NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Edith Cavell

Edith Louisa Cavell (December 4, 1865–October 12, 1915) was a British World War I nurse and humanitarian. She is celebrated for helping hundreds of Allied soldiers escape from German-occupied Belgium. Her subsequent execution received significant sympathetic press coverage worldwide. Image File history File links Edith Cavell - Project Gutenberg eText 14676 - http://www. ... is the 338th day of the year (339th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1865 (MDCCCLXV) is a common year starting on Sunday. ... is the 285th day of the year (286th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday[1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... â€œThe Great War â€ redirects here. ... Map of the World showing the participants in World War I. Those fighting on the Allies side (at one point or another) are depicted in green, the Central Powers in orange, and neutral countries in gray. ...

1 Early life and career
2 World War I and execution
3 Memorials
4 Notes
5 Further reading
6 External links

Early life and career

Edith Cavell was born in 1865 at Swardeston in Norfolk, England, where her father, the Reverend Frederick Cavell, was vicar for 45 years. She trained as a nurse at the Royal London Hospital and in 1907 was appointed matron of the Berkendael Institute, founded by Antoine Depage, in Brussels, Belgium. When World War I broke out, the hospital was taken over by the Red Cross. On 10 October 1907, Antoine Depage founded L'École d'Infirmière Dimplonier, and Edith Cavell became the first director of this new nursing school. Swardeston is a village (population 540) four miles south of Norwich in Norfolk, England, on high ground above the Tas valley. ... Norfolk (IPA: //) is a low-lying county in East Anglia in the east of southern England. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... This article is about the occupation. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... Antoine Depage (Bosvoorde, 1862-Den Haag, 10 August 1925), was a Belgian surgeon; founder and president of the Belgian Red Cross. ... For other places with the same name, see Brussels (disambiguation). ... â€œThe Great War â€ redirects here. ... The Anarchist Black Cross was originally called the Anarchist Red Cross. The band Redd Kross was originally called Red Cross. This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... is the 283rd day of the year (284th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

World War I and execution

Statue in memory of Edith Cavell, opposite the National Portrait Gallery, London

Nurse Cavell helped hundreds of soldiers from the Allied forces to escape from occupied Belgium to the neutral Netherlands, in violation of military law. In 1915, she was arrested and court-martialled by the Germans for this offence. UK and U.S. diplomats disagreed about whether anything could be done to help her case, with Sir Horace Rowland, from the Foreign Office suggesting "I am afraid that it is likely to go hard with Miss Cavell, I am afraid we are powerless." The sentiment was echoed by Lord Robert Cecil, who joined the coalition government in 1915 as an under secretary for foreign affairs after working for the Red Cross. "Any representation by us," he advised, "will do her more harm than good." Download high resolution version (615x1087, 122 KB)this photo was taken by me, User:Adam Carr, and is released by me into the public domain File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Download high resolution version (615x1087, 122 KB)this photo was taken by me, User:Adam Carr, and is released by me into the public domain File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... The National Portrait Gallery is an art gallery in central London which was opened in 1856. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Map of the World showing the participants in World War I. Those fighting on the Allies side (at one point or another) are depicted in green, the Central Powers in orange, and neutral countries in gray. ... Military law is a distinct legal system to which members of armed forces are subject. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) is the United Kingdom government department responsible for promoting the interests of the United Kingdom abroad. ... This article or section should include material from Robert Cecil 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood Edgar Algernon Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood, previously known as Lord Robert Cecil (September 14, 1864 - November 24, 1958) was a lawyer, politician and diplomat whose decades of service to the League... The Anarchist Black Cross was originally called the Anarchist Red Cross. The band Redd Kross was originally called Red Cross. This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

Representing the United States, which had not yet joined the war, Hugh Gibson, First Secretary of the American legation at Brussels, made clear to the German government that executing Cavell would further harm their nation's already damaged reputation. In a statement issued afterward, he noted: Hugh Simons Gibson (August 16, 1883-December 12, 1954) was an American diplomat. ...

"We reminded him (Baron von der Lancken) of the burning of Louvain and the sinking of the Lusitania, and told him that this murder would stir all civilized countries with horror and disgust. Count Harrach broke in at this with the rather irrelevant remark that he would rather see Miss Cavell shot than have harm come to one of the humblest German soldiers, and his only regret was that they had not 'three or four English old women to shoot.'" Geography Country Belgium Community Flemish Community Region Flemish Region Province Flemish Brabant Arrondissement Leuven Coordinates , , Area 56. ... RMS Lusitania was a British luxury ocean liner owned by the Cunard Steamship Line Shipping Company and built by John Brown and Company of Clydebank, Scotland. ...

She made no defense, admitting her actions, and was executed by firing squad at 2am on October 12, becoming a popular martyr and entering British history as a heroine. The execution took place at the Tir National, a State military site (today a memorial, near the State television buildings), where she was buried. Edith Cavell's case became an important article of British propaganda throughout the war.^[1] The German medical officer assisting was the expressionist poet Gottfried Benn (1886–1956), who gave an account of the event. The Third of May by Francisco Goya Execution by firing squad is a method of capital punishment, particularly common in times of war. ... is the 285th day of the year (286th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Propaganda (disambiguation). ... Gottfried Benn (May 2, 1886 â€“ July 7, 1956) was a German essayist, novelist and expressionist poet. ...

The night before her execution she told the Anglican chaplain, Rev. Gahan, who had been allowed to see her and to give her Holy Communion, "Patriotism is not enough, I must have no hatred or bitterness towards anyone." These words are inscribed on her statue in St. Martin's Place, near Trafalgar Square in London. The Eucharist is either the Christian sacrament of consecrated bread and wine or the ritual surrounding it. ... Trafalgar Square viewed from the northeast corner. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ...

Her final words to the German pastor, Le Saur, were recorded as "Ask Mr. Gahan to tell my loved ones later on that my soul, as I believe, is safe, and that I am glad to die for my country."

After the war, Edith Cavell's body was exhumed and returned to the UK. A memorial service at Westminster Abbey led by King George V was followed by travel by special train to Thorpe Station, Norwich. She was reburied on Life's Green, at the east end of Norwich Cathedral. Every year a service is held before the grave. The Collegiate Church of St Peter, Westminster, which is almost always referred to by its original name of Westminster Abbey, is a mainly Gothic church, on the scale of a cathedral (and indeed often mistaken for one), in Westminster, London, just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. ... George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 â€“ 20 January 1936) was the first British monarch belonging to the House of Windsor, which he created from the British branch of the German House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. ... Norwich railway station A DBSO approaching Norwich station Norwich railway station is a railway station serving the city of Norwich in Norfolk. ... Norwich Cathedral: Spire and south transcept. ...

Memorials

A propaganda image of Edith Cavell

Following her death, many memorials were created around the world to remember Cavell. One of the first occurred in 1917 when Queen Alexandra unveiled a monument near her grave in Norwich in front of a home for nurses which also bore her name. This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Princess Alexandra of Denmark (Alexandra Carolina Marie Charlotte Louise Julia; 1 December 1844 â€“ 20 November 1925) was Queen Consort to Edward VII of the United Kingdom and thus Empress of India during her husbands reign. ...

Other memorials include:

A stone memorial, including a statue of Cavell, adjacent to Trafalgar Square in London.
An inscription on a war memorial, naming the 35 people executed by the German Army outside the gaol in which they were killed.
Mount Edith Cavell, a peak in the Canadian Rockies, named in 1916.
Rue Edith Cavell, a street in Brussels, Belgium.
Edith Cavell Boulevard, a road in Port Stanley, Ontario.
Cavell Corona, a geological feature on Venus.
Hospitals in Peterborough and the Brussel's borough of Uccle (Ukkel), a wing of the Toronto Western Hospital, schools in Vancouver, British Columbia (Edith Cavell Elementary School), St. Catharines, Ontario, Moncton, New Brunswick and Bedford, England, a building at the University of Queensland,a street in Hillbrow, Johannesburg, South Africa and a bridge in New Zealand.
The Edith Cavell Trust was established by the New South Wales Nurses' Association which provides scholarships to nurses in NSW.
The Edith Cavell Nursing Scholarship Fund is a philanthropy of the Dallas County Medical Society Alliance Foundation and provides scholarships to exceptional nursing students in Dallas, Texas and the surrounding area.
A street in Port Louis, Mauritius.
A car park in Peterborough.

Edith became a popular French and Belgian girls' name after her execution. The French chanteuse Édith Piaf, born two months after she was executed, was the best known. Trafalgar Square viewed from the northeast corner. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Mount Edith Cavell is located in the Athabasca River and Astoria River valleys of Jasper National Park. ... The Canadian Rockies comprise the Canadian segment of the North American Rocky Mountains range. ... For other uses, see Brussels (disambiguation). ... Port Stanley is a village in the Municipality of Central Elgin, Ontario located on the north shore of Lake Erie at the mouth of Kettle Creek. ... This is a list of named coronae on Venus. ... Adjectives: Venusian or (rarely) Cytherean Atmosphere Surface pressure: 9. ... This article is about the city in the United Kingdom. ... Uccle/Ukkel within the Brussels-Capital Region Uccle (French) or Ukkel (Dutch) is one of the nineteen municipalities located in the Brussels-Capital Region of Belgium. ... The Toronto Western Hospital is part of the University Health Network with Toronto General Hospital on Bathurst Street and Dundas Street West in Toronto, Canada. ... This article refers to the city in British Columbia, Canada. ... Edith Cavell Elementary is a public elementary school in Vancouver, British Columbia part of School District 39 Vancouver. ... Nickname: Motto: Industry and Liberality Location of St. ... Moncton (46Â°6â€² N 64Â°46â€² W) is the second largest city in the Canadian province of New Brunswick and is at the heart of the fastest growing urban area in the province. ... This article is about the English county town. ... The University of Queensland (UQ) is the longest-established university in the state of Queensland, Australia, a member of Australias Group of Eight, and the Sandstone Universities. ... Hillbrow is the inner city residential neighbourhood of Johannesburg, Gauteng Province, South Africa. ... This article is about the city in South Africa. ... The New South Wales Nurses Association (NSWNA) in a trade union which represents nurses in both the public and private sectors of New South Wales, Australia. ... â€œNSWâ€ redirects here. ... The Edith Cavell Nursing Scholarship Fund is a philanthropy of the Dallas County Medical Society Alliance Foundation, named in honor of Edith Cavell. ... â€œDallasâ€ redirects here. ... The arms of Port Louis Port Louis banking district, and the main avenue leading to the Government House (seen in the background) Port Louis (pronounced locally as paw-louee) is the capital of Mauritius. ... This article is about the city in the United Kingdom. ... Ã‰dith Piaf (December 19, 1915â€“October 11, 1963) was one of Frances most beloved singers,[1] and became a national icon. ...

Notes

^ Nurse Edith Cavell, Stephen's Study Room: British Military & Criminal History in the period 1900 to 1999.

A street in South Africa Johannesburg Hillbrow

External links

The external links in this article may not comply with Wikipedia's content policies.
Please improve this article by removing excessive or inappropriate external links.

"The Heroine who humbled me": extract from the British Prime Minister, Gordon Brown's book Courage Eight Portraits
Audio Recording of Court Martial Hearing
EdithCavell.org.uk - Swardeston PCC
History of Edith Cavell
Arthur Zimmerman on Edith Cavell's execution
Guardian report about the release of foreign office memos relating to her arrest and death
About the Brussels hospital (also in English language)
Mémoire à Schaerbeek - about the Brussels memorial (in French)
Find A Grave - about the Brussels memorial
Find A Grave - about the grave in Norwich
Colin S. Cavell website
The Edith Cavell Nursing Scholarship Fund

Results from FactBites:

Edith Cavell - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (375 words)
	Edith Cavell was born at Swardeston in Norfolk, where her father was rector, in 1865; she trained as a nurse.
	Nurse Cavell is alleged to have helped hundreds of soldiers from the allied forces to escape from occupied Belgium to the Netherlands, in violation of military law.
	In 1916, Mount Edith Cavell in the Canadian Rockies was named in her honour.

Miss Edith Cavell, a Red Cross nurse and a WW1 martyr. (1601 words)
	Edith Cavell, now in her early forties, was put in charge of a pioneer training school for lay nurses, 'L'Ecole d'Infirmiere Dimplonier' on the outskirts of Brussels.
	Edith was too thorough and she had even managed to keep her 'underground' activities from her nurses so as not to incriminate them.
	The explanation is that Edith simply trusted her captors, was glad to make a clean breast of it and willingly condemned herself by freely admitting at her trial that she had "successfully conducted allied soldiers to the enemy of the German people".

More results at FactBites »

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Contents

Early life and career GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

World War I and execution

Memorials

Notes

Further reading

External links

Early life and career