg: Phileas Fogg, the original world traveller in Jules Vernes Around the World in Eighty Days Rebecca Fogg, a female character in the science fiction series The Secret Adventures of Jules Verne MieczysÅ‚aw Fogg, a very popular Polish singer of the twentieth century Martyn J. Fogg... Location in Middlesex County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Middlesex Settled 1630 Incorporated 1636 Government  - Type Mayor-City Council  - Mayor Kenneth Reeves (D) Area  - Total 7. ...	Miss Lala at the Circus Fernando, 1879, The National Gallery, London Londons National Gallery, founded in 1824, houses a rich collection of over 2,300 paintings dating from the mid-13th century to 1900 in its home on Trafalgar Square. ...	The Millinery Shop, 1885, The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois The Art Institute of Chicago is a fine art museum located in Chicago, Illinois. ... Flag Seal Nickname: The Windy City Motto: Urbs In Horto (Latin: City in a Garden), I Will Location Location in Chicagoland and northern Illinois Coordinates , Government Country State Counties United States Illinois Cook, DuPage Mayor Richard M. Daley (D) Geographical characteristics Area     City 606. ...
Ballet Rehearsal, 1873, The Fogg, Cambridge, Massachusetts People named Fogg: Phileas Fogg, the original world traveller in Jules Vernes Around the World in Eighty Days Rebecca Fogg, a female character in the science fiction series The Secret Adventures of Jules Verne MieczysÅ‚aw Fogg, a very popular Polish singer of the twentieth century Martyn J. Fogg... Location in Middlesex County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Middlesex Settled 1630 Incorporated 1636 Government  - Type Mayor-City Council  - Mayor Kenneth Reeves (D) Area  - Total 7. ...	Dancer with a Bouquet of Flowers (Star of the Ballet), 1878	Stage Rehearsal, 1878-1879, The Metropolitan Museum of Art New York City Metropolitan Museum of Art New York Elevation The Metropolitan Museum of Art, often referred to simply as the Met, is one of the worlds largest and most important art museums. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ...	Dancers at The Bar, 1888, The Phillips Collection, Washington, DC The Phillips Collection is an art museum located in the Dupont Circle neighborhood of Washington, D.C. founded by Duncan Phillips in 1918 as the Phillips Memorial Gallery. ... Aerial photo (looking NW) of the Washington Monument and the White House in Washington, DC. Washington, D.C., officially the District of Columbia (also known as D.C.; Washington; the Nations Capital; the District; and, historically, the Federal City) is the capital city and administrative district of the United...
Woman in the Bath, 1886, Hill-Stead Museum, Farmington, Connecticut Hill-Stead Museum is a Colonial Revival house and art museum located at 35 Mountain Road, Farmington, Connecticut. ... Coordinates: NECTA Hartford Region Capitol Region Incorporated 1645 Government  - Type Council-manager  - Town manager Kathleen Eagen  - Council chairman Michael Clark Area  - City 74. ...	The Tub, 1886, Musée d'Orsay, Paris, France Vincent Van Gogh: Starry Night Over the Rhone, painted in September 1888 at Arles Pierre-Auguste Renoir: Bal au moulin de la Galette, Montmartre, 1876 Édouard Manet: The Luncheon on the Grass, 1862-3 Gustave Courbet: The Artists Studio (detail), 1855 Paul Cézanne: Apples and Oranges, circa 1899... The Eiffel Tower has become the symbol of Paris throughout the world. ...	After the Bath, 1896-1898	After the Bath, Woman Drying her Nape 1898, Musée d'Orsay, Paris, France Vincent Van Gogh: Starry Night Over the Rhone, painted in September 1888 at Arles Pierre-Auguste Renoir: Bal au moulin de la Galette, Montmartre, 1876 Édouard Manet: The Luncheon on the Grass, 1862-3 Gustave Courbet: The Artists Studio (detail), 1855 Paul Cézanne: Apples and Oranges, circa 1899... The Eiffel Tower has become the symbol of Paris throughout the world. ...

See also

• History of painting
• Western painting

// The history of painting reaches back in time to artifacts from pre-historic humans, and spans all cultures. ... See also Western art, History of painting, History of art, Art history, Painting, Outline of painting history Jan Vermeer, Girl with a Pearl Earring, known as the Mona Lisa of the North 1665-1667 Édouard Manet, The Balcony 1868 The history of Western painting represents a continuous, though disrupted, tradition...

References

Notes

Sources

• Armstrong, Carol (1991). Odd Man Out: Readings of the Work and Reputation of Edgar Degas. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226026957
• Baumann, Felix; Karabelnik, Marianne, et al. (1994). Degas Portraits. London: Merrell Holberton. ISBN 1-85894-014-1
• Benedek, Nelly S. "Chronology of the Artist's Life." Degas. 2004. 21 May 2004.
• Benedek, Nelly S. "Degas's Artistic Style." Degas. 2004. 21 March 2004.
• Bowness, Alan. ed. (1965) "Edgar Degas." The Book of Art Volume 7. New York: Grolier Incorporated :41.
• Brettell, Richard R.; McCullagh, Suzanne Folds (1984). Degas in The Art Institute of Chicago. New York: The Art Institute of Chicago and Harry N. Abrams, Inc. ISBN 0-86559-058-3
• Canaday, John (1969). The Lives of the Painters Volume 3. New York: W.W. Norton and Company Inc.
• Dorra, Henri. Art in Perspective New York: Harcourt Brace Jocanovich, Inc.:208
• Dumas, Ann (1988). Degas's Mlle. Fiocre in Context. Brooklyn: The Brooklyn Museum. ISBN 0-87273-116-2
• "Edgar Degas, 1834-1917." The Book of Art Volume III (1976). New York: Grolier Incorporated:4.
• Gordon, Robert; Forge, Andrew (1988). Degas. New York: Harry N. Abrams. ISBN 0-8109-1142-6
• Guillaud, Jaqueline; Guillaud, Maurice (editors) (1985). Degas: Form and Space. New York: Rizzoli. ISBN 0-8478-5407-8
• Hartt, Frederick (1976). "Degas" Art Volume 2. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall Inc.: 365.
• "Impressionism." Praeger Encyclopedia of Art Volume 3 (1967). New York: Praeger Publishers: 952.
• J. Paul Getty Trust "Walter Richard Sickert." 2003. 11 May 2004.
• Mannering, Douglas (1994). The Life and Works of Degas. Great Britain: Parragon Book Service Limited.
• Muehlig, Linda D. (1979). Degas and the Dance, April 5-May 27, 1979. Northampton, Mass.: Smith College Museum of Art.
• Peugeot, Catherine, Sellier, Marie (2001). A Trip to the Orsay Museum. Paris: ADAGP: 39.
• Reff, Theodore (1976). Degas the artist's mind. [New York]: Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 0870991469
• Roskill, Mark W. (1983). "Edgar Degas." Collier's Encyclopedia.
• Thomson, Richard (1988). Degas: The Nudes. London: Thames and Hudson Ltd.
• Tinterow, Gary (1988). Degas. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art and National Gallery of Canada.
• Turner, J. (2000). From Monet to Cézanne: late 19th-century French artists. Grove Art. New York: St Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-22971-2

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External links

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Edgar Degas

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Edgar Degas

• Edgar Degas at Gallery of Art
• Paintings by Edgar Degas
• Edgar Degas - Life and Art
• Degas at the WebMuseum
• PBS on Degas
• Degas, Sickert & Toulouse Lautrec at Tate
• Edgar Degas at Hill-Stead Museum, Farmington, Connecticut
• Edgar Degas biography, books & exhibition review by cosmopolis.ch
• Edgar Degas Gallery at MuseumSyndicate
• Degas at Musée d'Orsay, Paris, France