NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon

Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon (18 February 1609–9 December 1674) was an English historian, statesman and grandfather of two queens regnant, Mary II and Anne. February 18 is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events April 4 â€“ King of Spain signs an edit of expulsion of all moriscos from Spain April 9 â€“ Spain recognizes Dutch independence May 23 - Official ratification of the Second Charter of Virginia. ... December 9 is the 343rd day (344th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events February 19 - England and the Netherlands sign the Treaty of Westminster. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem God Save the King (Queen) England() â€“ on the European continent() â€“ in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Government Constitutional monarchy - Queen Queen Elizabeth II - Prime Minister Tony Blair MP Unification - by Athelstan 967 Area... An historian is someone who writes history, a written accounting of the past. ... Mary II (30 April 1662â€“28 December 1694) reigned as Queen of England and Ireland from 13 February 1689, and as Queen of Scots (as Mary II of Scotland) from 11 April 1689 until her death. ... Anne (6 February 1665 â€“ 1 August 1714) became Queen of England and Ireland and Queen of Scots on 8 March 1702. ...

Hyde was the third son of Henry Hyde of Dinton and Purton, Wiltshire, a member of a family for some time established at Norbury, Cheshire. He entered Magdalen Hall, Oxford, (now Hertford College, Oxford, where his portrait hangs in the hall) in 1622, having been rejected by Magdalen College, and graduated BA in 1626. Intended originally for holy orders in the Church of England, the death of two elder brothers made him his father's heir, and in 1625 he entered the Middle Temple to study law. His abilities were more conspicuous than his industry, and at the bar his time was devoted more to general reading and to the society of eminent scholars and writers than to the study of law treatises. Image File history File links WH_1st_Earl_of_Clarendon. ... Image File history File links WH_1st_Earl_of_Clarendon. ... Dinton is a village in Wiltshire, England. ... Purton is a small village with a current population of about (error on population). ... Wiltshire (abbreviated Wilts) is a large southern English county. ... Norbury is a civil parish in the Crewe and Nantwich district of the non-metropolitan county of Cheshire. ... Magdalen College (pronounced maudlin) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom. ... College name Hertford College Named after Elias de Hertford Established 1282 Sister College None Principal Dr John Landers JCR President Stephanie Johnston Undergraduates 376 Graduates 224 Homepage Boatclub Hertford College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom. ... College name Magdalen College Latin name Collegium Beatae Mariae Magdalenae Named after Mary Magdalene Established 1458 Sister college Magdalene College, Cambridge President Professor David Clary FRS JCR President Jessica Jones Undergraduates 395 MCR President Eloise Scotford Graduates 230 Location of Magdalen College within central Oxford , Homepage Boatclub Magdalen College (pronounced... Part of Middle Temple c. ... Lady Justice or Justitia is a personification of the moral force that underlies the legal system (particularly in Western art). ...

This time was not wasted. In later years Clarendon declared "next the immediate blessing and providence of God Almighty" that he "owed all the little he knew and the little good that was in him to the friendships and conversation...of the most excellent men in their several kinds that lived in that age." These included Ben Jonson, Selden, Waller, Hales, and especially Lord Falkland; and from their influence and the wide reading in which he indulged, he doubtless drew the solid learning and literary talent which afterwards distinguished him. Benjamin Jonson (circa June 11, 1572 â€“ August 6, 1637) was an English Renaissance dramatist, poet and actor. ... John Selden (December 16, 1584 - November 30, 1654) was an English jurist, legal antiquary and oriental scholar. ... Edmund Waller (March 3, 1606 â€“ October 21, 1687) was an English poet. ... Lucius Cary, 2nd Viscount Falkland (c. ...

In 1629 he married his first wife, Anne, daughter of Sir George Ayliffe of Grittenham, who died six months afterwards; and secondly, in 1634, Frances, daughter of Sir Thomas Aylesbury, Master of Requests. From this second marriage came a daughter, Anne. In 1633 he was called to the bar, and obtained quickly a good position and practice. His marriages had gained for him influential friends, and in December 1634 he was made keeper of the writs and rolls of the common pleas; while his able conduct of the petition of the London merchants against Portland earned Laud's approval. The Master of Requests was a Great Officer of State in Scotland. ... Lady Anne Hyde (March 1637 – March 31, 1671), daughter of Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon, became the first wife of James, Duke of York (the future King James II of England), and the mother of two British queens, Mary II and Anne. ... William Laud (October 7, 1573 â€“ January 10, 1645) was Archbishop of Canterbury and a fervent supporter of King Charles I of England, whom he encouraged to believe in divine right. ...

In 1640 Hyde was returned to the Short Parliament and then again in the Long Parliament, he was at first a moderate critic of King Charles I, but gradually moved over towards the royalist side, championing the Church of England and opposing the execution of the Earl of Strafford, Charles's primary advisor. Following the Grand Remonstrance of 1641, Hyde became an informal advisor to the King. The Short Parliament (April-May, 1640) of King Charles I is so called because it lasted only three weeks. ... The Long Parliament is the name of the English Parliament called by Charles I, in 1640, following the Bishops Wars. ... Charles I (19 November 1600 â€“ 30 January 1649) was King of England, King of Scotland, and King of Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. ... The Church of England is the officially established Christian church[1] in England, and acts as the mother and senior branch of the worldwide Anglican Communion, as well as a founding member of the Porvoo Communion. ... Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford in an Armour, 1639, by Sir Anthony van Dyck. ... The Grand Remonstrance was a list of 204 grievances, mostly religious, by the English Parliament against King Charles I of England during the Long Parliaments reign during the English Civil War. ...

During the Civil War, Hyde served in the King's council as Chancellor of the Exchequer, and was one of the more moderate figures in the royalist camp. By 1645 his moderation had alienated him from the King, and he was made guardian to the Prince of Wales, with whom he fled to Jersey in 1646. The Chancellor of the Exchequer is the title held by the British cabinet minister responsible for all financial matters. ... Charles II (29 May 1630 â€“ 6 February 1685) was the King of England, King of Scots, and King of Ireland from 30 January 1649 (de jure) or 29 May 1660 (de facto) until his death. ...

Hyde was not closely involved with Charles II's attempts to regain the throne in 1649 to 1651. It was during this period that Hyde began to write his great history of the Civil War. Hyde rejoined the exiled king in the latter year, and soon became his chief advisor; Charles named him Lord Chancellor in 1658. On the restoration of the monarchy in 1660, he returned to England with the King and became even closer to the royal family through the marriage of his daughter, Anne, to the king's brother James, Duke of York, the heir-presumptive. Their two daughters, Mary II and Anne would each one day reign in her own right. The Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, or Lord Chancellor and prior to the Union the Chancellor of England and the Lord Chancellor of Scotland, is a senior and important functionary in the government of the United Kingdom, and its predecessor states. ... Members of the British Royal Family This article is about the monarchy-related concept. ... Lady Anne Hyde (March 1637 – March 31, 1671), daughter of Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon, became the first wife of James, Duke of York (the future King James II of England), and the mother of two British queens, Mary II and Anne. ... James II of England/VII of Scotland (14 October 1633 â€“ 16 September 1701) became King of Scots, King of England, and King of Ireland on 6 February 1685, and Duke of Normandy on 31 December 1660. ... Mary II (30 April 1662â€“28 December 1694) reigned as Queen of England and Ireland from 13 February 1689, and as Queen of Scots (as Mary II of Scotland) from 11 April 1689 until her death. ... Anne (6 February 1665 â€“ 1 August 1714) became Queen of England and Ireland and Queen of Scots on 8 March 1702. ...

In 1660, Hyde was raised to the peerage as Baron Hyde, of Hindon in the County of Wiltshire, and the next year was created Viscount Cornbury and Earl of Clarendon. He served as Chancellor of the University of Oxford from 1660-1667. Hindon is a medium-sized village in Wiltshire, United Kingdom, 16 miles west of Salisbury and 7 miles south of Warminster. ... The University of Oxford (usually abbreviated as Oxon. ...

As Lord Chancellor, it is commonly though that Clarendon was the author of the "Clarendon Code", designed to preserve the supremacy of the Church of England. However, he was not very heavily involved with the drafting and actually disapproved of much of its content. It was merely named after him, as he was a chief minister. In the most general sense, penal is the body of laws that are enforced by the State in its own name and impose penalties for their violation, as opposed to civil law that seeks to redress private wrongs. ... The Church of England is the officially established Christian church[1] in England, and acts as the mother and senior branch of the worldwide Anglican Communion, as well as a founding member of the Porvoo Communion. ...

In 1663, the Earl of Clarendon was one of eight Lords Proprietors given title to a huge tract of land in North America which became the Province of Carolina. However, he began to fall out of favour with the king, and the military setbacks of the Second Anglo-Dutch War of 1665 to 1667 led to his downfall. Clarendon was impeached, in part, for blatant violations of habeas corpus; sending prisoners out of England to places like Jersey, and holding them there without the benefit of trial. He was impeached by the House of Commons, and forced to flee to France in November, 1667. World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ... The Carolina Colony grants Haystack of 1663 and 1665 The Province of Carolina from 1663 to 1729, was a North American British colony. ... The Royal Prince and other vessels at the Four Days Fight, 11â€“14 June 1666 by Abraham Storck depicts a battle of the Second Anglo-Dutch War. ... In common law, habeas corpus (/heÉªbiÉ™s kÉ”É¹pÉ™s/) is the name of a legal action or writ by means of which detainees can seek relief from unlawful imprisonment. ...

He spent the rest of his life in exile, working on the History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England, his classic account of the English Civil War. (The proceeds from this book's publication were instrumental in building the Clarendon Building at Oxford.) He died in Rouen on 9 December 1674. Shortly after his death, his body was returned to England, and he is buried in Westminster Abbey. The English Civil War consisted of a series of armed conflicts and political machinations that took place between Parliamentarians (known as Roundheads) and Royalists (known as Cavaliers) between 1642 and 1651. ... The Clarendon Building in Oxford, England, stands in the ceremonial center of the University of Oxford, near the Bodleian Library and the Sheldonian Theatre. ... Rouen Cathedral The entrance to Rouen Cathedral The Church of Jean dArc Abbey church of Saint-Ouen, (chevet) in Rouen Rouen, medieval house Rue St-Romain on a rainy day in Rouen Rouen (pronounced in French, sometimes also ) is the historical capital city of Normandy, in northwestern France on... December 9 is the 343rd day (344th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events February 19 - England and the Netherlands sign the Treaty of Westminster. ... The Collegiate Church of St Peter, Westminster, which is almost always referred to by its original name of Westminster Abbey, is a mainly Gothic church, on the scale of a cathedral (and indeed often mistaken for one), in Westminster, London, just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. ...

Clarendon's sons, Henry Hyde, 2nd Earl of Clarendon, and Lawrence Hyde, Earl of Rochester, were major political figures in their own right. Clarendon's two cousins, Richard Rigby, Secretary of Jamaica and his son, Richard Rigby, Secretary of Ireland and Paymaster of the Army, were also successful politicians in the succeeding generations. Henry Hyde, (1638-1709), was the son of Edward Hyde, the 1st Earl of Clarendon, and his wife Frances Aylesbury. ... Laurence Hyde, 1st Earl of Rochester (March, 1641 - May 2, 1711), was an English statesman and writer. ...

His daughter Lady Anne Hyde married the future James VII of Scotland and II of England, and was the mother of two queens regnant - Mary II of England and Anne of England Lady Anne Hyde (1637 - March 31, 1671), daughter of Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon, became the first wife of James, Duke of York (the future King James II of England), and the mother of two British queens, Mary II and Anne. ... James VII and II (14 October 1633â€“16 September 1701) became King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 6 February 1685. ... Mary II (30 April 1662â€“28 December 1694) reigned as Queen of England and Ireland from 13 February 1689, and as Queen of Scots (as Mary II of Scotland) from 11 April 1689 until her death. ... Anne Queen of Great Britain and Ireland Anne (6 February 1665–1 August 1714), became Queen of England and Scotland on 8 March 1702. ...

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Chancellors of the Exchequer

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Project Gutenberg, abbreviated as PG, is a volunteer effort to digitize, archive, and distribute cultural works. ... Henry Cary, 4th Viscount Falkland (1634 â€“ April 2, 1663) was a Scottish nobleman and Member of the Parliament of England; the son of Lucius Cary, 2nd Viscount Falkland. ... This is an incomplete list of people who have served as Lord Lieutenant of Oxfordshire. ... John Colepeper, 1st Baron Colepeper (d. ... The Chancellor of the Exchequer is the title held by the British cabinet minister responsible for all financial matters. ... A rough picture of Lord Anthony Ashley Cooper Lord Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury (July 22, 1621 â€“ January 21, 1683) was a prominent English politician of the Interregnum and during the reign of King Charles II. Cooper, born in the county of Dorset, suffered the death of both... Sir Edward Herbert (c. ... The Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, or Lord Chancellor and prior to the Union the Chancellor of England and the Lord Chancellor of Scotland, is a senior and important functionary in the government of the United Kingdom, and its predecessor states. ... Sir Orlando Bridgeman, 1st Baronet (30 January 1608 or 1609 â€“ 25 June 1674) was an English common law jurist, lawyer, and politician. ... Francis Cottington, 1st Baron Cottington (ca. ... Lord High Treasurers and Commissioners of the Treasury of England and later the Kingdom of Great Britain, 1126-1714 c. ... Thomas Wriothesley, 4th Earl of Southampton (1607 - 16 May 1667), styled Lord Wriothesley before 1624, was a 17th century English statesman, a staunch supporter of Charles II who would rise to the position of Lord High Treasurer after the English Restoration. ... The Peerage of England comprises all peerages created in the Kingdom of England before the Act of Union in 1707. ... The title Earl of Clarendon was created in 1776 for the politician and diplomat Thomas Villiers, second son of William Villiers, 2nd Earl of Jersey. ... Henry Hyde, (1638-1709), was the son of Edward Hyde, the 1st Earl of Clarendon, and his wife Frances Aylesbury. ... The title Earl of Clarendon was created in 1776 for the politician and diplomat Thomas Villiers, second son of William Villiers, 2nd Earl of Jersey. ... The Chancellor of the Exchequer is the title held by the British cabinet minister responsible for all financial matters. ... John Baker was the first Chancellor of the Exchequer. ... Sir Walter Mildmay was Chancellor of the Exchequer under Queen Elizabeth I of England. ... Sir John Fortescue of Salden (c. ... George Home, 1st Earl of Dunbar, Knight of the Garter (died 1612). ... Sir Julius Caesar (1557/58 - 18 April 1636), was an English judge and politician. ... 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Sir John Ernle (1620 â€“1697) was Chancellor of the Exchequer of England from May 2, 1676 - April 9, 1689. ... Henry Booth (January 13, 1651—January 2, 1694) was the son of George Booth, Baron Delamer. ... Richard Hampden (1631 - 1695) was an English Whig politician and son John Hampden. ... Charles Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax (April 16, 1661 - May 19, 1715) was Chancellor of the Exchequer, poet, statesman, and Earl of Halifax. ... John Smith (1655/6 - 1723) was an English politician, twice serving as Chancellor of the Exchequer. ... Henry Boyle, 1st Baron Carleton (12 July 1669 - 31 March 1725) was a British politician of the early eighteenth century. ... John Smith (1655/6 - 1723) was an English politician, twice serving as Chancellor of the Exchequer. ... Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Mortimer (5 December 1661 â€“ 21 May 1724), was an English statesman of the Stuart and early Georgian periods. ... 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Stanley Baldwin, 1st Earl Baldwin of Bewdley, KG, PC (3 August 1867â€“14 December 1947) was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom on three separate occasions. ... Arthur Neville Chamberlain (18 March 1869 â€“ 9 November 1940), known as Neville Chamberlain, was a British Conservative politician and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1937 to 1940. ... Philip Snowden, 1st Viscount Snowden (July 18, 1864 - May 15, 1937) was a British politician, and the first Labour Chancellor of the Exchequer. ... Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC (Can) (30 November 1874 â€“ 24 January 1965) was a British statesman, soldier, and author. ... Philip Snowden, 1st Viscount Snowden (July 18, 1864 - May 15, 1937) was a British politician, and the first Labour Chancellor of the Exchequer. ... Arthur Neville Chamberlain (18 March 1869 â€“ 9 November 1940), known as Neville Chamberlain, was a British Conservative politician and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1937 to 1940. ... The Right Honourable John Allsebrook Simon, 1st Viscount Simon (1873-1954) was a British politician and statesman. ... Sir Howard Kingsley Wood (19 August 1891 - 21 September 1943) was a Conservative British politician. ... John Anderson, 1st Viscount Waverley of Westdean (8 July 1882 – 4 January 1958) was a British statesman. ... Edward Hugh John Neale Dalton, Baron Dalton, generally known as Hugh Dalton (1887-1962) was a British Labour Party politician, and Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1945 to 1947. ... Sir Richard Stafford Cripps, known as Stafford Cripps, (April 24, 1889 - April 21, 1952) was a British Labour politician and Chancellor of the Exchequer for several years following World War II. // Cripps was born in London. ... Hugh Todd Naylor Gaitskell (April 9, 1906 â€“ January 18, 1963) was a British politician, leader of the Labour Party from 1955 until his death in 1963. ... Richard Austen Butler, Baron Butler of Saffron Walden, KG, CH, PC, DL (9 December 1902 â€“ 8 March 1982), who invariably signed his name R. A. Butler and was familiarly known as Rab, was a British Conservative politician. ... Maurice Harold Macmillan, 1st Earl of Stockton, OM, PC (10 February 1894 â€“ 29 December 1986), was a British Conservative politician and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1957 to 1963. ... George Edward Peter Thorneycroft, Baron Thorneycroft (1909-1994) was a British Conservative politician. ... The Right Honourable Derick Heathcoat Amory, 1st Viscount Amory (26 December 1899â€“20 January 1981) was a British Conservative politician. ... John Selwyn Brooke Lloyd, Baron Selwyn-Lloyd (28 July 1904 - 18 May 1978), known for most of his career as Selwyn Lloyd, was a British Conservative politician. ... Rt. ... Leonard James Callaghan, Baron Callaghan of Cardiff, KG, PC (27 March 1912 â€“ 26 March 2005), was Labour Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1976 to 1979. ... Roy Harris Jenkins, Baron Jenkins of Hillhead, OM, PC (November 11, 1920 â€“ January 5, 2003) was a British politician and a prominent Labour Member of Parliament in the 1960s and 1970s, and founding member of the Social Democratic Party (SDP). ... The Right Honourable Iain Macleod, PC (1913 â€“ 1970) was a UK Conservative politician. ... Anthony Barber, interviewed as the results of the 1970 general election are declared The Right Honourable Anthony Perrinott Lysberg Barber, Baron Barber, PC (4 July 1920 â€“ 16 December 2005), was a British Conservative politician who served as a member of both the House of Commons and the House of Lords. ... Denis Winston Healey, Baron Healey, CH, MBE, PC (born 30 August 1917), is a British Labour politician, regarded by some (especially in the Labour Party) as the best Prime Minister we never had.[1] Denis Healey was born in Mottingham in Kent but in 1922 at the age of five... Richard Edward Geoffrey Howe, Baron Howe of Aberavon, CH, PC, QC (born 20 December 1926), known until 1992 as Sir Geoffrey Howe, is a senior British Conservative politician. ... Nigel Lawson, Baron Lawson of Blaby, PC (born March 11, 1932), was a British politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer between June 1983 and October 1989. ... Sir John Major, KG, CH, PC (born 29 March 1943) was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and leader of the British Conservative Party from 1990 to 1997. ... Norman Stewart Hughson Lamont, Baron Lamont of Lerwick, PC (born 8 May 1942) was Conservative Member of Parliament for Kingston-upon-Thames, England from 1972 until 1997. ... Kenneth Harry Clarke, QC, MP, (born 2 July 1940) is a leading Conservative Party politician in the United Kingdom. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

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See also