NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Edmund Allenby

Note: This article is about the military usage of the word marshal. For other usages, see the end of this article. A Marshal or Field Marshal (sometimes incorrectly spelled Marshall) (French: mar chal, Chinese: shuai (Chinese Traditional: 元帥), Dutch: Veldmaarschalk, German: Feldmarschall, Portuguese: marechal, Spanish: mariscal, Persian بز... Field Marshal Edmund Henry Hynman Allenby, 1st Viscount Allenby ( April 23 is the 113th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (114th in leap years). There are 252 days remaining. Events 215 BC - A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at Lake Trasum. AD 303 - Saint George is... April 23, 1861 is a common year starting on Tuesday. Events January January 1 - Benito Juárez captures Mexico City January 2 - Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia dies and is succeeded by Wilhelm I January 3 - American Civil War: Delaware votes not to secede from the United States January 9 - Mississippi... 1861 - May 14 is the 134th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (135th in leap years). There are 231 days remaining. Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the de facto ruler of England. 1483 - Coronation of Charles VIII... May 14, 1936 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). Events January-February January 15 -- The first building to be completely covered in glass is completed in Toledo, Ohio, for the Owens-Illinois Glass Company. January 20 - Death of George V of the United Kingdom. His... 1936) was a The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a country in western Europe, and a member of the British Commonwealth and European Union. Usually known simply as the United Kingdom, UK or, inaccurately, as Great Britain or Britain, the UK has four constituent parts. Three of these parts... British soldier most famous for his role during Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. Battle aftermath. Remains of the Chateau Wood World War I, also known as the First World War, the Great War, the War of the Nations, and the War to End All Wars, was a world conflict occurring from 1914 to... World War I, in which he led the Egyptian Expeditionary Force in the conquest of The term Palestine may refer to: Palestine: A geographical region in the Middle East, centered on Jerusalem. It is claimed by Palestinians and (under the name Eretz Israel) Jews as their ancestral home. The West Bank and the Gaza Strip, sometimes collectively referred to as the Palestinian territories The Palestinian... Palestine and The Syrian Arab Republic is a country in the Middle East, bordering (from south to north) on Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, Iraq and Turkey. The borders with Israel and Turkey are subject to dispute, pending the resolution of outstanding conflicts over possession of the Golan Heights and the region of Iskenderun... Syria in 1917 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). Events January-February President Woodrow Wilson of the United States announces to Congress the breaking of diplomatic relations with Germany January 2 - The Royal Bank of Canada takes over Quebec Bank. January 22 - World War I: President Woodrow... 1917 and 1918 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). Events January-February January 8 - President Woodrow Wilson announces his Fourteen Points for the aftermath of World War I. January 24 - a decree of the Council of Peoples Commissars, introducing the Gregorian calendar in Russia since February... 1918.

Official public photo of General Edmund Allenby. File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. Click on date to download the file or see the image uploaded on that date. (del) (cur) 18:43, 11 May 2004 . . IZAK...

Edmund Henry Hynman Allenby, 1st Viscount Allenby

Early years and active service

Born in Brackenhurst, Nottinghamshire (abbreviated Notts) is an English county in the East Midlands, which borders South Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, Leicestershire and Derbyshire. The districts of Nottinghamshire are Ashfield, Bassetlaw, Broxtowe, Gedling, Mansfield, Newark and Sherwood, and Rushcliffe. The City of Nottingham was part of Nottinghamshire until 1998 but is now a Unitary authority... Nottinghamshire, Allenby was educated at Haileybury College is an English public school founded in 1862. It is a modern co-educational boarding school welcoming pupils at 11+, 13+ and 16+. History The school is located at Hertford Heath, near Hertford, 20 miles from London in rural countryside on a site occupied until 1858 by the... Haileybury College. He had no great desire to be a soldier, and tried to enter the Indian Civil Service, failing the entry exam twice. In 1880, he sat the exam for the Royal Military College at Sandhurst is the name of several villages in the UK, the most famous being the one in Berkshire near Camberley. It is the location of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst (often referred to simply as Sandhurst). Other Sandhursts may be found in Gloucestershire and Kent. Categories: Stub | Towns in Berkshire... Sandhurst and came fifth out of one-hundred and ten applicants. After ten months at Sandhurst, he passed out twelfth and was commissioned into the 6th Inniskilling Dragoons in Events January - April January 16-24 ? Siege of Geok Tepe ? Russian troops under general Skobeleff defeat Turkomans January 25 - Thomas Edison and Alexander Graham Bell form the Oriental Telephone Company February 5 - Phoenix, Arizona is incorporated. February 13 - First issue of the feminist newspaper La Citoyenne is published... 1881.

In 1882 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). Events February 2 - The Knights of Columbus are formed in New Haven, Connecticut February 7 - In Mississippi City the last heavyweight boxing championship bareknuckle fight takes place. February 14 - Llanelli Conservative Association founded. March 2 – Robert Maclean... 1882, he joined his regiment in South Africa, and served in the The Bechuanaland Protectorate (BP) was a protectorate established in 1885 by Britain in the area of what is now Botswana. Bechuanaland meant the country of the Bechuana (now written Batswana or Tswana). The southern part of the territory of Bechuanaland was divided into British Bechuanaland, a colony which later bacame... Bechuanaland Expedition of 1884 is a leap year starting on Tuesday (click on link to calendar). Events January 4 - The Fabian Society is founded in London. February 1 - Edition one of the Oxford English Dictionary is published. March 13 - The siege of Khartoum, Sudan begins (ends on January 26, 1885). April 22 - Colchester... 1884- 1885 is a common year starting on Thursday. Events January January 4 - The first successful appendectomy is performed by Dr. William W. Grant on Mary Gartside. January 20 - L.A. Thompson patents the roller coaster. January 26 - Troops loyal to the Mahdi conquer Khartoum February February 5 - King Leopold II... 1885 on patrol duties, and then in Zululand was the Zulu-dominated area of what is now northern KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. Zululand stretches from the Tugela River in the South to Pongola River in the north. History In 1816 Shaka acceded to the Zulu throne. Within a year he had conquered the neighboring clans, and... Zululand in 1888 is a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). In Germany, 1888 is known as the 1888 Year of Three Emperors. Events January 3 - 91cm telescope first used at Lick Observatory January 12 ? Blizzards in Dakota and Montana, Minnesota, Nebraska and Texas - 235 dead, many... 1888. In Events January-April January 8 - Herman Hollerith receives a patent for his electric tabulating machine January 22 - Columbia Phonograph is formed in Washington, DC. February 11 - Japan adopted; 1st Diet convenes in 1890 January 30 ? Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria and his mistress Marie Vetsera commit a double suicide... 1889, as a Captain is both a nautical term and a military rank. The word came to English via French from the Latin capitaneus (chief) which is itself derived from the Latin word for head (caput). The term has different meanings both at sea and in the military. Confusion between the three types... captain, he was made the In the military, an adjutant is a regimental staff officer, who assists the colonel, or commanding officer of a garrison or regiment, in the details of regimental and garrison duty. In United States Army squadrons, the adjutant is often the officer_in_charge (OIC) of the administrative platoon. In the British Army... adjutant of the regiment, responsible for the turnout, discipline and routine of the unit and soon gained a reputation for strictness. He returned to Britain in Events January 2 - Alice Sanger becomes the first female staffer for the U.S. White House. January 25 - The United Mine Workers of America is founded. January 25 - Nellie Bly completes her round-the-world journey in 72 days. March 1 - Léon Bourgeois succeeds Ernest Constans as French Minister... 1890 with his unit, which was posted to Location within the British Isles. Brighton in East Sussex is one of the largest and most famous seaside resorts in England. Brighton and Hove form a single conurbation but Brightons lively atmosphere is a direct contrast to its near neighbour which has quieter and more refined character. The two... Brighton, during which time the regiment was confined to training and other routine duties. In Events January 1 - Japan accepts the Gregorian calendar January 2 - Introduction by Webb C. Ball of the General Railroad Timepiece Standards in North America: Railroad chronometers January 13 - The UK has its first meeting. January 17 - American sugar planters overthrow the government of Queen Liliuokalani of Hawaii February 1 - Thomas... 1893, Allenby’s time as Adjutant of the regiment came to an end, and in 1894 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). Events January 7 - W.K. Dickson receives a patent for motion picture film. January 8 - A fire at the Worlds Columbian Exposition in Chicago causes a good deal of damage. January 9 - New England Telephone and Telegraph... 1894 he sat – and failed – the entry exam for the Staff College in Camberley is a town in Surrey, England about 29 miles to the south_west of London. Camberley can be reached by the A30, the M3 motorway and by train from London Waterloo station. There are small airports nearby at Blackbushe and Farnborough. Immediately surrounding towns and villages include Bagshot, Deepcut, Farnborough... Camberley. Not deterred, he sat the exam again the next year and passed in twenty-first place, being the only cavalryman to enter the College by competition and the first officer from his regiment ever to do so. On the same day, Captain Field Marshal Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig ( June 19, 1861 - January 28, 1928) was a British soldier and senior commander during World War I. He had independent wealth: his family manufactured Haig & Haig whisky. Field Marshal Lord Haig Born in Edinburgh, Haig attended Clifton College and studied at Brasenose... Douglas Haig of the 7th Hussars also entered the Staff College, albeit not by taking an exam, thus beginning a rivalry between the two that was to run until the Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. Battle aftermath. Remains of the Chateau Wood World War I, also known as the First World War, the Great War, the War of the Nations, and the War to End All Wars, was a world conflict occurring from 1914 to... First World War. Different in character, Haig and Allenby both worked hard at Staff College, although the latter was more popular with fellow officers, even being made Master of the Draghounds. Whereas Haig had few interests outside military affairs, Allenby had already developed a passion for poetry, ornithology, travel and botany. His Staff College assessment read as follows:

Before leaving Staff College in Events January 1 - Brooklyn, New York merges with New York City. January 4 - A British force is ambushed by Chief Ologbosheri, son-in-law of the Oba of Benin. This leads to a Punitive Expedition against Benin. February 2 - Harrisburg, the Pennsylvania state capitol, is destroyed by fire. February 18... 1897, he was promoted to For non-military meanings, see major (disambiguation). Insignia of a United States Air Force Major In the US Army, Air Force, Marine Corps and the British Army, a major is a commissioned officer superior to a captain and inferior to a lieutenant colonel. The equivalent rank in the US Navy... Major and had also married Miss Mabel Chapman, the daughter of a Wiltshire landowner. In 1898 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). Events January January 1 - New York City annexes land from surrounding counties, creating the City of Greater New York. The city is geographically divided into five boroughs: Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, The Bronx, and Staten Island. January 13 - Emile... 1898, Allenby joined the 3rd An army unit consisting of mounted soldiers are commonly known as cavalry. Cavalry fight from the backs of their mounts, which most often are horses or camels. Infantry travelling by horse and fighting on foot are instead known as dragoons. Modern cavalry units are generally not mounted on horseback (save... Cavalry Brigade is a term from military science which refers to a group of several battalions (typically two to four), and directly attached supporting units (normally including at least an artillery battery and additional logistic support). A brigade is smaller than a division and roughly equal to or a little larger... Brigade, then serving in A true colour image of Ireland, captured by a NASA satellite on January 4, 2003. Scotland, the Isle of Man and Wales are visible to the east. Ireland is located west of the European landmass, which is part of the continent of Eurasia. Ireland (Éire in Irish) is the... Ireland as the Brigade-Major.

Boer War

At the outbreak of the Boer guerrillas during the Second Boer War There were two Boer wars, one in December 16, 1880- March 23, 1881 and the second from October 11, 1899- May 31, 1902 both between the British and the settlers of Dutch origin (called Boere, Afrikaners or Voortrekkers) in South Africa that put... Boer War, Allenby was returned to his regiment, and the Inniskillings were embarked at Queenstown before landing at The central area of Cape Town as seen from Table Mountain. Cape Town and Table Mountain - Landsat Image over SRTM Elevation. [1] Cape Town ( Afrikaans: Kaapstad; Xhosa: eKapa or SaseKapa) is the third most populous city in South Africa. It is the legislative capital of South Africa, as well as... Cape Town, The Republic of South Africa (pronunciation) is a large republic in Southern Africa. It is located at the southern tip of the continent, and borders Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and Swaziland. The small nation of Lesotho is entirely contained within South African territory. Its economy is the largest and most... South Africa on December 11 is the 345th day (346th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 20 days remaining. Events 1205 - John Grey, Bishop of Norwich, elected Archbishop of Canterbury 1792 - King Louis XVI of France goes on trial for treason 1816 - Indiana becomes the 19th U... 11 December 1899 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). Events January January 1 - End of Spanish rule in Cuba. January 1 - Queens and Staten Island merge with New York City. January 3 - The first known use of the word automobile, in an editorial in the New York... 1899 during the ‘Black Week’ in which the The British Army is the land armed forces of the United Kingdom. It numbers 99,400 fully trained and professional regulars (as of April 2004). In contrast to the Royal Navy and the Royal Air Force, the British Army does not include royal in its title, because of its roots... British Army suffered reverses at Colenso is a town in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. It was established in 1855 at a ford on the Tugela River. It was named after the Anglican bishop of Natal and champion of the Zulu cause, John William Colenso. The first major battle of the Anglo-Boer War was... Colenso, The Magersfontein battlefield is a site of the Battle of Magersfontein, part of the Boer War in South Africa. At the battle of Magersfontein on December 11, 1899 General P A Cronjé and his Boer troops defeated the English.asfdasfdasfdasdfasfasasadsfasdadsasdada The battlefield is located south of Kimberley, Northern Cape Province... Magersfontein and Stormberg. Allenby was made second in command of the Inniskillings and sent to Naauwpoort Junction to join Insignia of a United States Air Force Major General German Generalmajor Insignia Major General is a military rank used in many countries. It is derived from the older rank of Sergeant Major General. A major general is a high-ranking officer subordinate to a full General. In the United States... Major-General John French has been the name of two famous soldiers: Field Marshal John Denton Pinkstone French, 1st Earl of Ypres was the commander of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) in World War I, during 1914-15. Corporal John Alexander French of the Australian Army, who won a posthumous Victoria Cross... John French’s Cavalry Division. In defending the northern frontier of the Cape, French’s division employed harassing tactics and threatened the flanks and rear of the Boers whilst not committing his force to a large scale operation. During this time Allenby gained a reputation for being a bold commander, having been given command of a squadron of cavalry, a role which suited Allenby more than second in command of the regiment. In one demonstration near Colesberg on January 14 is the 14th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 351 days remaining (352 in leap years). Celebrated as New Years Day by those still following the Julian calendar. Events 1301 - Andrew III of Hungary dies, ending the Arpad dynasty in Hungary. 1501 - Martin... 14 January 1900 is a common year starting on Monday. Events January January 1 - Nigeria becomes a British protectorate January 2 - John Hay announces the Open Door Policy to promote trade with China. January 2 - Chicago Canal opens. January 5 - Irish leader John Edward Redmond calls for a revolt against British rule... 1900, Allenby commanded two squadrons, two companies of mounted infantry and a section of artillery in penetrating Boer lines, shelling a bridge and avoiding an attempt by the enemy to cut his force off. Having suffered no casualties, Allenby’s force returned having taken several prisoners. In February is the second month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. It is the shortest Gregorian month and the only month with the length of 28 or 29 days. The month has 29 days in leap years, when the year number (eg 2004) is a multiple of four (but... February 1900 is a common year starting on Monday. Events January January 1 - Nigeria becomes a British protectorate January 2 - John Hay announces the Open Door Policy to promote trade with China. January 2 - Chicago Canal opens. January 5 - Irish leader John Edward Redmond calls for a revolt against British rule... 1900, the Cavalry Division executed a daring outflanking manoeuvre at Modder River, in which Allenby’s squadron took part. This led to the relief of Kimberley is a town in South Africa, and the capital of the Northern Cape. It uses Kimberley Airport. History In 1866, Erasmus Jacobs found a small white pebble on the banks of the Orange River, on the farm De Kalk, near Hopetown. The pebble turned out to be a 21... Kimberley, which had been besieged by the Boers since the war’s outset. At Kimberley, Allenby resumed his acquaintance with Cecil John Rhodes (July 5, 1853 - March 26, 1902) was a British imperialist and the effective founder of the state of Rhodesia (since 1980 known as Zimbabwe), named after himself. He profited greatly from southern Africas natural resources. England Cecil John Rhodes was the fifth son of Francis William... Cecil Rhodes, who entertained him to dinner and sent several supplies to his squadron. Later in the month, Allenby’s squadron partook in the encirclement and capture of General Piet Arnoldus Cronje (1840?-4 February 1911) was a leader of the Zuid Afrika Republics military forces during the Anglo-Boer wars. Born in Transvaal, Cronje made his reputation in the First Boer War, beseiging the British garrison at Potchefstroom. He had a distinctive appearance, being short with... Piet Cronje’s force east of Kimberley. In For alternative meanings, see March (disambiguation). March is the third month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. March begins (astrologically, non-sidereal) with the sun in the sign of Pisces and ends in the sign of Aries... March 1900 is a common year starting on Monday. Events January January 1 - Nigeria becomes a British protectorate January 2 - John Hay announces the Open Door Policy to promote trade with China. January 2 - Chicago Canal opens. January 5 - Irish leader John Edward Redmond calls for a revolt against British rule... 1900, Allenby’s squadron led the final charge on Bloemfontein ( fountain of flowers), is one of South Africas three capital cities serving as the judicial capital (Pretoria being the executive capital and Cape Town the legislative capital). It also serves as the capital of the Free State province. The citys Sesotho name is Mangaung, which means the... Bloemfontein and was successful in seizing a number of kopjes to the south of the city. A month later, the commander of the Inniskillings was invalided home, and Allenby given temporary command of the regiment, during which it mostly undertook convoy duty. Johannesburgs skyline as seen from the observation deck of the Carlton Centre. Johannesburg is the most populous city in South Africa and the second most populous city in Sub-Saharan Africa, behind Lagos. Local residents refer to the city as Joburg or Jozi. The Zulu name for the... Johannesburg was occupied on May 31 is the 151st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (152nd in leap years). There are 214 days remaining. Events 1500-1899 1578 - Martin Frobisher sails from Harwich, England, destined to mine fools gold at Frobisher Bay, which is used to pave streets in London. 1779... 31 May, and in June, during the advance on Pretoria is one of South Africas three capital cities, serving as the executive (administrative) capital; it is situated in the province of Gauteng. (Cape Town is the legislative capital and Bloemfontein the judicial capital.) It is a cosmopolitan city situated in the transitional area between the Highveld and the... Pretoria, Allenby engaged a party of Boers at Kalkheuvel Pass after the Cavalry Division was ambushed. After the capture of Pretoria, and during Note: This article is about the military usage of the word marshal. For other usages, see the end of this article. A Marshal or Field Marshal (sometimes incorrectly spelled Marshall) (French: mar chal, Chinese: shuai (Chinese Traditional: 元帥), Dutch: Veldmaarschalk, German: Feldmarschall, Portuguese: marechal, Spanish: mariscal, Persian بز... Field Marshal Frederick Sleigh Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts of Kandahar, Pretoria and Waterford, VC, KG, KP, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCIE, PC (September 30, 1832 - November 14, 1914) was a distinguished British soldier and one of the most successful commanders of the Victorian era. Born at Cawnpore, India, the son of General Sir... Lord Roberts’ push eastwards, the Inniskillings were active around the town of Middelburg in which a thinly held line was maintained for more than three weeks against an active enemy. Subsequently, Allenby led the Inniskillings in the advance on Barberton, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa (latitude 25°47S, longitude 31°03E) is situated in the De Kaap Valley and is surrounded by the Mckhonjwa Mountains. It is 45 km south of Nelspruit and 360 to the east of Johannesburg. History Prehistoric The area around Barberton are home to... Barberton and engaged the Boers at Lake Chrissie, during which the Cavalry Division was continually engaged by the Boers in Eastern Flag of Transvaal The Transvaal was one of the provinces of South Africa from 1910 until 1994. The province no longer exists, and its territory now forms all, or part of, the provinces of Gauteng, North West, Limpopo and Mpumalanga. History The Transvaal region is known to have been inhabited... Transvaal. The Cavalry Division was broken up into several smaller columns, and Allenby received the command of one of these in January 1901 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). Events January-March January 1 - World celebrates what is regarded as the start of the new century. ( Zero-ists argument that new century should be celebrated in 1900 rejected worldwide). January 1 - The British colonies of New South... 1901.

The column period of the war lasted for eighteen months and took place across the Transvaal, the Flag of the Orange Free State The Orange Free State (Afrikaans: Oranje Vrystaat) was the historical precursor to the present day Free State province of the Republic of South Africa. The current province, extending between the Orange and Vaal rivers, was established as a free state by Boers after their... Orange Free State, Natal is a former British colony, and a South African province. It is now called the KwaZulu-Natal Province. Natal is also a city in Northeastern Brazil. It is the capital of Rio Grande do Norte state. Its current population is 712,317 (2000 census). This is a disambiguation page... Natal and the Map of European presence in 1652 The Cape Colony was a part of South Africa under British occupation during the 19th century. It stretched from the Atlantic Ocean eastwards: the final eastern boundary, after several wars against the Xhosa, stood at the Fish River. In the north, the Orange River... Cape Colony – an area equal to Germany, France and Holland combined. The tactics of mobile riflemen excelled due to the lack of railways metalled roads, and the vastness of the area of operations. Ultimately, Allenby’s column never suffered a reverse or lost a convoy during this period of the war – a fate that befell most column commanders at least once up to the end of the war. Allenby was daring and vigorous in pursuit of the enemy, no doubt helped by his considerable physical fitness. The column under his command varied, although it usually consisted of two regiments, a battery of Horse Artillery, a long-range gun and half a battalion of infantry. This force was usually engaged in wearisome tasks entailing hard marching, outpost work during the evening and little prospect of seeing the enemy. In early 1901 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). Events January-March January 1 - World celebrates what is regarded as the start of the new century. ( Zero-ists argument that new century should be celebrated in 1900 rejected worldwide). January 1 - The British colonies of New South... 1901, the column operated alongside others under the command of French in the Eastern Transvaal in operations against Louis Botha Louis Botha (1862-1919) was an Afrikaaner and first Prime Minister of the modern South African state, then called the Union of South Africa. He became a member of the parliament of Transvaal in 1897, representing the district of Vryheid. Two years later he was made a general... Louis Botha. In the Spring, the column operated near the Swaziland border, in which heavy rain ensured that movement by men and horses was difficult, testing the resolve of the column commander and his men alike. During the weeks approaching summer, the column headed north to operate near Middelburg and then spent many months operating in Western Transvaal around the Magaliesburg hill range. His letters home to his wife began to include notable criticisms of superior officers and generals with ‘no more brains or backbone than a bran doll’. Allenby’s column was promised a rest but soon found itself in Natal and then by October, operating around Zululand was the Zulu-dominated area of what is now northern KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. Zululand stretches from the Tugela River in the South to Pongola River in the north. History In 1816 Shaka acceded to the Zulu throne. Within a year he had conquered the neighboring clans, and... Zululand. Allenby asked Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener of Khartoum (June 24, 1850 - June 5, 1916) was a British Field Marshal and statesman. Kitchener was born in County Kerry, Ireland. Educated in Switzerland and at the Royal Military Academy, he offered to fight with the French in the Franco-Prussian War before... Lord Kitchener, commanding in South Africa, to rest his weary column, and was duly promised a fortnight’s rest. However, Allenby’s column was called to assist another British Army column that had suffered a considerable reverse at Bakenlaagte, and it spent the remainder of 1901 in Eastern Transvaal.

Towards the end of 1901, Allenby went down with Negatively stained flu virions. These were the causative agent of the Hong Kong Flu pandemic. Influenza (or as it is commonly known, the flu or the grippe) is a contagious disease caused by an RNA virus of the orthomyxoviridae family. It rapidly spreads around the world in seasonal epidemics, imposing... influenza and spent ten days’ leave in Durban is a vibrant cosmopolitian city in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. It is also known by Zulu-speakers as eThekwini, the meaning of which is unclear (guesses range from lagoon to the one-testicled one. A number of towns including Durban have joined together to form eThekwini / Durban Metro... Durban. Having been engaged in continual warfare in the field for two years, without holiday or accommodation, he was showing considerable signs of strain, and was joined in South Africa by his wife. She arrived in May Events January-April January 28 - The Carnegie Institution is founded in Washington, DC with a $10 million gift from Andrew Carnegie. France, Loisys Lévangile et lEglise which inaugurates the Modernist Crisis February 11 - Police beat up universal suffrage demonstrators in Brussels. February 15 – Berlin underground opened... 1902, after Allenby’s column was engaged in combat in the Transvaal and north of the Orange River Colony. On May 31 is the 151st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (152nd in leap years). There are 214 days remaining. Events 1500-1899 1578 - Martin Frobisher sails from Harwich, England, destined to mine fools gold at Frobisher Bay, which is used to pave streets in London. 1779... 31 May Events January-April January 28 - The Carnegie Institution is founded in Washington, DC with a $10 million gift from Andrew Carnegie. France, Loisys Lévangile et lEglise which inaugurates the Modernist Crisis February 11 - Police beat up universal suffrage demonstrators in Brussels. February 15 – Berlin underground opened... 1902, the Peace of Vereeniging was declared, formally ending the war. Allenby had showed himself to be gallant, dedicated, hard-working and resourceful in command who earned the plaudits of both Roberts and Kitchener. Along with other notable column commanders, Haig, Herbert Onslow Plumer (1857-1932) was a British colonial official and soldier. After suring in Sudan and South Africa he was commander of the Second Army in Flanders during World War I, during which he won an overwhelming victory over the German Army at the Battle of Messines in 1917... Herbert Plumer and Julian Hedworth George Byng, 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy (September 11, 1862 - June 6, 1935) was commander of the Canadian army in World War I, and later became Governor General of Canada. Early Life Julian Byng studied at Eton College, and then began a military career in which he saw... Julian Byng, Allenby was marked for future promotion, ending the war as a A Colonel is also a non-military honorary title awarded by some U.S. Southern states. Colonel is a military rank, usually the highest below general grades, and just above Lieutenant Colonel. The word is pronounced similarly to kernel, perhaps from the Spanish form coronel. In the US military, a... Colonel.

Interwar Years

He returned to Britain in Events January-April January 28 - The Carnegie Institution is founded in Washington, DC with a $10 million gift from Andrew Carnegie. France, Loisys Lévangile et lEglise which inaugurates the Modernist Crisis February 11 - Police beat up universal suffrage demonstrators in Brussels. February 15 – Berlin underground opened... 1902, being placed in command of the The 5th Royal Irish Lancers was a regiment of the British army formed in 1689 as Owen Wynnes Dragoons. They fought in the Battle of the Boyne and at the Battle of Aughrim under Ireland and were active during the Irish Rebellion of 1798. However, they were accused of... 5th Royal Irish Lancers and was stationed in England until 1905 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). Events January-April January 22 - Massacre of Russian demonstrators at the Winter Palace in Saint Petersburg, one of the triggers of the abortive Russian Revolution of 1905. January 26 - The Cullinan Diamond is found near Pretoria, South Africa... 1905. Promoted to A Brigadier General, or one-star general, is the lowest rank of general officer in the United States and some other countries, ranking just above Colonel and just below Major General. The rank is equivalent to the US Navy rank Rear Admiral (lower half), formerly and still in many other... Brigadier-General, Allenby moved to This article is about the town in England. For other towns with the same name, see Colchester (disambiguation). Colchester is an historical town in the north of the English county of Essex, with a population of about 160,000. It is the main town in the borough of Colchester, and... Colchester to assume command of the 4th Cavalry Brigade. In 1909 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). Events January – March January 16 - Ernest Shackletons expedition finds the magnetic South Pole. January 28 - United States troops leave Cuba after being there since the Spanish-American War. February 12 - The National Association for the Advancement... 1909, aged 48, he was promoted again to the rank of Insignia of a United States Air Force Major General German Generalmajor Insignia Major General is a military rank used in many countries. It is derived from the older rank of Sergeant Major General. A major general is a high-ranking officer subordinate to a full General. In the United States... Major-General – due to his extensive cavalry experience, was appointed In the United States, an Inspector General is a type of investigator charged with examining the actions of a government agency or military organization as a general auditor of their operations to ensure they are operating in compliance with general established policies of the government, to audit the effectiveness of... Inspector-General of Cavalry in 1910, with headquarters at Horse Guards is also a large building on Whitehall, at the eastern end of Horse Guards Parade. It was once the headquarters of the whole British Army and is now the headquarters of its London District. Horse Guards is always guarded by troopers of the Household Cavalry, both mounted and... Horse Guards, London. Allenby became Inspector-General at a difficult time – the Boer War and The Russo-Japanese War ( 1904- 1905) was a conflict that grew out of the rival imperialist ambitions of Imperial Russia and Japan in Manchuria and Korea. It resulted in a surprise victory for Japan, establishing Japan as a major world power. Russian 500 pound shell bursting near the Japanese siege... Russo-Japanese War had assisted the growth of two differing outlooks regarding the role of cavalry in modern war. Whilst one side favoured shock action and had faith in the effectiveness of the sword and lance, the opposite contended that the cavalry’s future lay in serving as Mounted Infantry were a soldiers who rode horses instead of marching, but actually fought on foot with muskets or rifles. The original dragoons were essentially mounted infantry. With the invention of accurate and quick firing repeating rifles in the middle of the 19th Century, cavalry started to become increasingly vulnerable... mounted infantry. Allenby chose to steer a middle path, in which the importance of firepower was emphasised through the introduction of the machine gun and the training of cavalrymen in infantry tactics, whilst the alternative of relying on shock action where necessary was kept open. Having studied the geography of Northern The French Republic or France ( French: République française or France) is a country whose metropolitan territory is located in western Europe, and which is further made up of a collection of overseas islands and territories located in other continents. France is a democracy organised as a... France, and attended the manoeuvres of the French cavalry, Allenby highlighted the importance of the cavalry in retreat, recognising its ability to provide cover for the withdrawing infantry. With mounting responsibilities, the amiable element in Allenby’s character publicly waned, ensuring that he was disliked by many subordinate officers and the cavalry’s rank and file. His inspections were brisk and his manner abrupt. Furthermore, Allenby’s pedantry for presentation was keenly felt by those cavalrymen under inspection. These somewhat repellent traits and Allenby’s physical stature led others to refer to him as 'The Bull'.

World War I

Western Front

During Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. Battle aftermath. Remains of the Chateau Wood World War I, also known as the First World War, the Great War, the War of the Nations, and the War to End All Wars, was a world conflict occurring from 1914 to... World War I he initially served on the Categories: Historical stubs | World War I ... Western Front. At the outbreak of war he was made commander of a An army unit consisting of mounted soldiers are commonly known as cavalry. Cavalry fight from the backs of their mounts, which most often are horses or camels. Infantry travelling by horse and fighting on foot are instead known as dragoons. Modern cavalry units are generally not mounted on horseback (save... cavalry This article is about the arithmetic operation. For other uses, see Division (disambiguation). In mathematics, especially in elementary arithmetic, division is an arithmetic operation which is the reverse operation of multiplication, and sometimes it can be interpreted as repeated subtraction. Specifically, if a × b = c, where b is not... division and distinguished himself when his unit covered the retreat after the The Battle of Mons was the British Expeditionary Forces first major combat of the First World War. The BEF had advanced into Belgium on the left of the French Fifth Army and took up position on a 20 mile front along the Mons-Cond Canal on August 22. When... Battle of Mons. He was rewarded by being made commander of the The British Expeditionary Force (BEF) was the British army sent to Belgium in World War I and British Forces in Europe from 1939 - 1940 during World War II. The BEF was established by Secretary of State for War Richard Haldane following the Boer War in case Britain ever needed to... BEF Cavalry This article is about a military unit. For alternate meanings see Corps (disambiguation). A corps (a word that immigrated from the French language, but originating in the Latin corpus, corporis meaning body; plural same as singular) is a large military unit or formation. In many armies, it refers to a... Corps. In 1915 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). Events January 12 - The Rocky Mountain National Park is established by an act of the U.S. Congress. January 12 - United States House of Representatives rejects proposal to give women the right to vote. January 13 – An... 1915 he commanded V Corps during the The Second Battle of Ypres was the first time Germany used chemical weapons on a large scale on the Western Front in World War I. The Second Battle of Ypres consisted of four separate battles: The Battle of Gravenstafel - 22nd to 23rd April 1915 The Battle of St Julien - 24th... Second Battle of Ypres and in October he took charge of the The British Third Army was a British Army unit. World War I In World War I the British Third Army fought on the Western Front, in France. The battles it took part in included: Battle of Cambrai Second Battle of Arras (April 1917) Battle of Amiens (August 1918) Commanders General... British Third Army. However at the The Battle of Arras took place from 9 April to 16 May 1917. It was fought by the British ( First Army under Allenby, Third Army under Horne, Fifth Army under Gough) under the supreme command of General Haig against the heavily fortified line held by German Sixth and Second Armies... Battle of Arras, his forces failed to exploit a breakthrough and he was replaced by Julian Hedworth George Byng, 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy (September 11, 1862 - June 6, 1935) was commander of the Canadian army in World War I, and later became Governor General of Canada. Early Life Julian Byng studied at Eton College, and then began a military career in which he saw... Julian Byng on June 9 is the 160th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (161st in leap years), with 205 days remaining. Events 68 - Roman Emperor Nero commits suicide, imploring his secretary Epaphroditus to slit his throat to evade a Senate-imposed death by flogging. 1534 - Jacques Cartier is the first... June 9.

Egypt and Palestine

Allenby was sent to The Arab Republic of Egypt, commonly known as Egypt, (in Arabic: مصر, romanized Mişr or Maşr, in Egyptian dialect) is a republic mostly located in northeastern Africa. Covering an area of about 1,020,000 km², it includes the Sinai Peninsula (considered part of... Egypt to be made Commander-in-Chief (in NATO-lingo often C-in-C or CINC pronounced sink) is the commander of all the military forces within a particular region or of all the military forces of a state. While well-known Commanders-in-Chief often have been senior generals, many countries have the... commander-in-chief of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF) on June 27 is the 178th day of the year (179th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 187 days remaining. Events 1700-1899 1709 - Peter the Great defeats Charles XII of Sweden at the Battle of Poltava. 1759 - General James Wolfe starts siege of Quebec. 1844 - Joseph Smith, Jr... June 27, 1917 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). Events January-February President Woodrow Wilson of the United States announces to Congress the breaking of diplomatic relations with Germany January 2 - The Royal Bank of Canada takes over Quebec Bank. January 22 - World War I: President Woodrow... 1917, replacing Sir Archibald Murray. One of Allenby's first moves was to support the efforts of Thomas Edward Lawrence (August 16, 1888 – May 19, 1935), also known as Lawrence of Arabia, and (apparently, among his Arab allies) Aurens or El Aurens, became famous for his role as a British liaison officer during the Arab Revolt of 1916–1918. His fame as a soldier was... T. E. Lawrence amongst the Arabs with £200,000 a month. Having reorganised his regular forces Allenby won the Third Battle of Gaza Conflict First World War Date 31 October–7 November 1917 Place Gaza, southern Palestine Result Allied victory The Third Battle of Gaza was fought in 1917 in southern Palestine during World War I. The British forces under the command of General Edmund Allenby successfully broke... Third Battle of Gaza (October 31 - November 7, 1917) by surprising the defenders with an attack at Beersheba or Beer Sheva ( Hebrew באר שבע; Arabic بئر السبع Biʾr as-Sabʿ) is a city in Israel. It is the largest city of the Negev desert, and often known as the Capital of the Negev... Beersheba.

Famous public photo of dismounted General Sir Edmund Allenby entering the Holy City of Jerusalem on foot 1917. The copyright status of this vintage image is undetermined; it may still be copyrighted. The individual who uploaded this work and first used it in an article, and subsequent persons who place...

The victorious General Allenby dismounted, enters Jerusalem on foot out of respect for the Holy City, December 11, 1917

His force pushed on towards Jerusalem ( Modern Hebrew: יְרוּשָׁלַיִם Yerushaláyim, Biblical and trad. Sephardi Hebrew: יְרוּשָׁלַםִ, Arabic: القدس al-Quds, see also names of Jerusalem) is... Jerusalem, the The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power Imperial motto El Muzaffer Daima The Ever Victorious (as written in tugra) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital İstanbul ( Constantinople/Asitane/Konstantiniyye ) Sovereigns Sultans of the Osmanli Dynasty Population ca 40 million Area 12+ million km² Establishment 1299 Dissolution October... Ottomans were beaten at Junction Station (November 13-15) and Jerusalem was captured on December 9 is the 343rd day (344th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 22 days remaining. Events 1793 - New York Citys first daily newspaper, the American Minerva, is established by Noah Webster 1824 - Battle of Ayacucho - Peru defeats Spain 1835 - The Army of... December 9, 1917 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). Events January-February President Woodrow Wilson of the United States announces to Congress the breaking of diplomatic relations with Germany January 2 - The Royal Bank of Canada takes over Quebec Bank. January 22 - World War I: President Woodrow... 1917.

Honouring Jerusalem on foot

Although he was a supreme master of cavalry horse warfare, before entering Jerusalem, Allenby dismounted and together with his officers, entered the city on foot through the Jaffa Gate out of his great respect for the status of Jerusalem as the Holy City important to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam (see his proclamation of Martial law is the system of rules that takes effect (usually after a formal declaration) when a particular situation requires that a military authority take control of the normal administration of justice (and usually of the whole state). Martial law is instituted most often when it becomes necessary to favour... martial law below). He subsequently stated in his official report:

Middle East victory

The German offensive on the Western Front meant that Allenby was without reinforcements and after his forces failed to capture Location of Amman Amman (Arabic عمان ʿAmmān), the capital of the Kingdom of Jordan, is a city of more than 1.2 million inhabitants, and is the commercial, industrial and administrative centre of Jordan. History Amman had throughout history several civilizations that inhabited it... Amman in March and April 1918 he halted the offensive. New troops from the Empire (specifically Australia, New Zealand, India and South Africa) led to the resumption of operations in August 1918. Following an extended series of deceptive moves the Ottoman line was broken at the Battle of Megiddo Conflict First World War Date September 19- 21, 1918 Place Megiddo, Palestine Result British victory The Battle of Megiddo of September 19- 21, 1918, was an important milestone in British General Edmund Allenbys conquest of Palestine during World War I. His forces made a massive push... Battle of Megiddo (September 19-21, 1918) and the Allied cavalry passed through and blocked the Turkish retreat. The EEF then advanced at an enormous rate, encountering minimal resistance, This is about Damascus, the capital of Syria. There is also a Damascus, Maryland, a Damascus, Oregon, a Damascus, Pennsylvania, and a Damascus, Virginia. Damascus (Arabic: دمشق Dimašq, Dimašq al-Šam, al-Šam; Tiberian Hebrew דַּמֶּ... Damascus fell on October 1 is the 274th day of the year (275th in Leap years). There are 91 days remaining. Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Arbela 959 - Edgar the Peaceable becomes king of all England 965 - John XIII becomes Pope 1701 - Matthieu... October 1st, Homs (also Himş, Arabic, حمص, population 700,000) is an ancient city in Syria, dating back to 2300 B.C.. In Roman times it was known as Emesa. The Krak des Chevaliers is built on this mountain gap. It also is home to the Tomb of Khaled... Homs on October 16 is the 289th day of the year (290th in Leap years). There are 76 days remaining. Events 400-1899 456 - Magister militum Ricimer defeats the Roman Emperor Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the western Roman Empire 1775 - Portland, Maine burned by the British 1781 - George Washington... October 16, and Aleppo is also the name of two townships in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. See: Aleppo Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania and Aleppo Township, Greene County, Pennsylvania. Aleppo (حلب Arabic Ḥalab; חלב Tiberian Hebrew Ḥālāḇ (modern or Ivrit Hebrew Xalav): both... Aleppo on October 25 is the 298th day of the year (299th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 67 days remaining. Events 732 - Battle of Tours: Near Poitiers, France, leader of the Franks Charles Martel and his men, defeat a large army of Moors, stopping the Muslims from spreading into... October 25. Turkey capitulated on October 30 is the 303rd day of the year (304th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 62 days remaining. Events 1400-1899 1470 - Henry VI of England returns to the throne after Earl of Warwick defeats Yorkists in battle. 1831 - In Southampton County, Virginia, escaped slave Nat Turner... October 30, 1918 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). Events January-February January 8 - President Woodrow Wilson announces his Fourteen Points for the aftermath of World War I. January 24 - a decree of the Council of Peoples Commissars, introducing the Gregorian calendar in Russia since February... 1918.

Promotions

Allenby was made a Note: This article is about the military usage of the word marshal. For other usages, see the end of this article. A Marshal or Field Marshal (sometimes incorrectly spelled Marshall) (French: mar chal, Chinese: shuai (Chinese Traditional: 元帥), Dutch: Veldmaarschalk, German: Feldmarschall, Portuguese: marechal, Spanish: mariscal, Persian بز... Field Marshal in 1919 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). Events January January 1 - Iolaire sinking disaster January 1 - Edsel Ford succeeds his father as head of the Ford Motor Company January 5 - Spartacist uprising - Socialist demonstrations in Berlin turn into attempted communist revolution January 9 - Spartacus revolutionary... 1919 and on August 6 is the 218th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (219th in leap years), with 147 days remaining. Events 1806 - Francis II, the last Holy Roman Emperor, abdicates, thus ending the Holy Roman Empire. 1825 - Bolivia gains independence from Peru. 1861 - British annexation of Lagos, Nigeria. 1862... August 6 of that year was created Viscount Allenby, of Megiddo is the English designation for an important ancient settlement and city site in the Jezreel Valley of northern Israel, known alternatively as Tel Megiddo (Hebrew) and Tell es-Mutesellim (Arabic). Located strategically at the crossroads of several major routes, Megiddo and its environs have been the location for several... Megiddo and of Felixstowe is a North Sea seaport in Suffolk, England. There was a village there since before the Norman conquest, but it only became a major port in 1886. In addition to shipping, tourism increased, and a pier was constructed in 1905.Indeed, during the late Victorian period (after circa 1880... Felixstowe in the This article is about the English county. For other uses, see Suffolk (disambiguation). Suffolk (pronounced suffuk) is a large, low-lying county in East Anglia in eastern England. It has borders with Norfolk to the north, Cambridgeshire to the west and Essex to the south. The North Sea lies to... County of Suffolk. He remained in the A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. The Middle East is a... Middle East as A High Commissioner is a person serving in a special executive capacity. Commonwealth In the Commonwealth of Nations, a High Commissioner is the senior diplomatic envoy of one Commonwealth Government another. As many Commonwealth members share the same head of state (Queen Elizabeth II), Commonwealth diplomatic relations are technically at... High Commissioner for The Arab Republic of Egypt, commonly known as Egypt, (in Arabic: مصر, romanized Mişr or Maşr, in Egyptian dialect) is a republic mostly located in northeastern Africa. Covering an area of about 1,020,000 km², it includes the Sinai Peninsula (considered part of... Egypt and the Foreign relations Main article: Foreign relations of Sudan Sudan has a territorial dispute with Egypt over the Halaib Triangle. States Main article: States of Sudan Sudan has 26 states or wilayat: Al Jazirah, Al Qadarif, Bahr al Jabal, Blue Nile, East Equatoria, Junqali, Kassala, Khartoum, Lakes, North Bahr al... Sudan until Events January-May January 3 - Benito Mussolini announces he is taking dictatorial powers over Italy. January 5 - Nellie Tayloe Ross becomes the first female governor in the United States. January 21 - Albania declares itself a republic January 30 - Government of Turkey throws Patriarch Constantine VI out of Istanbul February 1... 1925 and he was instrumental in the creation of sovereign Egypt.

Jerusalem proclamation

Sir Edmund Allenby's official proclamation of martial law following the fall of Jerusalem, December 9 is the 343rd day (344th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 22 days remaining. Events 1793 - New York Citys first daily newspaper, the American Minerva, is established by Noah Webster 1824 - Battle of Ayacucho - Peru defeats Spain 1835 - The Army of... December 9, 1917 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). Events January-February President Woodrow Wilson of the United States announces to Congress the breaking of diplomatic relations with Germany January 2 - The Royal Bank of Canada takes over Quebec Bank. January 22 - World War I: President Woodrow... 1917:

(Source: Source Records of the Great War, Vol. V, ed. Charles F. Horne, National Alumni 1923)

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