Rt Hon Sir Edmund Barton
1st Prime Minister of Australia Elections: 1901
In office 1 January 1901 – 24 September 1903
Deputy	Alfred Deakin
Preceded by	None
Succeeded by	Alfred Deakin
Constituency	Hunter (New South Wales)
Puisne Justice of the High Court of Australia
In office 5 October 1903 – 7 January 1920
Preceded by	none
Succeeded by	Sir Hayden Starke
Born	18 January 1849(1849-01-18) Glebe, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Died	7 January 1920 (aged 70) Medlow Bath, New South Wales, Australia
Political party	Protectionist

Sir Edmund Barton, GCMG, QC (18 January 1849 – 7 January 1920), Australian politician and judge, was the first Prime Minister of Australia and a founding justice of the High Court of Australia. This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... The Prime Minister of Australia is the head of government of the Commonwealth of Australia, holding office on commission from the Governor-General. ... Federal elections for the inaugural Parliament of Australia were held in Australia on March 29 and March 30, 1901 following Federation and the establishment of the Commonwealth of Australia. ... is the 1st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... is the 267th day of the year (268th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1903 (MCMIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ... Alfred William Deakin (3 August 1856 – 7 October 1919), Australian politician, was a leader of the movement for Australian federation and later second Prime Minister of Australia. ... The Division of Hunter is an Australian Electoral Division in the state of New South Wales. ... NSW redirects here. ... The composition of the High Court in 1952, before the retirement of Chief Justice Latham. ... For other uses, see 5th October (Serbia). ... is the 7th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Hon Sir Hayden Erskine Starke KCMG (1871 – 1958), Australian judge, was a justice of the High Court of Australia. ... is the 18th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1849 (MDCCCXLIX) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... The Glebe market Glebe is an inner-city suburb of Sydney. ... This article is about the metropolitan area in Australia. ... NSW redirects here. ... is the 7th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Medlow Bath is a small town located near the highest point of the Blue Mountains, between Katoomba and Blackheath. ... The Protectionist Party was a political party in Australia from the 1880s until 1909. ... On the Orders insignia, St Michael is often depicted subduing Satan. ... For information about The Times satire Queens Counsel, see Queens Counsel (comic strip). ... is the 18th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1849 (MDCCCXLIX) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 7th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Prime Minister of Australia is the head of government of the Commonwealth of Australia, holding office on commission from the Governor-General. ... High Court entrance The High Court of Australia is the final court of appeal in Australia, the highest court in the Australian court hierarchy. ...

Barton's greatest contribution to Australian history was his management of the federation movement through the 1890s. Elected at the inaugural 1901 federal election, Barton resigned from the position of Prime Minister of Australia in 1903 and became a judge of Australia's High Court. The 1890s were sometimes referred to as the Mauve Decade, because William Henry Perkins aniline dye allowed the widespread use of that colour in fashion, and also as the Gay Nineties, under the then-current usage of the word gay which referred simply to merriment and frivolity, with no... Federal elections for the inaugural Parliament of Australia were held in Australia on March 29 and March 30, 1901 following Federation and the establishment of the Commonwealth of Australia. ...

Early life

Barton aged 17

He was born in the suburb of Glebe, the ninth child of William Barton, a stockbroker, and Mary Louise Barton. He was educated at Fort Street High School and Sydney Grammar School, where he was twice dux and School Captain and met his life-long friend and later fellow Justice of the High Court of Australia, Richard O'Connor. He graduated with first class honours and the University Medal in classics from the University of Sydney, where he also demonstrated considerable skill at batting (but not in fielding) at cricket. Barton became a barrister in 1871. On a cricket trip to Newcastle in 1870, he met Jane Mason Ross, whom he married in 1877.^[1] Image File history File links Size of this preview: 490 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (518 × 633 pixels, file size: 30 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Transwiki approved by: w:en:User:Anetode This image was copied from wikipedia:en. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 490 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (518 × 633 pixels, file size: 30 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Transwiki approved by: w:en:User:Anetode This image was copied from wikipedia:en. ... The Glebe market Glebe is an inner-city suburb of Sydney. ... Fort Street High School is a coeducational, academically selective high school currently located in Petersham, Sydney, Australia. ... Sydney Grammar School (colloquially known as Grammar)[4] is an independent, secular, selective day school for boys, located in Darlinghurst, Edgecliff and St Ives, all suburbs of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. ... The Misspeling of Ducks ... School Captain is a student elected, or appointed, to represent the school. ... The composition of the High Court in 1952, before the retirement of Chief Justice Latham. ... Official portrait of OConnor, circa 1910. ... A University Medal is an award given by Australian Universities to a handful of the top final-year Honours undergraduates each year. ... The University of Sydney, established in Sydney in 1850, is the oldest university in Australia. ... This article is about the sport. ... This article is about the metropolitan area in Australia. ...

In 1879, Barton umpired a cricket game at Sydney Cricket Ground between New South Wales and an English touring side captained by Lord Harris. After a controversial decision by Barton's fellow umpire, the crowd spilled onto the pitch, leading to international cricket's first riot. The publicity that attended the young Barton's presence of mind in defusing that situation reputedly helped him take his first step towards becoming Australia's first prime minister, winning a state lower house seat later that year.^[2] An umpire in cricket (from the Old French Nompere meaning not equal, i. ... The Sydney Cricket Ground (SCG) (, ) is a cricket stadium in Sydney. ... George Robert Canning Harris, 4th Baron Harris (born St Annes, Trinidad 3 February 1851, died 24 March 1932) was a British politician and cricket player. ... The Sydney Riot of 1879 was one of the earliest riots at an international cricket match. ...

State politics

Barton aged 23

In 1876 Barton stood for the Legislative Assembly in the poll of the graduates of the University of Sydney (who were required to wear gowns for the occasion), but was beaten by William Charles Windeyer 49 votes to 43.^[3] He was defeated again for the same seat in 1877, but won in August 1879. When it was abolished in 1880, he became the member for Wellington, from November 1880 to 1882, and East Sydney, from November 1882 to January 1887. At this stage he considered it "almost unnecessary" to point out his support for free trade.^[1] In 1882, he became Speaker of the Assembly and, in 1884, was elected President of the University of Sydney Union. In 1887, Barton was appointed to the Legislative Council at the instigation of Sir Henry Parkes.^[4] In January 1889, he agreed to being appointed Attorney General in George Dibbs's Protectionist government, despite his previous support for free trade. This government only lasted until March, when Parkes formed government again.^[5] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The Legislative Assembly, or lower house, is one of the two chambers of the parliament of New South Wales in Australia. ... University of Sydney was a former electoral district for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from 1876 to 1880. ... Sir William Charles Windeyer (29 September 1834 – 11 September 1897) was an Australian politician and judge. ... Wellington was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales, created in 1859 and named after and including Wellington. ... East Sydney was a former electoral district for the Legislative Assembly in the Australian State of New South Wales from 1859 to 1894, in the inner eastern suburban of Sydney. ... Orientation Week at the University of Sydney is organised by the Union. ... The Legislative Council, or upper house, is one of the two chambers of the parliament of New South Wales in Australia. ... Sir Henry Parkes Sir Henry Parkes GCMG, (27 May 1815 – 27 April 1896) was an Australian politician, also called the Father of Federation because he was the one who started Federation for Australians and is at least considered the most prominent among the Australian Founding Fathers. ... Sir George Richard Dibbs KCMG (Born Sydney, October 12, 1834; died Hunters Hill, August 5, 1904) was an Australian politician who was Premier of New South Wales on three occasions. ... The Protectionist Party was a political party in Australia from the 1880s until 1909. ...

Campaign for federation

Barton aged 34

Image File history File links Size of this preview: 391 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (551 × 845 pixel, file size: 42 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)Edmund Barton, 1883 1means the typographical arrangement and layout of a published work. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 391 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (551 × 845 pixel, file size: 42 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)Edmund Barton, 1883 1means the typographical arrangement and layout of a published work. ...

1891 National Australasian Convention

Edmund Barton was an early supporter of federation, which became a serious political agenda after Henry Parkes' Tenterfield Oration, and was a delegate to the March 1891 National Australasian Convention. At the convention he made clear his support for the principle that "trade and intercourse … shall be absolutely free" in a federal Australia. He also advocated that, not just the lower house, but the upper house should be representative and that appeals to the Privy Council should be abolished. He also took part in producing a draft constitution, which was substantially similar to the Australian Constitution enacted in 1900.^[1] The Federation of Australia was the process by which the six separate British colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia federated on 1 January 1901, to form the Commonwealth of Australia, of which they became component states. ... Sir Henry Parkes Sir Henry Parkes GCMG, (27 May 1815 – 27 April 1896) was an Australian politician, also called the Father of Federation because he was the one who started Federation for Australians and is at least considered the most prominent among the Australian Founding Fathers. ... The Tenterfield Oration was a speech given by Sir Henry Parkes at the Tenterfield School of Arts, New South Wales, Australia on 24 October 1889 advocating the Federation of the six Australian colonies, which were at the time self-governed but under the distant central authority of the British Colonial... The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council is one of the highest courts in the United Kingdom. ... The Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 (in full, An Act to constitute the Commonwealth of Australia) is the primary constitutional text of the Commonwealth of Australia. ...

Nevertheless, the protectionists were lukewarm supporters of federation and in June 1891, Barton resigned from the Council and stood for election to East Sydney and announced that "so long as Protection meant a Ministry of enemies to Federation, they would get no vote from him". He topped the poll and subsequently voted with Parkes, but refused to take a position in his minority government. After the Labor Party withdrew support and the government fell in October 1891, Parkes persuaded him to take over the leadership of the Federal movement in New South Wales.^[1] ALP redirects here. ...

Attorney General for the second time

Dibbs formed a Protectionist government and Barton agreed to be Attorney General with the right of carry out private practice as a lawyer. His agreement was based on Dibbs agreeing to support federal resolutions in the coming parliamentary session. His attempt to draft the federal resolutions was delayed by a period as acting premier, when he had to deal with the 1892 Broken Hill miners strike, and his carriage of a complex electoral reform bill. He introduced the federal resolutions into the House on 22 November 1892 but was unable to get them considered in committee. Meanwhile, he began a campaign to spread support for federation to the people with meetings in Corowa and Albury in December 1892. Although, he finally managed to get the federal resolutions considered in committee in October 1893, he then could not get them listed for debate by the House. In December, he and Richard O'Connor, the Minister for Justice, were questioned about their agreement to act as private lawyers against the government in Proudfoot v. the Railway Commissioners. While Barton resigned the brief, he lost a motion on the right of ministers to act in their professional capacity as lawyers in actions against the government, and immediately resigned as Attorney General.^[1] The Protectionist Party was a political party in Australia from the 1880s until 1909. ... Before the 1890s, there was no formal party system in New South Wales. ... Broken Hill Post Office Broken Hill is an isolated mining city and Local Government Area (see City of Broken Hill) in the far west of outback New South Wales, Australia, with a population of 21,000. ... is the 326th day of the year (327th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1892 (MDCCCXCII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Corowa (35°59′ S 146°23′ E) is a town in the state of New South Wales in Australia. ... Albury is a city in New South Wales, Australia, located on the Hume Highway on the Northern side of the Murray River. ... Official portrait of OConnor, circa 1910. ...

In July 1894, Barton stood for re-election for Randwick (the multi-member electorate of East Sydney had been abolished) and lost. He did not stand for election in the 1895 elections, because of the need to support his large family during a period when parliamentarians were not paid. However, he continued to campaign for federation and during the period between January 1893 to February 1897, Barton addressed nearly 300 meetings in New South Wales,^[6] including in the Sydney suburb of Ashfield where he declared that "For the first time in history, we have a nation for a continent and a continent for a nation". By March 1897 he was considered "the acknowledged leader of the federal movement in all Australia".^[1] Randwick was an Australian electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales, originally created with the abolition of multi-member constituencies in 1894 from part of Paddington, along with Waverley and Woollahra. ... Ashfield (pop. ...

Australasian Federal Convention and referenda

In 1897 Edmund Barton topped the poll of the delegates elected from New South Wales to the Constitutional Convention which developed a constitution for the proposed federation. Although Sir Samuel Griffith wrote most of the text of the Constitution, Barton was the political leader who carried it through the Convention.^[1][4] In Australian history, the term Constitutional Convention refers to five distinct gatherings. ... Sir Samuel Griffith Sir Samuel Walker Griffith (June 21, 1845 - August 9, 1920), Australian politician and judge, was the principal author of the Constitution of Australia. ...

In May 1897 Barton was appointed for the second time to the Legislative Council on Reid's recommendations to take charge of the federation bill in the Upper House. This gave Reid's Attorney General, John Henry Want a free hand to oppose the bill. In September 1897 the convention met in Sydney to consider 286 proposed amendments from the colonies. It finalised its draft constitution in March 1898 and Barton went back to New South Wales to lead the campaign for a yes vote in the June referendum. Although it gained majority support, it only achieved 71,595 of the minimum 80,000 required to pass.^[1] John Henry Want (4 May 1846 – 22 November) was an Australian barrister and politician, attorney-general in New South Wales. ...

In July 1898 Barton resigned from the Upper House to stand against Reid for election to the Legislative Assembly, but narrowly lost. In September, he won a by-election for Hastings and Macleay and was immediately elected leader of the opposition, which consisted of a mixture of pro-federation and anti-federation protectionists. In January 1899 Reid gained significant concessions from the other states and he joined Barton in campaigning for the second referendum in June 1899, with Barton campaigned all over the state. It passed 107,420 votes to 82,741.^[1][5] Hastings was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales from 1859 to 1880. ...

In August 1899 when it became clear that the Labor Party could be maneuvered into bringing down the Reid Government, Barton resigned as leader of the opposition, as he was unacceptable to Labor, and William Lyne took his place. He refused an offer to become Attorney General again. He resigned from Parliament in February 1900 so that he could travel to London with Alfred Deakin and Charles Kingston to explain the federation bill to the British Government. The British Government was adamant in its opposition to the abolition of appeals to the Privy Council as incorporated in the draft constitution—eventually Barton agreed that constitutional (inter se) matters would be finalised in the High Court, but other matters could be appealed to the Privy Council.^[1] ALP redirects here. ... Sir William Lyne Sir William John Lyne (6 April 1844 - 3 August 1913), Australian politician, was Premier of New South Wales and a member of the first federal ministry. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Alfred William Deakin (3 August 1856 – 7 October 1919), Australian politician, was a leader of the movement for Australian federation and later second Prime Minister of Australia. ... Charles Kingston (standing, second from right) as a member of the first federal Cabinet, January 1901 Charles Cameron Kingston, (October 22, 1850 - May 11, 1908) Australian politician, was Premier of South Australia and a member of the first Federal Parliament. ... The United Kingdom is a unitary state and a democratic constitutional monarchy. ... Inter se is a legal latin phrase meaning between or amongst themselves. For example: The constitutional documents of a company constitute a contract between the company and its shareholders, and between the shareholders inter se. ... High Court entrance The High Court of Australia is the final court of appeal in Australia, the highest court in the Australian court hierarchy. ...

First Prime Minister

Photo in 1898 of the future 1st Prime Minister of Australia Edmund Barton aged 49 and 2nd Prime Minister of Australia Alfred Deakin

The first and second Prime Ministers of Australia, Edmund Barton and Alfred Deakin, amongst the 1901 cabinet

Few people doubted that Barton, as the leading federalist in the oldest state, deserved to be the first Prime Minister of the new federation. But the newly arrived Governor-General, Lord Hopetoun, instead invited Sir William Lyne, the premier of New South Wales, to form a government. Since no federal Parliament had yet been established, the usual convention of appointing the leader of the largest party in the lower house could not and did not apply. Hopetoun's decision, known as the Hopetoun Blunder, can be defended on grounds that Lyne had seniority, but as an opponent of federation Lyne was unacceptable to prominent federalists such as Deakin, who refused to serve under him. After tense negotiations Barton was appointed Prime Minister and a ministry was formed.^[1][4] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Alfred William Deakin (3 August 1856 – 7 October 1919), Australian politician, was a leader of the movement for Australian federation and later second Prime Minister of Australia. ... The Barton Ministry This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... The Barton Ministry This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... The Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia is the representative of Queen Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia. ... Missing image Lord Linlithgow John Adrian Louis Hope, 1st Marquess of Linlithgow, 7th Earl of Hopetoun (25 September 1860 - 29 February 1908), first Governor-General of Australia, was born at Queensferry, Linlithgowshire, Scotland, on 25 September 1860, the eldest son of the sixth Earl of Hopetoun. ... Sir William Lyne Sir William John Lyne (6 April 1844 - 3 August 1913), Australian politician, was Premier of New South Wales and a member of the first federal ministry. ... The Hopetoun Blunder was a political and constitutional crisis immediately prior to the Federation of the British colonies in Australia. ...

The main task of Barton's ministry was to organise the conduct of the first federal elections, which were held in March 1901. His government consisted of himself as Prime Minister and Minister for External Affairs, George Turner as Treasurer, Alfred Deakin as Attorney General, John Forrest as Minister for Defence, William Lyne as Minister for Home Affairs, Charles Kingston as Minister for Trade, Customs and James Drake as Post-Master General, Richard O'Connor as Vice-President of the Executive Council and Elliott Lewis as minister without portfolio. Barton was elected unopposed to the seat of Hunter in the new Parliament and his Protectionist Party won enough seats to form a government with the support of the Labor Party. All his ministers were elected, except for Elliott Lewis, who did not stand for election and was replaced by Sir Philip Fysh.^[1] Barton Ministry Protectionist Party 1 January 1901 to 24 September 1903 Rt Hon Edmund Barton, KC MP: Prime Minister and Minister for External Affairs Hon Alfred Deakin, MP: Attorney-General Hon Sir William Lyne, KCMG MP: Minister for Home Affairs (to 11 August 1903), Minister for Trade and Customs (from... A prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. ... Sir George Turner (8 August 1851 - 12 August 1916), Australian politician, was Premier of Victoria and a member of the first federal ministry. ... Alfred William Deakin (3 August 1856 – 7 October 1919), Australian politician, was a leader of the movement for Australian federation and later second Prime Minister of Australia. ... John Forrest, 1898 John Forrest, 1st Baron Forrest of Bunbury GCMG PC (22 August 1847–2 September 1918) was an Australian explorer, the first Premier of Western Australia and a cabinet minister in Australias first federal parliament. ... Sir William Lyne Sir William John Lyne (6 April 1844 - 3 August 1913), Australian politician, was Premier of New South Wales and a member of the first federal ministry. ... Charles Kingston (standing, second from right) as a member of the first federal Cabinet, January 1901 Charles Cameron Kingston, (October 22, 1850 - May 11, 1908) Australian politician, was Premier of South Australia and a member of the first Federal Parliament. ... James George Drake (26 April 1850 - 2 August 1915), Australian politician, was a member of the first federal ministry. ... Richard Edward OConnor (1851 - 18 November 1912), Australian politician, was a member of the first federal ministry. ... Sir Neil Elliot Lewis (1858 - 1935), Australian politician, was Premier of Tasmania and a member of the first federal ministry. ... The Division of Hunter is an Australian Electoral Division in the state of New South Wales. ... ALP redirects here. ... Sir Philip Fysh Sir Philip Oakley Fysh (1 March 1835 - 20 December 1919), Australian politician, was Premier of Tasmania and a member of the first federal ministry. ...

The Barton government's first piece of legislation was the Immigration Restriction Act, which put the White Australia Policy into law. The Labor Party's required legislation to limit immigration from Asia as part of its agreement to support the government, although in fact Barton had promised the introduction of the White Australia Policy in his election campaign. Barton stated "The doctrine of the equality of man was never intended to apply to the equality of the Englishman and the Chinaman".^[1] One notable reform was the introduction of women's suffrage for federal elections in 1902.^[7] This badge from 1906 shows the use of the expression White Australia at that time While there was never any specific official policy called the White Australia policy, this is the term used for a collection of historical legislation and policies which either intentionally or unintentionally restricted non-white immigration... Year 1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

For much of 1902 Barton was in England for the coronation of King Edward VII. This trip was also used to negotiate the replacement of the naval agreements between the Australian colonies and the United Kingdom (under which Australia funded Royal Navy protection from foreign naval threats) by an agreement between the Commonwealth and the United Kingdom.^[1] Deakin disliked this arrangement and discontinued it and moved to substantially expand Australia's own navy in 1908.^[8] Year 1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... Edward VII (Albert Edward; 9 November 1841 – 6 May 1910) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, of the British Dominions beyond the Seas, and Emperor of India from 22 January 1901 until his death on 6 May 1910. ... This article is about the navy of the United Kingdom. ... The Royal Australian Navy (RAN) is the naval branch of the Australian Defence Force. ...

Barton was a moderate conservative, and advanced liberals in his party disliked his relaxed attitude to political life. A large, handsome, jovial man, he was fond of long dinners and good wine and was given the nickname "Toby Tosspot"^[9] by The Bulletin. In September 1903, Barton left Parliament to become one of the founding justices of the High Court of Australia. He was succeeded as Prime Minister by Deakin on 24 September. The Bulletin is an Australian weekly magazine, which has been published in Sydney since 1880. ... High Court entrance The High Court of Australia is the final court of appeal in Australia, the highest court in the Australian court hierarchy. ... is the 267th day of the year (268th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Judicial career

Barton in 1903 aged 54 as second Justice of the High Court of Australia.

Barton aged 65

Bust of Edmund Barton by sculptor Wallace Anderson located in the Prime Minister's Avenue in the Ballarat Botanical Gardens

On the bench Barton was considered a good and "scrupulously impartial" judge and adopted the same position of moderate conservatism he had taken in politics. Along with his colleagues Griffith and O'Connor, he attempted to preserve the autonomy of the States and developed a doctrine of "implied immunity of instrumentalities", which prevented the States from taxing Commonwealth officers, and also prevented the Commonwealth from arbitrating industrial disputes in the States' railways. They also narrowly interpreted the Federal Government's powers in commercial and industrial matters.^[1] After 1906 Barton increasingly clashed with Isaac Isaacs and H.B. Higgins, the two advanced liberals appointed to the court by Deakin. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 414 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (691 × 1000 pixel, file size: 84 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)Edmund Barton in 1903 as Justice of the High Court of Australia. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 414 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (691 × 1000 pixel, file size: 84 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)Edmund Barton in 1903 as Justice of the High Court of Australia. ... The composition of the High Court in 1952, before the retirement of Chief Justice Latham. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 361 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (384 × 637 pixel, file size: 168 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)Sir Edmund Barton, first Prime Minister of Australia. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 361 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (384 × 637 pixel, file size: 168 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)Sir Edmund Barton, first Prime Minister of Australia. ... Sir Samuel Griffith Sir Samuel Walker Griffith (June 21, 1845 - August 9, 1920), Australian politician and judge, was the principal author of the Constitution of Australia. ... Official portrait of OConnor, circa 1910. ... 1906 (MCMVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Sir Isaac Alfred Isaacs GCB GCMG (6 August 1855–12 February 1948), Australian judge and politician, was the ninth Governor-General of Australia and the first Australian to occupy that post. ... Hon H.B. Higgins For the fictional character Henry Higgins see Pygmalion or My Fair Lady. ...

Death and family

Barton died of heart failure at the Hydro Majestic Hotel, Medlow Bath, New South Wales. He was interred in South Head General Cemetery in the Sydney suburb of Vaucluse (see Waverley Cemetery). He was survived by his wife and six children:^[1] Poster advertising the hotel from the 1920s Sunset from The Hydro Majestic balcony The Hydro Majestic Hotel is located in Medlow Bath, New South Wales, Australia. ... Medlow Bath is a small town located near the highest point of the Blue Mountains, between Katoomba and Blackheath. ... The Waverley Cemetery opened in 1877 and is a major cemetery at Bronte in the eastern suburbs of Sydney. ...

• Edmund Alfred (29 May 1879 - 13 November 1949), a New South Wales judge
• Wilfrid Alexander (1880–), first NSW Rhodes Scholar (1904)
• Jean Alice (1882–), married Sir David Maughan (1873–1955) in 1909
• Arnold Hubert (3 January 1884 –)
• Oswald (8 January 1888 – 6 February 1956), medical doctor
• Leila Stephanie (1892–)

is the 149th day of the year (150th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1879 (MDCCCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 317th day of the year (318th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1949 (MCMXLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Rhodes House in Oxford Rhodes Scholarships were created by Cecil John Rhodes. ... is the 3rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1884 (MDCCCLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... is the 8th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 37th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... A car from 1956 Year 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Honours

Barton refused knighthoods in 1887, 1891 and 1899, but agreed to be made a Knight Grand Cross of St Michael and St George in 1902.^[5] He received an honorary LL.D. from the University of Cambridge in 1900.^[1] On the Orders insignia, St Michael is often depicted subduing Satan. ... Doctor of Laws (Latin: Legum Doctor, LL.D) is a doctorate-level academic degree in law. ... The University of Cambridge (often Cambridge University), located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world and has a reputation as one of the most prestigious universities in the world. ...

Notes

The Dictionary of Australian Biography is a reference work containing information on notable people associated with Australian history. ... The Australian National University, or ANU, is a public university located in Canberra, Australia. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 71st day of the year (72nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The New South Wales Department of Lands is an agency of the Government of New South Wales with broad responsibilities relating to land use. ... The National Archives of Australia building on Queen Victoria Terrace in Canberra, May 2007. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 244th day of the year (245th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Parliament of New South Wales consists of the Governor of New South Wales, the New South Wales Legislative Council and the New South Wales Legislative Assembly. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 243rd day of the year (244th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Dictionary of Australian Biography, first published in 1949, is a reference work by Percival Serle containing information on notable people associated with Australian history. ... Project Gutenberg of Australia is an organisation related to Project Gutenberg. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 151st day of the year (152nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The National Archives of Australia building on Queen Victoria Terrace in Canberra, May 2007. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 245th day of the year (246th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Dictionary of Australian Biography is a reference work containing information on notable people associated with Australian history. ... The Australian National University, or ANU, is a public university located in Canberra, Australia. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 259th day of the year (260th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The National Archives of Australia building on Queen Victoria Terrace in Canberra, May 2007. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 243rd day of the year (244th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

References

• Serle, Percival (1949). "Barton, Edmund". Dictionary of Australian Biography. Sydney: Angus and Robertson. 
• Bolton, Geoffrey (2000). Edmund Barton: The One Man for the Job. St. Leonards, N.S.W: Allen and Unwin, 385. ISBN 1865084093. 
• Papers of Sir Edmund Barton / digitised and held by the National Library of Australia

The Dictionary of Australian Biography, first published in 1949, is a reference work by Percival Serle containing information on notable people associated with Australian history. ...

See also

• George Burnett Barton, elder brother of Sir Edmund Barton.

George Burnett Barton (1836 – September 1901) was an Australian writer and academic. ... The Prime Minister of Australia is the head of government of the Commonwealth of Australia, holding office on commission from the Governor-General. ... Alfred William Deakin (3 August 1856 – 7 October 1919), Australian politician, was a leader of the movement for Australian federation and later second Prime Minister of Australia. ... R. G. Casey House, the headquarters of the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade This is a list of Australian Foreign Ministers: Note: Prior to 1970, the office was known as the Minister for External Affairs. ... Type Bicameral Houses House of Representatives Senate Speaker of the House of Representatives David Hawker, Liberal Party since 16 November 2004 President of the Senate Alan Ferguson, Liberal Party since 14 August 2007 Members 226 (150 Representatives, 76 Senators) Political groups Liberal Party ALP National Party Country Liberal Party Greens... The Division of Hunter is an Australian Electoral Division in the state of New South Wales. ...

Justices of the High Court of Australia
Chief Justices of Australia
Griffith · Knox · Isaacs · Gavan Duffy · Latham · Dixon · Barwick · Gibbs · Mason · Brennan · Gleeson
Puisne Justices
Barton · O'Connor · Higgins · Powers · Piddington · Rich · Starke · Evatt · McTiernan · Williams · Webb · Fullagar · Kitto · Taylor · Menzies · Windeyer · Owen · Walsh · Stephen · Jacobs · Murphy · Aickin · Wilson · Deane · Dawson · Toohey · Gaudron · McHugh · Gummow · Kirby · Hayne · Callinan · Heydon · Crennan · Kiefel
current Justices are in italics

The composition of the High Court in 1952, before the retirement of Chief Justice Latham. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... The Chief Justice of Australia is the senior justice of the High Court of Australia and the highest-ranking judicial officer in the Commonwealth of Australia. ... Sir Samuel Griffith Sir Samuel Walker Griffith (June 21, 1845 - August 9, 1920), Australian politician and judge, was the principal author of the Constitution of Australia. ... Sir Adrian Knox PC KCMG (born 1863, died 1932), Australian judge, was the second Chief Justice of the High Court of Australia, sitting on the bench of the High Court from 1919 to 1930. ... Sir Isaac Alfred Isaacs GCB GCMG (6 August 1855–12 February 1948), Australian judge and politician, was the ninth Governor-General of Australia and the first Australian to occupy that post. ... Sir Frank Gavan Duffy KCMG PC (born 1852, died 1936), Australian judge, was the fourth Chief Justice of the High Court of Australia, sitting on the bench of the High Court from 1913 to 1935. ... Sir John Latham KBE (born 1877, died 1964), Australian judge and politician, was the fifth Chief Justice of the High Court of Australia. ... Sir Owen Dixon, GCMG, KBE, PC (1886 - 1972), Australian judge and politician, was the sixth Chief Justice of Australia. ... Sir Garfield Edward John Barwick, AK GCMG, PC (22 June 1903 - 14 July 1997) was the Chief Justice of the High Court of Australia. ... The Right Honourable Sir Harry Talbot Gibbs, GCMG, AC, KBE (February 7, 1917 - 25 June 2005) was Chief Justice of the High Court of Australia from 1981 to 1987 after serving as a member of the High Court between 1970 and 1981. ... Sir Gerard Brennan, was born in Rockhampton, Queensland, on 22 May 1928. ... Chief Justice Murray Gleeson, Chief Justice of the High Court of Australia Anthony Murray Gleeson (30 August 1938 – ) QC AC is the Chief Justice of the High Court of Australia, the highest court in the Australian court hierarchy. ... Puisne (from Old French puisne, modern putne, later born, inferior; Lat. ... Richard Edward OConnor (1851 - 18 November 1912), Australian politician, was a member of the first federal ministry. ... Hon H.B. Higgins For the fictional character Henry Higgins see Pygmalion or My Fair Lady. ... Sir Charles Powers KCMG (8 March 1853 – 25 April 1939), Australian politician and judge, was a Justice of the High Court of Australia from 1913 to 1929. ... Albert Bathurst Piddington (9 September 1862 — 1945) was the shortest serving Justice of the High Court of Australia, never actually sitting at the bench. ... Rt Hon Sir George Edward Rich KCMG PC (3 May 1863 – 14 May 1956), Australian judge, was a justice of the High Court of Australia. ... Hon Sir Hayden Erskine Starke KCMG (1871 – 1958), Australian judge, was a justice of the High Court of Australia. ... Rt Hon Dr H.V. Evatt Dr Herbert Vere Evatt (April 30, 1894 - November 2, 1965), Australian jurist, politician and writer (generally known in his lifetime as Dr H.V. Evatt and popularly known as Doc) was born in Maitland, New South Wales, to a working-class family of Anglo... Sir Edward Aloysius McTiernan (February 16, 1892 - January 9, 1990) was an Australian jurist, lawyer and politician. ... Hon Sir Dudley Williams MC KC KBE (1889 – 1963), Australian judge, was a Justice of the High Court of Australia. ... Hon Sir William Flood Webb KBE (21 January 1887 – 11 August 1972), Australian judge, was a Justice of the High Court of Australia. ... Sir Wilfred Kelsham Fullagar, KBE, KC (16 November 1892 – 9 July 1961), Australian judge, was a Justice of the High Court of Australia. ... Rt Hon Sir Frank Walters Kitto KC KBE PC AC (30 July 1903 – 14 February 1994), Australian judge, was a Justice of the High Court of Australia. ... Rt Hon Sir Alan Russell Taylor (25 November 1901 – 3 August 1969) KC KBE PC, Australian judge, was a Justice of the High Court of Australia. ... Rt Hon Sir Douglas Ian Menzies (1907 – 29 November 1974), Australian judge, was a Justice of the High Court of Australia. ... Rt Hon Sir William John Victor Windeyer KC KBE CB DSO PC (1900 – 1987), Australian judge, soldier and educator, was a Justice of the High Court of Australia. ... Rt Hon Sir William Francis Langer Owen (21 November 1899 – 31 March 1972), Australian judge, was a Justice of the High Court of Australia. ... Rt Hon Sir Cyril Ambrose Walsh KBE PC (1909 – 28 November 1973), Australian judge, was a Justice of the High Court of Australia. ... The Rt. ... Hon Sir Kenneth Sydney Jacobs (5 October 1917 – ), Australian judge, was a Justice of the High Court of Australia. ... Hon Lionel Murphy Lionel Keith Murphy (30 August 1922 - 21 October 1986), Australian politician, was Attorney-General in the Government of Gough Whitlam, and a Justice of the High Court of Australia. ... Hon Sir Keith Arthur Aickin QC KBE (1 February 1916 – 18 June 1982), Australian judge, was a Justice of the High Court of Australia. ... Sir Ronald Wilson Sir Ronald Wilson, AC , KBE , CMG , QC , LL.M , LL.B ( 23 August 1922- 15 July 2005) was born on 23 August 1922 . ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Sir Daryl Dawson AC KBE CB (born 1933), Australian judge and naval officer, was a Justice of the High Court of Australia from 1982 to 1997. ... John Leslie Toohey - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... Mary Genevieve Gaudron (born 5 January 1943) was the first female judge of the High Court of Australia. ... Justice Michael McHugh Justice Michael Hudson McHugh (b. ... William Charles Montague Gummow (9 October 1942) AC is a Justice of the High Court of Australia, the highest court in the Australian court hierarchy. ... This article is about the Australian judge. ... Justice Kenneth Madison Hayne (1945- ) QC AC is a Judge of the High Court of Australia; the highest court in the Australian court hierarchy. ... Justice Ian David Francis Callinan (1937- ) QC AC is a Justice of the High Court of Australia; the highest court in the Australian court hierarchy. ... Justice John Dyson Heydon (1943- ) is a Justice of the High Court of Australia; the highest court in the Australian court hierarchy. ... Justice Susan Crennan (1945 – ), Australian judge, is a Judge of the Federal Court of Australia, and is scheduled to replace Justice Michael McHugh on the bench of the High Court of Australia from 1 November 2005. ... Susan Mary Kiefel QC (born 1954) is a judge of the Federal Court of Australia and nominee to the High Court of Australia, the highest court in the Australian court hierarchy. ...