NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Editing of anime in American distribution

Editing of anime in American distribution describes the process of altering anime to prepare it to be distributed in the United States and forms part of the process of localization. The process is generally applied only to series intended for broadcast on American television; series released directly to DVD are not subject to such heavy alterations. AnimÃ© redirects here. ... Internationalization redirects here. ... DVD (also known as Digital Versatile Disc or Digital Video Disc - see Etymology) is a popular optical disc storage media format. ...

On top of the translation of dialog into English, this process commonly includes the censorship of audio/visual content to adhere to Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and television network regulations and standards and the editing of content not covered by FCC guideline in order to conform to American cultural norms, to prepare it for distribution to a younger audience than was originally intended, and in a few cases, to distribute it as a program that meets the FCC's E/I guidelines. The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... FCC redirects here. ... A television network is a distribution network for television content whereby a central operation provides programming for many television stations. ... This article is about the high culture and popular culture of the United States. ... It has been suggested that Convention (norm) be merged into this article or section. ... Example of an E/I bug; this one used for PBS programs. ...

This type of editing may involve removing nudity or sexual innuendo, removing violent scenes and softening/removing profanity (standards for these in Japan are generally less conservative than in the USA, and audiences are often older) or the making of changes for reasons of political correctness in relation to race and religion. Nude redirects here. ... Innuendo can refer to: For Innuendo as a figure of speech please see Double entendre. ... In cartoons, profanity is often depicted by substituting symbols for words, as a form of non-specific censorship. ... Political correctness is the alteration of language to redress real or alleged injustices and discrimination or to avoid offense. ...

The process may also include editing a product to remove reference to issues that are accepted by the Japanese public and U.S. media law, but which might provoke controversy among parents or conservative groups in the U.S., or which might confuse viewers who are unfamiliar with Japanese culture. Edits of this type commonly include the substitution of place names, food, and cultural elements not found in the U.S. This may also include the changing/removal of titles, character names, and honorifics and the removing of issues such as marriages between cousins, non-pornographic depictions of homosexuality and references to Japan's view of events such as WWII. Opening and closing credits or scenes may be shortened to allow more time for advertisements in a television time slot. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Anthroponym. ... An honorific is a word or expression that conveys esteem or respect and is used in addressing or referring to a person. ... Matrimony redirects here. ... Homosexuality refers to sexual interaction and / or romantic attraction between individuals of the same sex. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Opening credits, in a television program, motion picture or videogame, are shown at the beginning of a show and list the most important members of the production. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... // Advert redirects here. ...

This type of censorship is not unique to anime, and is also practiced against imports from other countries and even original U.S. productions; Spider-Man: The Animated Series was heavily censored for violence by Fox^[1] during the production process, and the Canadian series ReBoot was censored post production by American Broadcasting Company for sexual content and scenes that executives believed would promote incest.^[2] This article is about Spider-Man: The Animated Series. ... This article is about the television program ReBoot. ... The American Broadcasting Company (ABC) is an American television network. ...

This type of censorship remains highly controversial among fans, many of whom feel that censorship tampers with art and interferes with the creators' artistic visions or belittles the audience by attempting to hide more adult themes from them.

History

The first few anime series and films to be brought to the United States were all bowdlerized for American audiences, with violence, deaths of major characters, sexual references, etc., completely edited out, since the audience of the anime was assumed to be made up of young children (over time, anime has moved its target audience from young children to young adults and teenagers). These titles included the earliest anime films to be brought to the U.S., in 1961 (and the first three feature films ever released by Toei Animation):^[3] Thomas Bowdler (July 11, 1754 – February 24, 1825), an English physician, has become (in)famous as the editor of a childrens edition of William Shakespeare, the Family Shakespeare, in which he endeavoured to remove every thing that could give just offence to the religious and virtuous mind. ... For other uses see film (disambiguation) Film refers to the celluliod media on which movies are printed Film — also called movies, the cinema, the silver screen, moving pictures, photoplays, picture shows, flicks, or motion pictures, — is a field that encompasses motion pictures as an art form or as part of... Toei Animation Company, Limited ) (JASDAQ: 4816) is a Japanese animation studio owned by the Toei Company. ...

The first anime series to be translated were not exempt: The Tale of the White Serpent (Japanese: ç™½è›‡ä¼) was the first colored Japanese anime aired in 1958. ... is the 226th day of the year (227th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Sasuke Sarutobi (çŒ¿é£›ä½åŠ© Sarutobi Sasuke) was a famous ninja featured in many Japanese childrens stories from 1911 to 1925. ... Alakazam the Great is an anime film that is based on Journey to the West. ... The four heroes of the story, left to right: SÅ«n WÃ¹kÅng, XuÃ¡nzÃ ng, ZhÅ« BÄjiÃ¨, and ShÄ WÃ¹jÃ¬ng. ... is the 226th day of the year (227th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Star Blazers (宇宙戦艦ヤマト Uchū Senkan Yamato^?, Space Battleship Yamato) (1979) and Robotech (which was adapted from three separate series) (1985) broke this tradition by leaving in some of those elements and preserving the drama of the original. However, they still had heavily modified plots. Kimba the White Lion , lit. ... Astro Boy is the American title for the Japanese animated series Tetsuwan Atom , which roughly translates to Mighty Atom and literally to Iron-arm Atom) first broadcast on Japanese television from 1963 to 1966. ... This article is about the 1960s animated series. ... This article is about the 1960s animated series. ... Starblazers redirects here. ...

Founded in 1987, Streamline Pictures was the first North American company founded primarily for the intention of distributing translated anime uncut and faithful to the original content. Streamline Pictures founder Carl Macek had worked for Harmony Gold USA during the mid-1980s, most notably on Robotech. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... North American redirects here. ... Carl Macek is an American writer and anime producer of the 1980s and 1990s. ...

In the early 1990s, several American anime companies began to experiment with licensing less children-oriented material. Some, such as A.D. Vision and Central Park Media, and its imprints, achieved fairly substantial commercial success and went on to become major players in the now very lucrative American anime market (although, as of late, companies such as A.D. Vision and Central Park Media have come under financial stress). Others, such as AnimEigo, achieved more limited success. Many companies created directly by Japanese parent companies did not do as well, most releasing only one or two titles before folding their American operations. For the band, see 1990s (band). ... A.D. Vision (commonly referred to as ADV) is a Houston, Texas based international multimedia entertainment company, active in home video production and distribution, broadcast television, theatrical film distribution, merchandising, original productions, magazine and comic book publishing and is the largest anime company in North America. ... Central Park Media is a distributor of East Asian cinema, television, and comics. ... AnimEigo is an American licensor and distributor, within the United States and Canada, of Japanese anime such as Urusei Yatsura, Oh My Goddess!, Vampire Princess Miyu, Gainaxs classic industry sendup Otaku no Video, the Bubblegum Crisis OVA series, and Kimagure Orange Road. ...

The localization and editing processes were far more heavy in the past, when anime was largely unheard of in the United States. A notorious example of this was when Hayao Miyazaki's Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind was first released outside of Japan in the mid 1980's. Repackaged as Warriors of the Wind, this release cut more than half an hour of the original version and attempted to market the film as a kids action movie, rather than the heavier environmentalist drama Miyazaki intended it to be. In 2005, Nausicaa was finally released uncut on DVD in the west, featuring a brand new dubbed soundtrack by Disney that was faithful to the original and the original Japanese audio with English subtitles. Hayao Miyazaki ) (born January 5, 1941 in Tokyo, Japan) is the prominent director of many popular animated feature films. ... NausicaÃ¤ of the Valley of the Wind ) is a 1984 film by Japanese writer, illustrator, and filmmaker Hayao Miyazaki, based on his manga of the same name. ... Nausicaä flying her Mehve over the Valley of Wind Nausicaä of the Valley of Wind (風の谷のナウシカ Kaze no tani no Naushika) is a graphic novel (manga) and 1984 film by Japanese writer, illustrator, and filmmaker Hayao Miyazaki. ...

However, in recent years, these localization processes have been used less because of the demand for anime in its original form. This "light touch" approach to localization and editing has proved popular with fans, as well as viewers formally unfamiliar with anime. The "light touch" approach also applies to DVD releases, as they often include both the English-dubbed audio version and the original Japanese audio version with subtitles, are often uncut, and lack commercials. Anime series with edited television versions may have uncut DVDs. DVD (also known as Digital Versatile Disc or Digital Video Disc - see Etymology) is a popular optical disc storage media format. ... For other uses, see Subtitle. ...

In recent years, a change in audience demographics has led to a greater emphasis being placed on releasing (or re-releasing) anime with fewer changes, especially on DVD, where there are fewer content limitations. Often, these releases (such as the Disney releases of Studio Ghibli productions) include both English-dubbed versions and the original Japanese versions, usually with subtitles. Disney redirects here. ... Studio Ghibli, Inc. ...

Examples

Direct censorship

Political correctness

Due to cultural differences between America and Japan, some anime contains images that are publicly acceptable in Japanese society, but which are considered politically incorrect in the U.S., or which carry connotations of racism or ethnic stereotyping in the U.S. that do not exist in Japanese culture. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Serialized in Nakayoshi Original run 2000 â€“ Volumes 7 (original) + 2 (A la Mode) TV anime Director Noriyuki Abe Studio Studio Pierrot Network TV Aichi, TV Tokyo Original run April 6, 2002 â€“ March 29, 2003 Episodes 52 Game: Tokyo Mew Mew â€“ Setting panels[1] Developer Winkysoft Publisher Takara Genre Puzzle game... Mew Mew Power (original Japanese title: Tokyo Mew Mew), based on the Tokyo Mew Mew manga and produced by Studio Pierrot, is an anime which was first screened in Japan in 2002, on the TV Aichi local channel. ... A reliquary in the form of an ornate Christian Cross Topics in Christianity Movements Â· Denominations Â· Other religions Ecumenism Â· Preaching Â· Prayer Music Â· Liturgy Â· Calendar Symbols Â· Art Â· Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul Â· Church Fathers Constantine Â· Athanasius Â· Augustine Anselm Â· Aquinas Â· Palamas Â· Luther Calvin Â· Wesley Arius Â· Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury Â· Catholic Pope... Political correctness is the alteration of language to redress real or alleged injustices and discrimination or to avoid offense. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... An ethnic stereotype is a generalized representation of an ethnic group, composed of what are thought to be typical characteristics of members of the group. ...

Characters believed to be stereotypical of black people are toned down as to not appear possibly offensive. This, however, is a rare occurence in anime today. This reproduction of a 1900 minstrel show poster, originally published by the Strobridge Litho Co. ...

Religious symbols are commonly airbrushed out if they appear in contexts that are not acceptable in the U.S. Religious terminology is often removed from dialogue for the same reason. Sometimes a character appearing to be crucified by being bound to two wooden beams in the shape of a cross is enough to be considered unacceptable[1]. Religious terminology are the specialized terms used within the context of a particular religion as largely self-contained language system. ... For other uses, see Crucifixion (disambiguation). ...

For example, representations of the Christian cross were airbrushed out of Pokémon and One Piece, while references to Hell were replaced with "HFIL (Home For Infinite Losers)" in Dragon Ball Z and Dragon Ball GT. Alleged demonic imagery is also commonly removed or toned down, as are uses of pentagrams, because of their religious meanings and their apparent association with Satanism and Paganism. A reliquary in the form of an ornate Christian Cross Topics in Christianity Movements Â· Denominations Â· Other religions Ecumenism Â· Preaching Â· Prayer Music Â· Liturgy Â· Calendar Symbols Â· Art Â· Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul Â· Church Fathers Constantine Â· Athanasius Â· Augustine Anselm Â· Aquinas Â· Palamas Â· Luther Calvin Â· Wesley Arius Â· Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury Â· Catholic Pope... This article is about the theological or philosophical afterlife. ... DBZ redirects here. ... Original run February 7, 1996 â€“ November 19, 1997 Episodes 64 Sagas Black Star Dragon Ball Saga Baby Saga Super 17 Saga Shadow Dragon Saga TV Special A Heros Legacy Dragon Ball GT ) is a Japanese anime-only sub-series of the Dragon Ball franchise created by Akira Toriyama. ... The demon Satan In folklore, mythology, and religion, a demon is a supernatural being that is generally described as an evil spirit, but is also depicted to be good in some instances. ... A pentagram A pentagram (sometimes known as a pentalpha or pentangle or, more formally, as a star pentagon) is the shape of a five-pointed star drawn with five straight strokes. ... Peter H. Gilmore, High Priest of the Church of Satan. ... Pagan and heathen redirect here. ...

Other examples include an ancient Sanskrit religious symbol known as the manji, (representing "life, sun, power, strength, and good luck", and sometimes referred to as the “footsteps of the Buddha”), which was airbrushed out of series like Shaman King and Yu Yu Hakusho. because it is commonly associated with the swastika of Nazism. In some cases however, disclaimers have been included explaining the situation to readers, such as the manga Blade of the Immortal, in which the protagonist of the series wears this symbol. Sanskrit ( , for short ) is a classical language of India, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Jainism, and one of the 23 official languages of India. ... Religious symbolism is the term used to describe the use of symbols (archetypes, acts, artwork, events, or natural phenomenae) by a religion for various purposes. ... Standing Buddha, ancient region of Gandhara, northern Pakistan, 1st century CE. Gautama Buddha was a South Asian spiritual leader who lived between approximately 563 BCE and 483 BCE. Born Siddhartha Gautama in Sanskrit, a name meaning descendant of Gotama whose aims are achieved/who is efficacious in achieving aims, he... Serialized in Weekly Shonen Jump Shonen Jump Banzai! Original run 1998 â€“ 2004 Volumes 32 TV anime Director Seiji Mizushima Studio XEBEC Network TV Tokyo Original run July 4, 2001 â€“ September 25, 2002 Episodes 64 Specials The Documents of the Shaman Fight (Yujo no Katachi) The Form that Friendship Takes (Ai... This article is about the symbol. ... Nazism in history Nazi ideology Nazism and race Outside Germany Related subjects Lists Politics Portal Nazism or National Socialism (German: Nationalsozialismus), refers primarily to the ideology and practices of the Nazi Party (National Socialist German Workers Party, German: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP) under Adolf Hitler. ... This article is about the comics created in Japan. ... Blade of the Immortal (Japanese: ç„¡é™ã®ä½äºº or Mugen-no-JÅ«nin, abbreviated as BOTI, lit. ...

The word "Bible" has also been removed from the covers of Bibles; names of certain monsters with religious origins are also commonly changed. For other uses, see Bible (disambiguation). ...

In Mobile Suit Gundam, a dialogue between Degwin Zabi and his son Gihren Zabi has Degwin comparing Gihren to Adolf Hitler. In the Toonami broadcast, Hitler's name is replaced with references to fascism. Mobile Suit Gundam ) is a televised anime series, created by Sunrise. ... Gihren Zabi (also spelled Giren) is a fictional character, and villain from the universe of the Gundam anime series. ... Hitler redirects here. ... For the former television channel in the United Kingdom of the same name, see Toonami (UK). ... Fascism is a term used to describe authoritarian nationalist political ideologies or mass movements that are concerned with notions of cultural decline or decadence and seek to achieve a millenarian national rebirth by placing the interests of the individual as subordinate to that of the nation or race and promoting...

In the series Mobile Fighter G Gundam, a major plotline involves an annual competition in which each country builds a Gundam to battle those of other nations, with the winning country gaining rulership over the world until the next competition. In order to show their origins, many of the Gundam designs are based on ethnic/cultural stereotypes (America's Gundam resembles a football player, Mexico's Gundam bears a giant turbine in the shape of a sombrero on its head, etc). For the official English language release of the show, Bandai/Sunrise ordered several of the Gundams to be renamed for the English language market with names that downplayed the stereotypes. Bandai employees have also implied that at one point the decision was almost made to completely remove the idea from the English dub that each Gundam specifically represented a country. However, this did not come to pass. Mobile Fighter G Gundam ), or G Gundam, is an anime series set in the Future Century timeline of the Gundam metaseries. ... Sombrero Sombrero means hat in Spanish. ...

Recreational drugs, alcoholic beverages, and tobacco products

Due to FCC regulations and U.S. social factors, alcohol and tobacco products are commonly airbrushed out of anime in the United States, or are replaced with more acceptable soft variations. However, the exact level of censorship varies between television networks, often depending on the target audience of the anime and the context in which the products appear. Wine or champagne may be acceptable in banquet or restaurant scenes and might escape censorship, while beer or saké consumed on the street might not. For example, in Tenchi Muyo!, references to sake were substituted for tea, and cigarettes were airbrushed out when it screened on Cartoon Network's Toonami, but were left in when the series broadcast on KTEH. Naruto, however, was edited for a slightly more mature audience such as the bridge builder was shown drinking alcohol, though kanji on the bottle and the redness in his cheeks were removed to lessen the effect of the scene. Rock Lee's consumption of alcohol and his Drunken Fist style was changed in both the English-version edited anime and manga^[7] to avoid referencing an underage character consuming alcohol such as using the term elixir for the anime. The Third Hokage was also shown smoking a pipe, while Asuma is shown smoking a cigarette. In the Cartoon Network airing of Ruroni Kenshin, Saito, a character who is commonly seen smoking cigarettes, instead is depicted with a toothpick in his mouth - sometimes resulting in some inconsistency when in some scenes he takes a drag of what appears to be a toothpick and somehow exhales smoke. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... DBZ redirects here. ... For the food preparation, see Smoking (cooking). ... The abbreviation FCC can refer to: Face-centered cubic (usually fcc), a crystallographic structure Federal Communications Commission, a US government organization Farm Credit Corporation/Farm Credit Canada, a Canadian government organization Families with Children from China, an adoption support organization Florida Christian College, a college in central Florida Fresno City... Alcoholic beverages An alcoholic beverage is a drink containing ethanol, commonly known as alcohol, although in chemistry the definition of alcohol includes many other compounds. ... Shredded tobacco leaf for pipe smoking Tobacco can also be pressed into plugs and sliced into flakes Tobacco is an agricultural product processed from the fresh leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. ... These anime series have been shown and have achieved varying levels of popularity in the United States and Canada: // Astro Boy (Tetsuwan Atom (Mighty Atom [literally Iron-Arm Atom]) in Japan) Gigantor (Tetsujin 28-go [Iron Man #28] in Japan) Kimba the White Lion (Janguru Taitei [Jungle Emperor] in Japan... A television network is a distribution network for television content whereby a central operation provides programming for many television stations. ... Original run 2 April 1995 â€“ 24 December 1995 No. ... For Cartoon Network outside of the United States, see Cartoon Network around the world. ... For the former television channel in the United Kingdom of the same name, see Toonami (UK). ... KTEH is a public television station in San Jose, California, serving the San Francisco Bay Area as a PBS member station on channel 54. ... Serialized in Weekly Shonen Jump Shonen Jump BANZAI! Shonen Jump Weekly Comic Original run November 1999 â€“ Ongoing No. ... Japanese writing Kanji Kana Hiragana Katakana Hentaigana ManyÅgana Uses Furigana Okurigana RÅmaji ) are the Chinese characters that are used in the modern Japanese logographic writing system along with hiragana (å¹³ä»®å), katakana (ç‰‡ä»®å), and the Arabic numerals. ... The major characters of the series during Part I Team Guy, Team 10, and Team 8 as they appear in Part II This is a list of characters of the Naruto anime and manga series created by Masashi Kishimoto. ... The Third Hokage ) is a fictional character in the anime and manga series Naruto. ... Asuma Sarutobi ) is a fictional character in the anime and manga series Naruto created by Masashi Kishimoto. ... Rurouni Kenshin manga, volume 1 (English version) Rurouni Kenshin (るろうに剣心) is a set of anime and manga series created by artist Nobuhiro Watsuki, set during the early years of the Meiji Era in Japan. ...

In the Toonami versions of Mobile Suit Gundam and Mobile Suit Gundam 0080, bottles had the word "SODA" applied to them to show that they were not alcohol, and direct references to alcoholic drinks were substituted for references to drinks such as coffee. A similar approach was also used in G Gundam which caused there to be a very awkward scene in which a character walks into a "Milk Bar" that has various glass bottles on the shelves which the bartender refers to as "Milk" despite the fact that they didn't even edit the liquid that is poured into the glass to white. In the anime One Piece, Dr. Kureha was drinking a bottle of alcohol, but the dialog was changed to state that it was "bug juice". Another character from One Piece named Sanji is commonly seen smoking a cigarette, though in the English dub, the cigarette is replaced with a lollipop.^[8] However, the Funimation Dub has recently changed this to have Sanji not having anything in his mouth, instead gritting his teeth.^[9] Mobile Suit Gundam ) is a televised anime series, created by Sunrise. ... A scene from the series. ... Mobile Fighter G Gundam ), or G Gundam, is an anime series set in the Future Century timeline of the Gundam metaseries. ... One piece redirects here. ... Sanji ) is a fictional character in the anime and manga One Piece. ...

Violence, death, and weapons

The media effects theory holds that people who are exposed to violence through media, especially during childhood, will be desensitized to violence and violent acts. Because of this, anime that is released for children in the U.S. is often modified to remove violence, death, and weapons, particularly if the series is aimed towards children. This can be problematic, as anime produced in this age range often involve martial arts, war, and deadly combat. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Media influence. ... In psychology, desensitization (or graduated exposure therapy) is a process for mitigating the harmful effects of phobias or other disorders. ...

Commonly, the censorship of violence is done by removing the exact moment when a physical attack, such as a punch or kick, connects with a person. In some cases this is achieved by airbrushing the scene to include a caption or object (such as an explosion or movement lines) over the point of impact, or by flashing the screen so that the impact is never seen. In other cases, the frames containing the connecting blow are removed and the frames immediately before and after it are extended to procure a slow motion or comic book frame effect.

Under the same principle, weapons are also commonly airbrushed to take a less threatening form,^[10] and blood is either airbrushed out or covered with bandages. Where this is considered impractical or too time consuming, an entire scene might be deleted, leading to fights appearing highly contracted, or series missing details that are referenced later on. For example, the Pokémon episode "The Legend of Dratini" was entirely deleted because of the prolific use of guns being pointed and shot at characters. This caused much confusion as the missing episode explained how Ash Ketchum captured 30 Tauros.^[11] Serialized in Weekly Shonen Jump Shonen Jump BANZAI! Shonen Jump Weekly Comic Original run November 1999 â€“ Ongoing No. ... There are over 500 episodes of the PokÃ©mon anime. ... A plot hole is a gap in a storyline that goes against the flow of logic set-up by the plot or that undermines the basic premises of the story. ... Ash Ketchum, known as Satoshi ) in Japan, is a fictional character and the main protagonist from the PokÃ©mon anime. ... Tauros , Kentauros) are one of the 386 fictional species of PokÃ©mon creatures from the multi-billion-dollar[1] PokÃ©mon media franchiseâ€”a collection of video games, anime, manga, books, trading cards, and other media created by Satoshi Tajiri. ...

In some censored shows death is also either never mentioned, or referenced in some other way; words such as "kill" were substituted for "destroy" in the Gundam series, as well as some earlier episodes of Naruto. In early seasons of Dragon Ball Z, they had voice actors do nothing but breathe heavily so that a pile of dead civilians seemed like a pile of civilians that had been simply beaten up, but this became less used because later seasons of Dragon Ball Z, characters are clearly saying "kill" and "die" and actually shows characters dying. In Saber Rider, the death of enemy foot soldiers was removed by having them teleport to their own dimension rather than die. In Battle of the Planets, voice-overs were added telling the audience that cities were evacuated prior to their destruction, and the dialog was altered to implicitly describe all combatants as being robot soldiers. Serialized in Weekly Shonen Jump Shonen Jump BANZAI! Shonen Jump Weekly Comic Original run November 1999 â€“ Ongoing No. ... DBZ redirects here. ... Saber Rider and the Star Sheriffs was a 1980s animated space western following a similar theme of Galaxy Rangers and Bravestarr. ... Battle of the Planets (1978) is the first Westernized adaptation of the 1972 Japanese animated television series known as Kagaku ninja tai Gatchaman. ...

As the teen, young adult, and DVD market become more important, a greater number of anime are now adapted without significant cuts to the violence and some networks devoted to animation, such as Cartoon Network, are now increasingly setting aside time slots in the evening and at night for uncut or lightly cut anime. For Cartoon Network outside of the United States, see Cartoon Network around the world. ...

Swearing and profanity

While anime intended for a young audience or for television broadcasting in the U.S. does not include profanities, and broadcast anime is routinely censored if it does contain them, this form of censorship is among the least common.

As in the U.S., Japanese series targeted at school age children rarely use overtly strong language. However, translators producing English-language fansubs are often known to use stronger interpretations for certain words, commonly resulting in the incorrect impression that the original version of the anime contains notably stronger language than its English counterpart. Most prominently, the commonly-used word "kuso" (糞^?) is an expression of discontent with a situation; it is regularly translated by fansubbers as "shit" or "damn". For a series targeted at school-age children, this is not an appropriate English equivalent, as "shit" is considered a taboo word, while "kuso" is not. School Rumble with karaoke subtitlesâ€”typical for the original Japanese episodes and fansubs, but less common in licensed American releases. ... This article is about cultural prohibitions in general, for other uses, see Taboo (disambiguation). ...

Also, some anime shown in Japan have English profanity, as is the case with Beck: Mongolian Chop Squad. This led to the anime being rated TV-MA on the Funimation DVDs.

Nudity and sexuality

Although Japan has laws governing "indecency", they are much more relaxed than U.S. laws and the display of full-frontal breasts (Ranma 1/2) or child nudity that is undetailed (Crayon Shin Chan) are both permitted and common in anime, as is non-sexual nudity that is included in context (for example, mild nudity during bathing). However, nudity of any kind is far more stigmatized in the U.S., and is not permitted on broadcast television prior to the watershed even if shown in context, and so must be removed from broadcast anime. Image File history File links Ep004-d2. ... Image File history File links Ep004-d2. ... For the title character, see Sailor Moon (character) and for the first story arc, see Dark Kingdom arc. ... A dictionary definition of Indecent not conforming with accepted standards of behaviour or morality. ... okay that is all ... Ranma ½ Graphic Novel, Volume 1 English version, Second Edition Ranma ½ (らんま½, Japanese pronunciation: Ranma Nibun no Ichi) is a comedy anime and manga by Rumiko Takahashi (高橋留美子) about a boy named Ranma Saotome (早乙女乱馬) who was trained from early childhood to age 16 in the martial... Watershed is a term used in the United Kingdom (as well as Canada) to describe a time in television schedules beyond which it is permissible to show television programmes which have adult content. It is known in the US as Safe Harbor. Adult content can be generally defined as having...

In some series like Dragon Ball Z, nudity is concealed by painting in foreground objects to hide exposed parts of characters' bodies. In Naruto, nudity is concealed by towels or by or enlarging wisps of clouds. In others, such as Tenchi Muyo!, bathing suits have been airbrushed on to hide nudity and additional clothing has been digitally painted on to help make clothing less revealing. In the 4Kids version of One Piece, cleavage was often removed on characters whose clothing were considered too revealing. But in some cases nudity is not concealed after watershed hours. For example, in Crayon Shin Chan airings on Adult Swim, Shin is sometimes nude from the waist down, played for comedy. His penis is shown but it is relatively undetailed. DBZ redirects here. ... Serialized in Weekly Shonen Jump Shonen Jump BANZAI! Shonen Jump Weekly Comic Original run November 1999 â€“ Ongoing No. ... Original run 2 April 1995 â€“ 24 December 1995 No. ... One piece redirects here. ... Crayon Shin-chan (ã‚¯ãƒ¬ãƒ¨ãƒ³ã—ã‚“ã¡ã‚ƒã‚“ Kureyon Shinchan) is a manga and anime series written by Yoshito Usui. ... Adult Swim is the name for an adult-oriented television programming network. ... The penis (plural penises, penes) is an external male sexual organ. ...

Mention of sex is also commonly toned down to just "hugs and kisses". Scenes of male characters that have perverted natures may be toned down too. One example of this is with the Dragon Ball character Master Roshi; many of his lines were changed to remove or tone down adult references. (e.g. "...if I can see your panties" changed to "...if I can see your bellybutton") Dragon Ball is the first part of the anime adaptation of the Dragon Ball manga written by Akira Toriyama and published in Japan in the Weekly Shonen Jump manga anthology comic. ... Muten Roshi ) (in English, Old Master Martial Sky) is a fictional character and supercentenarian in the Dragon Ball metaseries by Akira Toriyama. ...

Due to U.S. media owners sensibilities, suggested nudity is also commonly censored, often by airbrushing. For example in the U.S. release of Sailor Moon, all of the female leads (except for Moon and Chibi Moon) were airbrushed to remove the lines tracing their breasts during transformation scenes, even though the characters were shown in silhouette form only. The Sailor Moon anime and manga metaseries has been adapted into many different languages, including English. ... Chibiusa or Rini in the English versions), is one of the central characters in the Sailor Moon metaseries. ...

A nosebleed in Japan indicates sexual arousal and is a visual euphemism for an erection. However, it is often edited out of anime because American audiences would simply not understand the implication. A nosebleed or nosebleedage, medically known as epistaxis, is the relatively common occurrence of hemorrhage (bleeding) from the nose, usually noticed when it drains out through the nostrils. ... Turn on redirects here. ... A euphemism is the substitution of an agreeable or less offensive expression in place of one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant to the listener;[1] or in the case of doublespeak, to make it less troublesome for the speaker. ... This article is about human physiological erection. ...

Homosexuality

In Japan, views on sexuality and a tradition of celebrating relationships between males with a strong element of homoerotic undertones have resulted in a lower incidence of overt discrimination and prejudice against homosexuals than in the United States.^[12]^[13] This level of social acceptance means that anime, including many series aimed at children, often includes male and/or female homosexuals as recurring characters. However, there is considerable social stigma attached to homosexuality in the U.S., particularly where children's entertainment is concerned, and there is a strong association between homosexuality and sexual acts. Due to this, anime containing homosexual characters is often heavily censored through plot changes, dialog editing, and the deletion of scenes. Where such edits are not possible or practical, the entire anime may be considered unsuitable for broadcast television and never imported. Social stigma is severe social disapproval of personal characteristics or beliefs that are against cultural norms. ...

Examples include the American version of Sailor Moon in which lesbian characters Sailor Neptune and Sailor Uranus, were changed to "cousins" to cover up the fact that they were a romantic couple,^[14] and some scenes that could not be explained away by their new relationship were cut. The character Zoicite was also changed to a woman in order to conceal his relationship with the character Malachite. The character Fisheye was also changed to a woman because he would impersonate women to seduce men to obtain the type of energy he and the other villains of that particular story-arc needed. The Sailor Moon anime and manga metaseries has been adapted into many different languages, including English. ... This article is about same-sex desire and sexuality among women. ... Michiru Kaioh , or Michelle in the English anime) is one of the central characters in the Sailor Moon metaseries. ... Haruka Tenoh Haruka Tenoh (天王はるか Tenō Haruka) is a Sailor Senshi, one of the central characters of the anime and manga Sailor Moon. ... The Shitennou , Four Heavenly Kings) are a group of villains from the Sailor Moon metaseries. ... The Amazon Trio--Hawks Eye, Tigers Eye, and Fisheye. ...

Censorship usually occurs even in cases when homosexual characters do not make sexual contact with one another on screen. Toya and Yukito's relationship was completely removed from Cardcaptor Sakura despite them never being openly referred to as homosexual, and despite them never having any sexually intimate moments (they were never even pictured holding hands). Serialized in Nakayoshi Original run 1996 â€“ 2000 Volumes 12 TV anime Director Morio Asaka Studio Madhouse Licensor Bandai Visual Geneon Nelvana Network NHK, Animax Original run April 7, 1998 â€“ March 21, 2000 Episodes 70 Movie: Cardcaptor Sakura the Movie Director Morio Asaka Composer Takayuki Negishi Studio Madhouse Licensor Bandai Visual...

In some instances, censorship on the grounds of homosexuality has taken place even when no homosexual relationship exists. For example, Syaoran Li's attraction to the power of the moon contained within Yukito Tsukishiro in Cardcaptor Sakura, was deleted on the grounds that it could be construed as homosexuality. Serialized in Nakayoshi Original run 1996 â€“ 2000 Volumes 12 TV anime Director Morio Asaka Studio Madhouse Licensor Bandai Visual Geneon Nelvana Network NHK, Animax Original run April 7, 1998 â€“ March 21, 2000 Episodes 70 Movie: Cardcaptor Sakura the Movie Director Morio Asaka Composer Takayuki Negishi Studio Madhouse Licensor Bandai Visual...

Similar censorship is applied to conceal transgenderism or transvestitism. For example, in Battle of the Planets a key villain with a male and female alter ego was divided into two separate characters, while in Sailor Moon, the character Sailor Uranus, who frequently dressed and acted as a male, was toned down by dialog edits and scene changes. Another example of this was found in the first season of Pokémon. An entire episode (Holiday in Aopulco) was cut from the series' original syndicated US release as it centered around a bikini contest in which one of the contestants was Team Rocket's James wearing a bikini with inflatable breasts. A heavily censored version with the bikini scene cut did air several years later after Pokemon moved to Kids WB as the "lost episode" Beauty and the Beach. This same censorship has also been practiced with hermaphrodite characters. In the Japanese version of Yu-Gi-Oh! GX, the villain Yubel was shown to be male on the left and female on the right, complete with two separate voices. In the dub she has been slightly edited to appear entirely female, and is portrayed only with only a single female voice. Transgenderism is a social movement seeking transgender rights and affirming transgender pride. ... This article deals with the history of the word transvestite. For information about cross-dressing, see there. ... Battle of the Planets (1978) is the first Westernized adaptation of the 1972 Japanese animated television series known as Kagaku ninja tai Gatchaman. ... Haruka Tenoh Haruka Tenoh (天王はるか Tenō Haruka) is a Sailor Senshi, one of the central characters of the anime and manga Sailor Moon. ... PokÃ©mon (abbreviated from Pocket Monsters ) in Japan) is a Japanese anime series, which has since been adapted for the North American and Eurpoean television market. ... There are over 500 episodes of the PokÃ©mon anime. ... Team Rocket ) is a fictional syndicate in the metaseries PokÃ©mon. ... Kids WB is the Saturday morning cartoon portion of the WB Television Networks programming. ... For other uses, see Hermaphrodite (disambiguation). ... This article is about the Yu-Gi-Oh! GX anime. ... The Martin Empire ) is a fictional group of villains in the Japanese version of the Yu-Gi-Oh! GX anime series, appearing between episodes 106-130. ...

Underage sexual images

In 1996, the Child Pornography Prevention Act (CPPA) was put in place, expanding a federal ban on child pornography from including only pornographic images including real children, to include any images, including computer-generated images, which appear to show minors engaged in sexually explicit conduct. The act defined a minor as any person being, or appearing to be, under the age of 18. This page may meet Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ... In law, the term minor (also infant or infancy) is used to refer to a person who is under the age in which one legally assumes adulthood and is legally granted rights afforded to adults in society. ...

Many U.S. distributors solved this problem by changing the ages of the anime characters to 18 or older. Altering dialog to move characters from high-school to college (thus raising their age ceiling), or by amending character back story to indicate that they were over 18, but remained in high school for some reason (an extended period illness or injury, lack of study, time spent traveling). Others complied with the law by removing adult scenes, or airbrushing them to include towels, swimsuits or clothes.

In 2002 the U.S. Supreme court ruled that the 1996 act violated the first amendment, thus being unconstitutional.

Although Japan also has laws governing the use of underage imagery, its laws define a lower range limit for the purposes of child pornography. Japan also has a more relaxed attitude towards nudity that separates contextual nudity (bathing, transformation sequences) from sexual nudity (physical sexual contact or nudity for the purpose of arousing the audience).

Non-censorship modification

Plot

In the case of Robotech, one part of the three-part series, The Super Dimension Fortress Macross, was originally aired in Japan as a weekly series. Harmony Gold USA, the American company that produced Robotech [3], decided to combine it with two other weekly series, The Super Dimension Cavalry Southern Cross and Genesis Climber Mospeada, in order to make a show that had enough episodes to market it as a daily series on American syndicated television. Voltron would also be another example; in this case, it combined the series GoLion and Dairugger XV. Robotech science fiction and anime universe. ... The Super Dimension Fortress Macross ) is an anime television series. ... Harmony Gold is a television production and distribution company established in 1983. ... Super Dimension Cavalry Southern Cross. ... This article is about the original Japanese animated series. ... Original run 10 September 1984 â€“ 18 November 1985 Episodes 123, plus a one-hour Fleet of Doom special Voltron is a giant mecha robot first featured in the 1980s animated television series Voltron: Defender of the Universe. ... Hundred Beast King GoLion ) is a Japanese Super robot anime television series. ... Kikou Kantai Dairugger XV (Japanese: æ©Ÿç”²è‰¦éšŠãƒ€ã‚¤ãƒ©ã‚¬ãƒ¼ï¼¸ï¼¶) was a popular anime series aired in Japan and Hong Kong from 1982 to 1983. ...

It is also possible to change the plot of anime through dialogue. An example of this is in the show YuYu Hakusho in the final fight between Yusuke Urameshi and the Younger Toguro. We see the faces of Yusuke and Toguro, and they are talking. In a shot of Yusuke, we see his girlfriend, Kayko Yukimura, in the background. The dialogue between Yusuke and Toguro, in which Yusuke talks about how he and Kayko will grow old together, is added in the English version. Dialogue in fiction is a verbal exchange between two or more characters. ... Yusuke Urameshi ) is the protagonist in the anime and manga series YuYu Hakusho created by Yoshihiro Togashi. ... Keiko Yukimura in the 8th chapter of the manga Keiko Yukimura (é›ªæ‘ èž¢å Yukimura Keiko), or Kayko Yukimura as she is known in the English anime (TV series version), the English video games, and the English trading card game, is a character of the anime and manga YuYu Hakusho. ...

Another case of the plot being changed through dialogue took place in season two (aka. the Battle city arc) in Yu-Gi-Oh!. In the original, Marik wanted to kill Yugi because he thought that Yugi killed his father. In the dub, Marik wanted to possess all three Egyptian God Cards so he could rule the world. This was changed to censor one character wanting to kill another.

Cultural streamlining

In order to allow easier access to American audiences, anime is commonly modified to state or imply that it takes place within the United States or a fictionalized country with a culture that resembles America's own. This is commonly achieved by substituting Japanese elements in a series for elements drawn from American popular culture, modifying food or other products to resemble their American equivalents, and by replacing Japanese writing with English. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... PokÃ©mon (abbreviated from Pocket Monsters ) in Japan) is a Japanese anime series, which has since been adapted for the North American and Eurpoean television market. ... Ash Ketchum, known as Satoshi ) in Japan, is a fictional character and the main protagonist from the PokÃ©mon anime. ... It has been suggested that Hero sandwich be merged into this article or section. ... Onigiri Onigiri (ãŠæ¡ã‚Š) also known as Omusubi (ãŠã‚€ã™ã³) is a Japanese (short grain) rice ball snack most commonly formed into triangle or oval shapes and wrapped in seaweed (nori). ... Popular culture (or pop culture) is the widespread cultural elements in any given society that are perpetuated through that societys vernacular language or lingua franca. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...

Examples include Street Fighter II: The Animated Movie, in which the Japanese newspaper at the end of the feature is changed to the New York Times newspaper, and the early episodes of Dragon Ball, in which Japanese currency is changed to U.S. dollars. The New York Times is an internationally known daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed in the United States and many other nations worldwide. ... Dragon Ball is the first part of the anime adaptation of the Dragon Ball manga written by Akira Toriyama and published in Japan in the Weekly Shonen Jump manga anthology comic. ...

Although once common, recent years have seen a decline in this process, as American audiences have come to identify various aspects of Japanese and Asian culture as "exotic", and they have actually become factors which attract them to the show. This trend has been mirrored in original North American animation, with series such as Hi Hi Puffy AmiYumi, Xiaolin Showdown, American Dragon: Jake Long, Yin Yang Yo, Avatar: The Last Airbender and more being constructed around aspects of Asian culture due to its current popularity. Consequently, fewer companies are carrying out the process of eliminating such aspects in anime. Hi Hi Puffy AmiYumi is an Annie Award-nominated American animated television series produced by Renegade Animation for the Cartoon Network. ... Xiaolin Showdown was an American animated television series that currently airs on Cartoon Network. ... Yin Yang Yo! is an American/UK animated television series created by Walt Disney Television Animation. ...

Audience stereotyping

Some series have been heavily edited in order to comply to American audience stereotypes, either to add elements that increase the series appeal to a key demographic, or to remove elements that may detract from that demographic. For example, in order to attract a male audience in the 6 to 9 age range, the company who distributed the U.S. release of Cardcaptor Sakura (a series originally aimed primarily at a female audience) retitled the series Cardcaptors (note: plural and non gender specific) and it is presumed^{[citation needed]} that Warner Brothers deleted the first 8 episodes of the first series in order to give a male sub-character equal status to the original female lead. It also deleted every episode from the show's continuity that did not sufficiently feature the male character, including the three romance based subplots that formed much of the show's appeal to females. To this end, most elements of romance were also removed from the series, thus damaging the plot. However, all 70 episodes aired in other countries, such as Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom's first run (albeit still titled Cardcaptors). Serialized in Nakayoshi Original run 1996 â€“ 2000 Volumes 12 TV anime Director Morio Asaka Studio Madhouse Licensor Bandai Visual Geneon Nelvana Network NHK, Animax Original run April 7, 1998 â€“ March 21, 2000 Episodes 70 Movie: Cardcaptor Sakura the Movie Director Morio Asaka Composer Takayuki Negishi Studio Madhouse Licensor Bandai Visual... Cardcaptors is the title of the English adaptation produced by Nelvana of the Japanese anime series Cardcaptor Sakura. ... Warner Bros. ...

In some cases, changes made to fit with audience demographics can be so pronounced that they result in the production of a second unique series. For example, in order to take advantage of the popularity of space-themed features among 6 to 9 year old boys that was created by the 1977 release of Star Wars, footage was taken from 85 of the 105 episodes of Gatchaman and heavily modified to create the new series Battle of the Planets.^[15] Whereas Gatchaman was a dark series set on Earth and containing a heavy environmental protection message, its American counterpart was a light space based series which contained none of the original environmental message and was aimed at a younger audience. Battle of the Planets (1978) is the first Westernized adaptation of the 1972 Japanese animated television series known as Kagaku ninja tai Gatchaman. ...

Dubtitling

The practice of dubtitling is taking the scripts used for the English dubbed versions and using them as the Japanese "translations" in the original Japanese versions with English subtitles. The differences between the dubtitles and the actual translation can be so much that, for people who understand some Japanese, watching dubtitled versions can be difficult.

Dubtitling these days is rare, though. And, even with this, fans are quick to alert other fans of it. Dubtitling usually happens on older titles that were put on laser disc, but most current DVD releases have an accurate translation of the subtitled versions, an example being Manga Entertainment's Ghost in the Shell, which had dubtitles on the laser disc version but has an accurate translation on the subtitled version of the DVD release. Pioneers LaserDisc Logo The Laserdisc (LD) was the first commercial optical disc storage medium, and was used primarily for the presentation of movies. ... Manga Entertainment is a licensor and distributor of Japanese animation (anime) in the United States and United Kingdom. ... Motoko Kusanagi from the manga Ghost in the Shell. ...

Fifteening

Fifteening, something that happened in the earlier days of anime releases in the United States, is when more mature language (e.g., profanity) is used to get a higher age rating (especially the BBFC rating 15, hence the moniker). This has happened in both the dubbed versions and the subtitled versions, but, with the latter, fans were more quick to complain about it. In cartoons, profanity is often depicted by substituting symbols for words, as a form of non-specific censorship. ... British Board of Film Classification logo The British Board of Film Classification (BBFC), originally British Board of Film Censors, is the organisation responsible for film and some video game classification and censorship within the United Kingdom. ...

An example of this was on one of the English redubbed versions of Princess Mononoke. A character commented on how the soup being drunk was watery, while in the redub, the character says the soup tasted like "donkey piss." Manga Entertainment's earlier releases are also examples, especially Angel Cop, Mad Bull 34, Patlabor Movie 1, and Appleseed. They used strong profanity (e.g. shit or asshole) instead of milder terms. Princess Mononoke ) is a Japanese animated film by Hayao Miyazaki, produced through his company, Studio Ghibli, that was first released in Japan on July 12, 1997 and in the United States on October 29, 1999 in select cities and on November 26, 1999. ... Manga Entertainment is a licensor and distributor of Japanese animation (anime) in the United States and United Kingdom. ... Angel Cop is an action anime 6 episode OVA series created and directed by Ichiro Itano in 1994 It has been released in the west by Manga Video The story initially starts by dealing with terrorism in an alternate world 1990s where Japan is the largest economy in the world. ... // Mad Bull 34 manga Mad Bull 34 is a manga that was serialized in Shueishas Young Jump and Bears Club between 1986 - 1990 and was compiled into 27 volumes. ... Serialized in ShÅnen Sunday Original run 1988 â€“ 1994 Volumes 22 OVA: Patlabor the Original Series Director Mamoru Oshii Studio Studio Deen Episodes 7 Released 1988-04-25 - 1989-06-25 Movie: Patlabor the Movie Director Mamoru Oshii Studio Studio Deen Released 1989-07-15 Runtime 100 minutes TV anime... For other uses, see Appleseed. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Opening and closing credits

Changing the visuals of the opening and closing credits is common for demographic reasons, and to allow for the names of U.S.-based production staff and voice actors to be included. Credits may be completely remade, replaced with an English language version of the original credits, or retained but with a unique English language musical score. Image File history File links Japanese_Digimon_Logo. ... Image File history File links Japanese_Digimon_Logo. ... Opening credits, in a television program, motion picture or videogame, are shown at the beginning of a show and list the most important members of the production. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

In many cases, credits are also altered for commercial reasons. Typical Japanese opening and ending sequences are 90 seconds long. Shortening the credits to 30-60 seconds allows more time to be made available for advertisements.

When Cardcaptor Sakura was dubbed, its primary demographic was changed from female to male, necessitating the complete replacement of its romance based credits (both audio and visual) with a more masculine alternative. Serialized in Nakayoshi Original run 1996 â€“ 2000 Volumes 12 TV anime Director Morio Asaka Studio Madhouse Licensor Bandai Visual Geneon Nelvana Network NHK, Animax Original run April 7, 1998 â€“ March 21, 2000 Episodes 70 Movie: Cardcaptor Sakura the Movie Director Morio Asaka Composer Takayuki Negishi Studio Madhouse Licensor Bandai Visual...

Eyecatches

An eyecatch is a scene or illustration used to begin and end a commercial break in a Japanese television program, especially in anime and tokusatsu programs, similar to how "commercial bumpers" into/out of commercial breaks are used in the United States. Each eyecatch from Marmalade Boy rotates every few episodes. ... A scene is an episode in a story. ... Illustration by Jessie Willcox Smith. ... // Advert redirects here. ... Japanese television programs are mostly broadcast in Japan, although satellite and cable services outside Japan offer TV shows selected to fit local tastes. ... Icons of tokusatsu in the late 1970s: Spider-Man, Kamen Rider Stronger, Kamen Rider V3, Battle Fever J, Ultraman Jonias, as well as the manga and anime icon Doraemon Tokusatsu ) is a Japanese word that literally means special effects. ... A brief (usually ten to fifteen seconds) transition announcement in broadcasting, placed between a pause in the program and its commercial break (and also the other way around). ...

Most anime shown on television frequently have their eyecatches removed; one notable exception to this would be the "Who's that Pokémon" sequence from the 4Kids produced dub of Pokémon.

Titles and names

Shortening of long titles

Sometimes companies, notably FUNimation Entertainment, will change the titles of episodes, specials, movies, or other things, since Japanese titles are sometimes longer than English titles, because the titles do not clearly summarize the content, or because the title spoils what would otherwise be a surprising moment. FUNimation Entertainment (previously known as FUNimation Productions, and usually referred to as FUNimation or FUNi for short) is an American entertainment company. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

For example, the Dragon Ball GT special is, in Japanese, "Goku Sidestory!: The Proof of His Courage is the Si Xing Qiu," so it was changed to "A Hero's Legacy." Also, the thirteenth episode of Yu-Gi-Oh! is, in Japanese, "Morphing Jar's Trap: Flame Swordsman in Danger," although that action took place in one turn of the card game, equalling to less than a minute, so it was changed to "Evil Spirit of the Ring," describing the evil side of Ryo Bakura, Dark Bakura, who was dueling Dark Yugi. Original run February 7, 1996 â€“ November 19, 1997 Episodes 64 Sagas Black Star Dragon Ball Saga Baby Saga Super 17 Saga Shadow Dragon Saga TV Special A Heros Legacy Dragon Ball GT ) is a Japanese anime-only sub-series of the Dragon Ball franchise created by Akira Toriyama. ... Yu-Gi-Oh!, known in Japan and the rest of East Asia as Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters ) is an anime based on the Yu-Gi-Oh! manga. ... Ryo Bakura ) is a fictional character in the manga and anime series Yu-Gi-Oh!. In the English Duel Monsters anime, he is known as simply Bakura, and in the English Yu-Gi-Oh! The Eternal Duelist Soul video game, Bakuras name is given in the traditional Japanese order... This is a listing of major characters from the manga Yu-Gi-Oh! and the first series Yu-Gi-Oh! anime and Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters (known outside of Japan as simply Yu-Gi-Oh!) anime series. ... This is a listing of major characters from the manga Yu-Gi-Oh! and the first series Yu-Gi-Oh! anime and Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters (known outside of Japan as simply Yu-Gi-Oh!) anime series. ...

The nicknames of series are sometimes used as the English titles. For example, the manga of Kareshi Kanojo no Jijō is published in English under its nickname, Kare Kano, instead of the literal translation His and Her Circumstances (which is used as the title of the anime). Saikano is the official English title of Saishū Heiki Kanojo ("She, the Ultimate Weapon" or "Ultimate Weapon Girlfriend"). Serialized in LaLa Magazine Daisuki Magnolia Original run December 1995 â€“ April 2005 No. ... Saikano, known in Japan as SaishÅ« Heiki Kanojo , lit. ...

Words and phrases that do not translate elegantly might be paraphrased. For example, the martial arts tournament that the characters in Dragon Ball, Dragon Ball Z and Dragon Ball GT participate in, the "Tenkaichi Budokai" (literally the "Foremost Under Heaven Martial Arts Tournament"), was changed to just the "World Tournament" or "World Martial Arts Tournament." Dragon Ball is the first part of the anime adaptation of the Dragon Ball manga written by Akira Toriyama and published in Japan in the Weekly Shonen Jump manga anthology comic. ... DBZ redirects here. ... Original run February 7, 1996 â€“ November 19, 1997 Episodes 64 Sagas Black Star Dragon Ball Saga Baby Saga Super 17 Saga Shadow Dragon Saga TV Special A Heros Legacy Dragon Ball GT ) is a Japanese anime-only sub-series of the Dragon Ball franchise created by Akira Toriyama. ... The World Martial Arts Tournament known as Tenkaichi BudÅkai (ja:å¤©ä¸‹ä¸€æ¦é“ä¼š, literally Strongest Under the Heavens Martial Arts Tournament) refers to an event in the fictional manga Dragon Ball/Dragon Ball Z, and anime Dragon Ball, Dragon Ball Z and Dragon Ball GT. In all the Dragon Ball series...

Untranslated titles

Shows notable for this include YuYu Hakusho (although the show logo has the subtitle "Ghost Files," which is one translation of it; one of the two movies, done by a different studio from that of the show, U.S. Manga Corps, was translated to "Poltergeist Report"), Yu-Gi-Oh! (which translates to "The King of Games", or more accurately, "Game King"). and Fushigi Yūgi (literally "Mystery Game" but usually rendered "Mysterious Play", or "Curious Play" as aired on Animax in South Asia). This is not seen as often as one might expect, often because the original Japanese titles are in English, as is the case with Fruits Basket, One Piece, Perfect Blue, and .hack//SIGN (although, technically, the Romanized forms of the titles would be an attempt at pronouncing the English words), or because the title of shows are the names of the shows's main characters, as in Naruto or Lupin III. Serialized in Weekly Shonen Jump Original run 1990 â€“ 1994 Volumes 19 TV anime Director Noriyuki Abe Studio Studio Pierrot Network Fuji Television, Animax Original run 10 October 1992 â€“ 7 January 1995 Episodes 112 TV Episodes, 2 Movies YuYu Hakusho , literally Spirits Wander White Book, meaning Ghost Files / Poltergeist Report, romanized... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... Serialized in Weekly Shonen Jump Shonen Jump BANZAI! Shonen Jump Comics House Original run 1996 â€“ March 2004 Volumes 38 volumes, with 343 total chapters TV anime: Yu-Gi-Oh! Director Various Studio Toei Animation Network TV Asahi Original run April 4, 1998 â€“ October 10, 1998 Episodes 27 TV anime: Yu... Serialized in ShÅjo Comic Animerica Extra Original run May 1992 â€“ July 1996 Volumes 18 TV anime Director Hajime Kamegaki Studio Studio Pierrot Licensor Odex Geneon Network Animax, TV Tokyo Original run 6 April 1995 â€“ 28 March 1996 Episodes 52 OVA: 1 Director Hajime Kamegaki Studio Studio Pierrot Episodes 3... Animax ) is a Japanese anime satellite television network, established and owned by Sony Corporation, and dedicated to broadcasting anime programming. ... This article is about the manga and anime franchise. ... One piece redirects here. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Original run 2002-04-04 â€“ 2002-09-25 No. ... Japanese writing Kanji Kana Hiragana Katakana Hentaigana ManyÅgana Uses Furigana Okurigana RÅmaji The romanization of Japanese is the use of the Latin alphabet (called rÅmaji ) in Japanese) to write the Japanese language, which is normally written in logographic characters borrowed from Chinese (kanji) and syllabic scripts... Serialized in Weekly Shonen Jump Shonen Jump BANZAI! Shonen Jump Weekly Comic Original run November 1999 â€“ Ongoing No. ... Lupin the 3rd and Lupin the Third redirect here. ...

Renaming and retitling

The Japanese series Konjiki no Gash Bell!! (Golden Gash Bell) had its name changed to Zatch Bell! due to the gore connotations with the word "gash" which means a wound inflicted with a sharp object (or possibly the related sexual dysphemism). In doing so, the title character Gash Bell had his name changed to Zatch Bell. Other character name changes in the show were made to make them seem more American). Zatch Bell!, known in Japan as Konjiki no Gash!! (manga) and Konjiki no Gash Bell!! (anime) (é‡‘è‰²ã®ã‚¬ãƒƒã‚·ãƒ¥ãƒ™ãƒ«!! Konjiki no Gasshu Beru!! literally translates to Golden Gash Bell!!), is a shÅnen manga series by Makoto Raiku published in Shogakukans Shonen Sunday, which has been adapted as an anime TV series... In language, both dysphemism (from the Greek â€œdysâ€ Î´Ï…Ï‚ = non and â€œphemeâ€ Ï†Î®Î¼Î· = speech) and cacophemism (in Greek â€œcacosâ€ ÎºÎ±ÎºÏŒÏ‚ = bad) refer to the usage of an intentionally harsh word or expression instead of a polite one; they are rough opposites of euphemism. ...

Almost the entire cast of Sailor Moon were given Americanized names, especially if their Japanese names could not be modified easily. For example, "Usagi," the main character whose name translates to "bunny" or "rabbit" was renamed "Serena." However, Sailor Mercury, whose Japanese name is "Ami" was simply called "Amy" in the American release. For the title character, see Sailor Moon (character) and for the first story arc, see Dark Kingdom arc. ... Serena (meaning serene) is a female first name, with several famous holders of it including: Serena Williams, a famous tennis star. ... Sailor Mercury ) is one of the central characters in the Sailor Moon metaseries. ...

In Disney's release of Studio Ghibli's Laputa: Castle in the Sky, the film was retitled Castle in the Sky, because "la puta" is extremely offensive in Spanish (translating into "the whore"). Hayao Miyazaki, the writer and director of the film, named the movie (and the titular castle located in the sky) after the fictional flying island of Laputa in Jonathan Swift's satirical novel Gulliver's Travels, and remarked that if he knew of the meaning of the word, he would not have used it. It is very possible that Swift knew of its meaning and intentionally used it because of that.^[16] Castle in the Sky, known in Japan as Laputa: The Castle in the Sky (天空の城ラピュタ; Tenku no shiro Rapyuta) is a 1986 animated film directed by Hayao Miyazaki. ... Hayao Miyazaki ) (born January 5, 1941 in Tokyo, Japan) is the prominent director of many popular animated feature films. ... Jonathan Swift Jonathan Swift (November 30, 1667 â€“ October 19, 1745) was an Irish cleric, satirist, essayist, political pamphleteer (first for Whigs then for Tories), and poet, famous for works like Gullivers Travels, A Modest Proposal, A Journal to Stella, The Drapiers Letters, The Battle of the Books, and... For other uses, see Gullivers Travels (disambiguation). ...

Because of legal issues, Funimation was unable to obtain full legal clearance to the mystery series Detective Conan and were forced to change the name to Cased Closed. Every character - save for the titular Conan - was given a new Americanized name while famous Japanese locales and landmarks were also Americanized.

Spellings of names and titles

Some names of characters have been changed to avoid possible confusion with other similarily named characters:

More rarely, a company might decide to change the romanization of Japanese names, so that the names can be more easily read by English-speaking viewers. For example, "Syaoran Li" was spelled as "Shaoran Li" in the English DVD subtitles of Cardcaptor Sakura. In all versions of Dragon Ball, Dragon Ball Z, and Dragon Ball GT, "Yamucha" (which is the Japanese rendering of the Cantonese term "Yum cha") was romanized as "Yamcha" possibly because the "u" in the name is an epenthetic vowel not found in the original Chinese pronunciation, and in the anime "Kuririn" was changed to "Krillin" for ease of pronunciation. This is a list of naval marine characters in the anime and manga series One Piece. ... Jango redirects here. ... PokÃ©mon (abbreviated from Pocket Monsters ) in Japan) is a Japanese anime series, which has since been adapted for the North American and Eurpoean television market. ... This article is about the American media conglomerate. ... Monster in My Pocket was a toy line developed by Morrison Entertainment Group, headed by Joe Morrison and John Weems, and released by Matchbox in 1990 consisting of small, soft plastic monsters from religion and mythology, literary fantasy, and unexplained phenomena. ... Japanese writing Kanji Kana Hiragana Katakana Hentaigana ManyÅgana Uses Furigana Okurigana RÅmaji The romanization of Japanese is the use of the Latin alphabet (called rÅmaji ) in Japanese) to write the Japanese language, which is normally written in logographic characters borrowed from Chinese (kanji) and syllabic scripts... This is a Chinese name; the family name is Li Syaoran Li , Chinese pinyin LÇ XiÇŽolÃ¡ng or Li Xiaolang), is a fictional character in Clamps manga and anime series Cardcaptor Sakura. ... Dragon Ball is the first part of the anime adaptation of the Dragon Ball manga written by Akira Toriyama and published in Japan in the Weekly Shonen Jump manga anthology comic. ... DBZ redirects here. ... Original run February 7, 1996 â€“ November 19, 1997 Episodes 64 Sagas Black Star Dragon Ball Saga Baby Saga Super 17 Saga Shadow Dragon Saga TV Special A Heros Legacy Dragon Ball GT ) is a Japanese anime-only sub-series of the Dragon Ball franchise created by Akira Toriyama. ... This article is about all of the Cantonese (Yue) dialects. ... Lung Mun, an old-styled Cantonese restaurant in Wan Chai, Hong Kong Yum cha (Cantonese:é£²èŒ¶; Japanese: ãƒ¤ãƒ ãƒãƒ£, kanji:å–«èŒ¶), literally translated as drinking tea, refers to the Cantonsese custom of eating tiny tastes of many different foods while sipping a well-brewed Chinese cuppa. ... Yamcha ), the notorious desert bandit, is a fictional character from the manga Dragon Ball and the anime Dragon Ball, Dragon Ball Z and Dragon Ball GT. He is a human who has started out as an antagonist of Goku but quickly reformed and became his friend. ... In poetry and phonetics, epenthesis (, from Greek epi on + en in + thesis putting) is the insertion of a consonant, a vowel, or a whole syllable into a word, usually to facilitate pronunciation. ... Kuririn , Krillin in most English adaptations) is a fictional character in the manga Dragon Ball/Dragon Ball Z, and the anime for Dragon Ball, Dragon Ball Z, and Dragon Ball GT. In the original Japanese version, he was voiced by Mayumi Tanaka. ...

Anglicisation of pronunciation

The English language has rules for the phonetics reading of words written in the Latin alphabet. Based on those patterns, when people see a new word, they pronounce it in a certain way. Sometimes, the pronunciations of names and titles in anime are just the default native English pronunciations of the romanized titles, even if those pronunciations are different from the original Japanese pronunciations. For example, the "ur" in the name of the character Kurama in YuYu Hakusho is pronounced in the English version by FUNimation Entertainment to rhyme with the "ur" in "churn" (resulting in /kɚˈɹama/). But, in actuality, there is no "ur as in churn" sound in Japanese; it would be pronounced /kɯɺ̠ama/. In the same series, the surname of the character Yusuke Urameshi is pronounced as /juːɹəmɛʃi/, where in the original it is pronounced /ɯɺ̠ameɕi/. The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Phonetic (pho-NET-ic) is a nationwide voicemail-to-text messaging service available for most digital mobile phones in which a subscriber is provided a custom voice mailbox for the purpose of receiving all incoming voice messages as actual transcribed text for reading via short messaging (also known as SMS... Abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz redirects here. ... Languages can be romanized in a variety of ways, as shown here with Mandarin Chinese In linguistics, romanization (or Latinization, also spelled romanisation or Latinisation) is the representation of a word or language with the Roman (Latin) alphabet, or a system for doing so, where the original word or language... Kurama in his human (Shuichi Minamino) form on the cover of YuYu Hakusho Perfect File Volume 2. ... FUNimation Entertainment (previously known as FUNimation Productions, and usually referred to as FUNimation or FUNi for short) is an American entertainment company. ... In phonetics, an r-colored vowel or rhotacized vowel is a vowel either with the tip or blade of the tongue turned up during at least part of the articulation of the vowel (a retroflex articulation) or with the tip of the tongue down and the back of the tongue... Yusuke Urameshi ) is the protagonist in the anime and manga series YuYu Hakusho created by Yoshihiro Togashi. ...

Music

While it is common in Japanese films and anime to have silent moments of reflection for characters, it is not widely encountered in their American counterparts. Usually music is added for aesthetic reasons, but with some older anime, music may be added or replaced because the separated vocal and musical tracks are not available to the dubbing company.

Music is sometimes replaced entirely, the most controversial example in recent years being Dragon Ball Z (although the recently released remastered DVD box sets by Funimation have restored the original music). Other times, Japanese lyrics in theme songs are localized into English or the theme music is replaced or altered, but the background music remains unchanged. DBZ redirects here. ... FUNimation Entertainment (previously known as FUNimation Productions) is an American company formed by Gen Fukunaga in the early 1990s to produce, merchandise and distribute anime and other entertainment properties in the United States and international markets. ... The theme music of a radio or television program is a piece that is written specifically for that show and usually played during the title sequence and/or end credits. ...

Expansion of dialogue

Lines of dialogue may be added that were not in the original to clarify certain concepts or scenes. For instance, in the anime Naruto, the kunai is often called a "kunai knife." In the film Spirited Away, the first time Chihiro sees the bath house in the English version, she says to herself, "It's a bath house." However, in the original version, she said nothing, as the Japanese audience would be expected to recognize what it was. Dialogue in fiction is a verbal exchange between two or more characters. ... Serialized in Weekly Shonen Jump Shonen Jump BANZAI! Shonen Jump Weekly Comic Original run November 1999 â€“ Ongoing No. ... A kunai is an ancient kind of trowel, originated during the Tensho Era in Japan. ... Spirited Away , literally Sen and Chihiros Spiriting Away) is an Academy Award winning 2001 film by the Japanese anime studio Studio Ghibli, written and directed by famed animator Hayao Miyazaki. ... A bath house is a place where people bathe. ...

English dubbing

While it only makes sense that, in any language, the more information that is conveyed in speech, the more syllables it takes to convey that information (in other words, in all languages, the number of syllables it takes to convey information is at least somewhat proportional to the amount of information conveyed), it is unlikely that the same information spoken in two different languages will result in the same number of syllables it takes to convey that information. Lip synchronization is the synchronization of audio signals (sometimes with corresponding video signals) so that there is no noticeable lack of simultaneity between them. ... For the computer operating system, see Syllable (operating system). ...

When dubbing in English, the voice-overs have to either go by the number of mouth movements in the anime, or edit the video to modify the movements.

Therefore, it is almost impossible to make the English scripts in anime to be the "direct" translations of the original, Japanese versions (the type of translation found in the subtitles of the Japanese versions on DVDs), so the script has to be altered. Look up translate in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... In books and other works, a subtitle is an explanatory or alternate title. ...

Translation

Problems/untranslatability

Untranslatability is a property of a text, or of any utterance, in one language, for which no equivalent text or utterance can be found in another language. Untranslatability is a property of a text, or of any utterance, in one language, for which no equivalent text or utterance can be found in another language. ...

Terms are neither exclusively translatable nor exclusively untranslatable; rather, the degree of difficulty of translation depends on their nature, as well as the translator's abilities. Look up translate in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Quite often, a text or utterance that is considered to be "untranslatable" is actually a lacuna, or lexical gap. That is to say that there is no one-to-one equivalence between the word, expression, or turn-of-phrase in the source language and another word, expression, or turn-of-phrase in the target language. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

An example of this is the word "-dattebayo" which is added onto the end of sentences spoken by the character Naruto (in the show of the same name). In the Japanese versions, Naruto often ends his sentences with "-dattebayo" or "(verb)-ttebayo" ;, and as such Naruto has a unique style of speech. In the Japanese language, an ending can be added with no meaning to make the tone sound more tough, childish, girlish, or many other changes depending on the many existing endings. "-ttebayo", which is not a well-known ending, has no literal meaning and cannot be translated, but carries the connotations of the speaker demanding the attention of someone else who may be ignoring them (especially common among children pestering their parents). Serialized in Weekly Shonen Jump Shonen Jump BANZAI! Shonen Jump Weekly Comic Original run November 1999 â€“ Ongoing No. ...

A translator, however, can resort to a number of translation procedures to compensate. In the case of Naruto, they simply changed "-dattebayo" to "believe it(!)", which was used most in earlier episodes. However, this compensation has been used much less in recent episodes, if not at all, and Viz has instead elongated Naruto's sentences to fill the gaps.

Editing for length

Often, extended scenes of dialogue would be cut or truncated. Many earlier anime theatrical films also had long sequences of pure visual effects and no dialogue. Sequences with musical numbers would also be cut in the interest of shortening the film. Odin: Photon Sailer Starlight, whose original runtime was two hours 15 minutes had a pre-credits sequence, numerous surrealistic special effects scenes, lengthy dialogue scenes, silent moments, as well as a musical ending (special appearance by Loudness, the band who performed some of the music numbers), all of which were cut out resulting in a 90 minute English dub. The original North American release for Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind, Warriors of the Wind, cut out almost half an hour of the movie, because it was considered too slow moving. This caused much confusion in the overall storyline. NausicaÃ¤ of the Valley of the Wind ) is a 1984 film by Japanese writer, illustrator, and filmmaker Hayao Miyazaki, based on his manga of the same name. ...

Getting uncut anime to the public unofficially

Fansubs

A fansub (short for fan-subtitled) is a version of a foreign film or foreign television program which has been translated and subtitled by fans into a language other than that of the Americanized version. It is most commonly used to refer to fan-translated anime that is shared amongst other fans. School Rumble with karaoke subtitlesâ€”typical for the original Japanese episodes and fansubs, but less common in licensed American releases. ... For more information on fans of football (soccer), see Football (soccer) culture. ... Fan translation refers to the unofficial translation of various forms of media by fans, usually into a language in which an official translated version is not available. ...

Although there is much controversy surrounding fansubbing, many believe that it is the only way that newer anime can have a chance to gain popularity in other countries. Some fans even contend that without fansubs, some of the more popular anime at this time would have never made it to an officially translated release overseas.

Current American companies licensing anime

Most anime produced for the United States today is left uncut, but almost all uncut anime is only released on DVD; many anime series shown on television are still edited. That being said, most major distribution companies leave anime completely uncut, although they may make edited versions for television, as is the case with the show Yu Yu Hakusho, Naruto, and One Piece. While Anime has been licensed by its Japanese owners for use outside of Japan since at least the 1960s, the practice became well-established in the United States in the late 1970s/early 1980s, when such TV series as Gatchaman and Captain Harlock were licensed from their Japanese parent companies... YuYu Hakusho logo (English manga) YuYu Hakusho (幽★遊★白書 YūYū Hakusho, literally The Playful Ghost White Paper, meaning Ghost Files/Poltergeist Report) is a manga and anime series by Yoshihiro Togashi. ... Serialized in Weekly Shonen Jump Shonen Jump BANZAI! Shonen Jump Weekly Comic Original run November 1999 â€“ Ongoing No. ... One piece redirects here. ...

Controversy

Many anime fans object to this editing on artistic grounds, claiming that modifying elements of the original stories amounts to tampering with works of art^[who?]. Some fans object because editing is usually done without consulting the original creators of the anime that are edited^[who?].

After several years of petitioning 4Kids Entertainment released uncensored versions of Yu-Gi-Oh! and Shaman King on DVD. In addition to containing scenes originally cut from the features, the new versions contained the original music, Japanese language tracks and new English language tracks with unlocalized dialog that more closely matched the original Japanese dialog.^[17] These unedited DVDs sold poorly, being purchased only by a subset of fans within the wider anime market. Fans also contend that the uncut DVDs were poorly promoted, being pushed as a niche item within the franchise, rather than as a mainstream franchise in themselves.^[18] Indeed, by the time that the unedited DVDs were released, both Yu-Gi-Oh! and Shaman King had been running on television in their localized forms for several years, and had been released in that format for years as well.^[19] The first two volumes of Yu-Gi-Oh! were released uncut in 2004, and the third volume was released in 2005. Two volumes of Shaman King were released uncut. After time both projects were canceled.^[20] 4Kids Entertainment (NYSE: KDE) (commonly known as 4Kids) is an American film and television production company specializing in the acquisition, production and licensing of childrens entertainment around the world. ... Yu-Gi-Oh!, known in Japan and the rest of East Asia as Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters ) is an anime based on the Yu-Gi-Oh! manga. ... Serialized in Weekly Shonen Jump Shonen Jump Banzai! Original run 1998 â€“ 2004 Volumes 32 TV anime Director Seiji Mizushima Studio XEBEC Network TV Tokyo Original run July 4, 2001 â€“ September 25, 2002 Episodes 64 Specials The Documents of the Shaman Fight (Yujo no Katachi) The Form that Friendship Takes (Ai... Yu-Gi-Oh!, known in Japan and the rest of East Asia as Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters ) is an anime based on the Yu-Gi-Oh! manga. ... Serialized in Weekly Shonen Jump Shonen Jump Banzai! Original run 1998 â€“ 2004 Volumes 32 TV anime Director Seiji Mizushima Studio XEBEC Network TV Tokyo Original run July 4, 2001 â€“ September 25, 2002 Episodes 64 Specials The Documents of the Shaman Fight (Yujo no Katachi) The Form that Friendship Takes (Ai...

Despite the poor reaction to the uncut versions of Yu-Gi-Oh! and Shaman King in the USA, other uncensored franchises have fared better. In 2005, Optimum Asia began releasing the Studio Ghibli collection in Europe with a Japanese audio track and an uncensored subtitle stream in addition to a censored English language audio track provided by Walt Disney. The collection was a commercial success, and was particularly notable because it included a subtitle only version of Only Yesterday, which had previously been deemed unsuitable for release in the U.S. because of references to menstruation.

4Kids drew the ire of One Piece fans for its heavily edited English dub up until Funimation acquired the rights to produce and distribute One Piece. ^[21] One piece redirects here. ... FUNimation Entertainment (previously known as FUNimation Productions) is an American company formed by Gen Fukunaga in the early 1990s to produce, merchandise and distribute anime and other entertainment properties in the United States and international markets. ...

Not one frame cut

In some instances Japanese studios have refused to allow their work to be censored as a precondition of signing a U.S. release contracts.

One example is Studio Ghibli, which allowed its catalog to be dubbed into English by Disney Studios, on the condition that no frames were removed or airbrushed, and that the dialog was not significantly changed. The company is well-known for its strict "no-edits" policy in licensing their films abroad. The "no cuts" policy was highlighted when Miramax co-chairman Harvey Weinstein suggested editing Princess Mononoke to make it more marketable. In response, an unnamed Studio Ghibli producer sent him an authentic katana with a simple message: "No cuts".^[22] Studio Ghibli, Inc. ... For the theme park in France, see Walt Disney Studios Park The Seven Dwarves Building at the Walt Disney Studios The Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California serves as the international headquarters for media conglemorate The Walt Disney Company. ... Harvey Weinstein at Cannes, 2002 Harvey Weinstein CBE (Hon) (born March 19, 1952) is an American film producer and movie studio chairman. ... Princess Mononoke ) is a Japanese animated film by Hayao Miyazaki, produced through his company, Studio Ghibli, that was first released in Japan on July 12, 1997 and in the United States on October 29, 1999 in select cities and on November 26, 1999. ... For other uses, see Katana (disambiguation). ...

As a result of this, Disney released uncensored versions of all but two of Studio Ghibli's works that included partial nudity, death, violence and other more adult concepts/moments. The exception to this was Pom Poko in which Ghibli permitted a low level dialog change to remove references to testicles (replacing it with the more innocuous term "raccoon pouch"). Pom Poko (å¹³æˆç‹¸åˆæˆ¦ã½ã‚“ã½ã“; Heisei Tanuki Gassen Ponpoko, Heisei-era Raccoon Dog War Pom Poko) (1994) is an anime (Japanese animation) film written and directed by Takahata Isao at Studio Ghibli. ...

Original creators' thoughts

The original creators of the anime that have been edited are usually not directly notified of the editing. It is up to the studios/copyright owners of anime as to whether or not to allow editing in their anime, and the ample number of anime edited for the United States would seem to indicate that the studios/copyright owners normally do not object.

There is, however, one case in which an original anime creator and studio have voiced objections to the editing process in their anime. Hayao Miyazaki is one of the most renowned anime feature film creators of all time, his film Spirited Away being the top-grossing film of all time in Japan and one of his previous films, Princess Mononoke, holding that same title some time before, before being replaced by Titanic. He and his studio, Studio Ghibli, objected when their film Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind was severely edited by New World Pictures in the mid-1980s and released under the new title Warriors of the Wind on video and shown on HBO. About one-quarter of the film was cut, its lead character "Nausicaa (Naushika)" renamed "Princess Zandra," and its storyline simplified somewhat. Additionally, the voice actors and actresses who dubbed the English dialog were not informed of the story's plotline so they could not play the parts adequately.^[23] Hayao Miyazaki ) (born January 5, 1941 in Tokyo, Japan) is the prominent director of many popular animated feature films. ... Spirited Away , literally Sen and Chihiros Spiriting Away) is an Academy Award winning 2001 film by the Japanese anime studio Studio Ghibli, written and directed by famed animator Hayao Miyazaki. ... Princess Mononoke ) is a Japanese animated film by Hayao Miyazaki, produced through his company, Studio Ghibli, that was first released in Japan on July 12, 1997 and in the United States on October 29, 1999 in select cities and on November 26, 1999. ... Titanic is a 1997 disaster romance film directed, written, produced and edited by James Cameron about the sinking of the RMS Titanic. ... Studio Ghibli, Inc. ... NausicaÃ¤ of the Valley of the Wind ) is a 1984 film by Japanese writer, illustrator, and filmmaker Hayao Miyazaki, based on his manga of the same name. ... // New World Communications Company Info â€¢This company no longer exists. ... NausicaÃ¤ of the Valley of the Wind ) is a 1984 film by Japanese writer, illustrator, and filmmaker Hayao Miyazaki, based on his manga of the same name. ... For other uses, see HBO (disambiguation). ...

Miyazaki and Studio Ghibli were aware of this editing to the film, and were very unhappy about it. They asked those who had viewed the edited version "to dismiss it from their minds." As a result of this experience, Studio Ghibli instituted a policy of never allowing a foreign company to edit any of its films prior to release in a new market. Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind was re-released, uncut, with its original title, by Disney, in 2005. Studio Ghibli, Inc. ... NausicaÃ¤ of the Valley of the Wind ) is a 1984 film by Japanese writer, illustrator, and filmmaker Hayao Miyazaki, based on his manga of the same name. ... Disney redirects here. ...

In February 2006, Cartoon Network aired Spirited Away (also produced by Studio Ghibli) with a TV-PG-V rating, as the film contained some graphic violence (one scene had a character covered in a considerable amount of blood). Due to Studio Ghibli's strict "no-edits" policy, Cartoon Network had to run the film uncut, and took a risk by showing the film during their Fridays children's block (with an encore the following Sunday evening). No problems came about, however, and Cartoon Network did not receive any complaints. Cartoon Network re-aired the film on March 18, 2006, during Toonami's "A Month of Miyazaki." For Cartoon Network outside of the United States, see Cartoon Network around the world. ... Spirited Away , literally Sen and Chihiros Spiriting Away) is an Academy Award winning 2001 film by the Japanese anime studio Studio Ghibli, written and directed by famed animator Hayao Miyazaki. ... It has been suggested that this article be split into articles entitled List of television rating systems, TV Parental Guidelines, Media content rating in country and Television content rating in country. ... Cartoon Cartoon Fridays was a Friday night program block on Cartoon Network that showcased the channels original animated series, with new episode premieres usually taking place in this block. ... For the former television channel in the United Kingdom of the same name, see Toonami (UK). ... For the former television channel in the United Kingdom of the same name, see Toonami (UK). ...

Along with this, Cartoon Network felt confident, and went with the showing of Princess Mononoke (also produced by Studio Ghibli), which was rated TV-14-V. The movie was uncut, including all blood and gore (including decapitations), with a few objectional words ("hell", "damn"). It was aired during "A Month of Miyazaki." It has only aired in early morning timeslots since, and only on two occasions. It has been suggested that this article be split into articles entitled List of television rating systems, TV Parental Guidelines, Media content rating in country and Television content rating in country. ... For the former television channel in the United Kingdom of the same name, see Toonami (UK). ...

Contents

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