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Education in Poland starts at the age of 7 years of primary school (Polish szkoła podstawowa). Next is the lower secondary level consists of 3 years in gymnasium (gimnazjum), starting at the age of 13, ends with an exam. This is followed by upper secondary level, which has several alternatives, the most common being the 3 years in High School (liceum) or 4 years in technikum. Both end with a maturity examination (matura, roughly equivalent to British A-levels examination and quite similar to French baccalauréat), and may be followed by several forms of upper education, leading to licencjat or inżynier (Polish equivalents of Bachelor's degree), magister (Polish equivalent of Master's degree) and eventually doktor (Polish equivalent of Ph. D. degree). Primary or elementary education is the first years of formal, structured education that occurs during childhood. ...
A gymnasium (pronounced with or, in Swedish, as opposed to ) is a type of school providing secondary education in some parts of Europe, comparable to English Grammar Schools and U.S. High Schools. ...
Main article: Secondary education High school is a name used in some parts of the world, and particularly in North America, to describe the last segment of compulsory education. ...
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Matura (Matur, Maturità , Maturität) is the word commonly used in Austria, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Italy, Liechtenstein, Macedonia, Montenegro, Poland, Serbia, Slovenia, Switzerland and Ukraine for the final exams young adults (aged 18 or 19) take at the end of their secondary education. ...
The A-level, short for Advanced Level, is a General Certificate of Education qualification in the United Kingdom, usually taken by students in the final two years of secondary education (commonly called the Sixth Form), or in College (not to be mistaken with the college term some countries such as...
For other uses of Baccalaureate, see Baccalaureate (disambiguation). ...
A bachelors degree (Artium Baccalaureus, A.B. or B.A.) is usually an undergraduate academic degree awarded for a course or major that generally lasts for three, four, or in some cases and countries, five or six years. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
“M.S.†redirects here. ...
Doctor of Philosophy (Ph. ...
History The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth's Commission of National Education (Polish: Komisja Edukacji Narodowej) formed in 1773 counts as the first Ministry of Education in the history of mankind. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Komisja Edukacji Narodowej (KEN, Polish for Commission of National Education) was the central educational authority in Poland, created by the Sejm and king Stanisław August Poniatowski on October 14, 1773. ...
1773 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...
During partitions of Poland and Second World War, many of Poland's education was carried on in secret (see Education in Poland during World War II and Flying University). The Partitions of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (Polish: Rozbiór Polski or Rozbiory Polski; Lithuanian: Lietuvos-Lenkijos padalijimai, Belarusian: Падзелы Ð Ñчы ПаÑпалітай) took place in the 18th century and ended the existence of the sovereign Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. ...
Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ...
This article covers the topic of underground education in Poland (Polish Tajne szkolnictwo) during World War II. After the Polish defeat in the Polish Defence War of 1939 and the subsequent German occupation of most Polish territory, Poland was divided into the areas directly incorporated into the Reich and the...
Flying University (Polish: , sometimes also translated as Floating University) was the name of the secret educational underground[1] enterprise[2] that functioned from 1885 to 1905 in Warsaw, the historic Polish capital, then under the control of the Russian Empire, and was renewed in the Peoples Republic of Poland...
The education in the People's Republic of Poland had on one hand vastly improved the literacy of all students, on the other hand it some sciences (especially history and economics) have suffered from communist preference to propaganda over facts. Education in the Peoples Republic of Poland was a priority of the government, which provided primary schools, secondary schools, vocational education and universities. ...
Polish education system was reformed in 1999. Primary school was shortened from 8 to 6 years, and high school was changed from 4 year liceum into 3 year gymnasium and 3 year liceum. Year 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar). ...
Grading There are a few slightly incompatible grading systems used in the Polish education.
Lower education In the lower education the old system used up to the early 1990s was: - 2 (niedostateczna, insufficient)
- 3 (dostateczna, sufficient)
- 4 (dobra, good)
- 5 (bardzo dobra, very good)
The grades were used to rate each student's performance at the end of a school year and getting a 2 meant that the student would have to repeat the class or correct the grade by taking an additional exam (egzamin komisyjny) before a committee specially assembled for the exam. Grades 3 and higher allowed to proceed to the next class.
The grades given for individual assignments, exams etc. during the school year were based on the same scale, but allowed also intermediate grades, made by adding a plus, a minus or, in case of some teachers, a double minus, to the base grade. These "fractional" grades had no official recognition in the system of final grades, but the common practice was to base the final grade on the average of all the grades accumulated over the year. Fulfilling all the expectations usually meant a 5, with 5+ being occasionally given as an "exceeds expectations" grade.
The full scale was therefore:
- 2, 2+
- (3=), 3-, 3, 3+
- (4=), 4-, 4, 4+
- (5=), 5-, 5, (5+)
(where "=" did not mean "equals" but was a common way of writing "a double minus" by those teachers that used such grades)
In the early 1990s the system was extended by introducing new grades, 1 and 6.
- 1 (niedostateczna, insufficient)
- 2 (initially mierna, poor, later renamed dopuszczająca, passing)
- 3 (dostateczna, sufficient)
- 4 (dobra, good)
- 5 (bardzo dobra, very good)
- 6 (celująca, excellent)
In the new system, 1 is the failing grade, 2 to 5 are normal passing grades, and 6 means that the student exceeded the expectations. The system is used like the old one. Adding minuses to a 6 is extremely uncommon. The performance that is better than 5 but does not deserve a 6 is usually graded 5+.
So the full scale is:
- 1, (1+ is rare)
- (2=), 2-, 2, 2+
- (3=), 3-, 3, 3+
- (4=), 4-, 4, 4+
- (5=), 5-, 5, 5+
- 6 (6- is rare too)
Grades below the lowest official passing grades, that is 3=/3- in the old system or 2=/2- in the new one, in case of some teachers mean that an extra examination is necessary before passing the student.
Because getting a 1 (2 in the old system) in any subject means that the student has to repeat the year, including all subjects that were passed, the teachers are very reluctant to give a failing grade and usually allow some form of special examination in the last weeks of the year to correct the grade to 2 (respectively 3). For the same reason, the failing grades are usually only given in the "important" subjects (like Polish language or mathematics).
University-level education The university-level education uses a numeric system of grades from 2 to 5, with grades every 0.5. - 2.0 - failing grade
- 3.0 - lowest passing grade
- 3.5
- 4.0
- 4.5
- 5.0 - highest grade
There is no 2.5 grade. 5.5 is sometimes given as an "exceeds expectations" grade, but for all official purposes it is equivalent to 5.0. "3-" is occasionally (but very rarely) given as a "barely passing" grade, but for all official purposes it is equivalent to 3.0.
The grading is done every semester (twice a year), not once in a school year. Depending on the subject, the final grade may be based on the result of a single exam, or on the student's performance during the whole semester. In the latter case, usually a point system, not the 2-5 scale is used. The points accumulated during the semester are added and converted to a final grade according to some scale.
As a failing grade means merely having to repeat the failed subject, and can usually be corrected on a retake exam (and in some cases also on a special "committee exam"), it is used much more liberally, and it is quite common for a significant number of students to fail a class on the first attempt.
Foreign languages Students in Polish schools typically learn one or two foreign languages at schools. In 2004/05, the most popular obligatory foreign languages in upper secondary schools were [1]: In 2004/05 there were 48,684 students in schools for national minorities, most of them in German, Kashubian, Ukrainian and Belorussian. The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...
Kashubian or Cassubian (Kashubian: kaszëbsczi jãzëk, pòmòrsczi jãzëk, kaszëbskò-słowińskô mòwa) is one of the Lechitic languages, which are a group of Slavic languages. ...
Belarusian is the language of the Belarusian nation. ...
See also Education in the Peoples Republic of Poland was a priority of the government, which provided primary schools, secondary schools, vocational education and universities. ...
“GPA†redirects here. ...
Liceum Ogólnokształcące is the Polish secondary/high school. ...
This is a list of universities in Poland. ...
This article covers the topic of underground education in Poland (Polish Tajne szkolnictwo) during World War II. After the Polish defeat in the Polish Defence War of 1939 and the subsequent German occupation of most of Polish territory, Poland was divided onto the areas directly incorporated into the Reich and...
The education of Poland society was a goal of rulers as early as the 12th century. ...
References Shortcut: WP:-( Vandalism is indisputable bad-faith addition, deletion, or change to content, made in a deliberate attempt to compromise the integrity of the encyclopedia. ...
Shortcut: WP:-( Vandalism is indisputable bad-faith addition, deletion, or change to content, made in a deliberate attempt to compromise the integrity of the encyclopedia. ...
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