Edmund Cartwright

Edward (Edmund) Cartwright (April 24, 1743 in Marnham, Nottinghamshire – October 30, 1823 in Hastings, Sussex) was an English clergyman and inventor of the power loom. He was a clergyman of the Church of England and lived at Marnham in Nottinghamshire, England. He was educated at University College, Oxford. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... April 24 is the 114th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (115th in leap years). ... // Events February 14 - Henry Pelham becomes British Prime Minister February 21 - - The premiere in London of George Frideric Handels oratorio, Samson. ... Nottinghamshire (abbreviated Notts) is an English county in the East Midlands, which borders South Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, Leicestershire and Derbyshire. ... October 30 is the 303rd day of the year (304th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 62 days remaining. ... 1823 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... For other uses, see Hastings (disambiguation). ... Sussex is a historic county in South East England corresponding roughly in area to the ancient Kingdom of Sussex. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem God Save the King (Queen) England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Unified  -  by Athelstan 967 AD  Area  -  Total 130,395 km²  50,346 sq mi  Population  -  2006 estimate... Some of the 1200 power looms at the Plevna factory building, completed in 1877, at the Finlayson & Co cotton mills in Tampere, Finland The power loom was designed in 1784 by Edward Cartwright and first built in 1785. ... The Church of England is the officially established Christian church[1] in England, and acts as the mother and senior branch of the worldwide Anglican Communion, as well as a founding member of the Porvoo Communion. ... Nottinghamshire (abbreviated Notts) is an English county in the East Midlands, which borders South Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, Leicestershire and Derbyshire. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem God Save the King (Queen) England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Unified  -  by Athelstan 967 AD  Area  -  Total 130,395 km²  50,346 sq mi  Population  -  2006 estimate... College name University College Collegium Magnae Aulae Universitatis Named after Established 1249 Sister College Trinity Hall Master Lord Butler of Brockwell JCR President Peter Surr Undergraduates 420 MCR President Monte MacDiarmid Graduates 144 Homepage Boatclub Crest of University College, Oxford University College (in full, the The Master and Fellows of...

More fortunate than his predecessors, he attacked the problem of mechanical weaving after much initial work had been done, especially that relating to mechanical spinning and the factory system, for without these no power loom could succeed. He designed the first power loom in 1784 patented it in 1785, but it proved to be valueless. In the following year, however, he patented another loom which has served as the model for later inventors to work upon. He was conscious that for a mechanically driven loom to become a commercial success, either one person would have to attend several machines, or each machine must have a greater productive capacity than one manually controlled. The thought and ingenuity bestowed by Dr Cartwright upon the realization of his ideal were remarkable. He added parts which no loom, whether worked manually or mechanically, had previously been provided with, namely, a positive let-off motion, warp and weft stop motions, and sizing the warp while the loom was in action. With this machine he commenced, at Doncaster, to manufacture fabrics, and by so doing discovered many of its shortcomings, and these he attempted to remedy: by introducing a crank and eccentrical wheels to actuate the batten differentially; by improving the picking mechanism; by a device for stopping the loom when a shuttle failed to enter a shuttle box; by preventing a shuttle from rebounding when in a box; and by stretching the cloth with temples that acted automatically. Tweed loom, Harris, 2004 Woven sheet Weaving is an ancient textile art and craft that involves placing two sets of threads or yarn made of fiber called the warp and weft of the loom and turning them into cloth. ... Model of the spinning jenny in a museum in Wuppertal, Germany The spinning jenny is a multi-spool spinning wheel. ... The factory system was a method of manufacturing adopted in England at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. ... 1784 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1785 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... WaRp. ... WEFT Champaign 90. ... Doncaster is a town in the English county of South Yorkshire, and the principal settlement of the Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster in South Yorkshire. ... The simplest shuttle is a flat, narrow piece of wood with notches on the ends to hold the weft yarn. ...

In 1792 Dr Cartwright obtained his last patent for weaving machinery; this provided the loom with multiple shuttle boxes for weaving checks and cross stripes. But all his efforts were unavailing; it became apparent that no mechanism, however perfect, could succeed so long as warps continued to be sized while a loom was stationary. His plans for sizing them while a loom was in operation, and also before being placed in a loom, both failed. Still, provided continuity of action could he attained, the position of the power loom was assured, and means for the attainment of this end were supplied in 1803, by William Radcliffe, and his assistant Thomas Johnson, by their inventions of the beam warper, and the dressing sizing machine. 1792 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1803 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... William Radcliffe is a British inventor and author of the essay Origin of the New System of Manufacture, Commonly Called Power loom Weaving. ...

In 1809 Cartwright obtained a grant of £10,000 from parliament for his invention. He also created a wool combing machine and an alcohol-driven engine. Year 1809 (MDCCCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar). ... The wool combing machine was created by Edmund Cartwright. ...

Family

• His brother, Major John Cartwright (1740–1824), was a supporter of American independence and parliamentary reform.
• His daughter Elizabeth (1780–1837) wrote novels under the pseudonym of Mrs Markham.

John Cartwright (17 September 1740 – 23 September 1824) served in the Royal Navy then joined the Nottinghamshire militia as a major. ... Mrs Markham, the pseudonym of Elizabeth Penrose (3 August 1780 – 24 January 1837) was an English writer. ...

See also

• Timeline of clothing and textiles technology

Timeline of clothing and textiles technology. ...

External links

Wikisource has original works written by or about:

Edward Cartwright

• Essay in http://www.cottontimes.co.uk/
• Arkwright and Cartwright
• http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/cartwright_edmund.shtml

This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. Image File history File links Wikisource-logo. ... The original Wikisource logo. ... Encyclopædia Britannica, the 11th edition The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911) is perhaps the most famous edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...