Edward Kasner (1878–1955), (City College of New York 1897; Columbia University M.A., 1897; Columbia University Ph.D., 1900), who studied under Cassius Jackson Keyser, was a prominent Jewish American mathematician who was appointed Tutor on Mathematics in the Columbia University Mathematics Department. Kasner was the first Jew appointed to a faculty position in the sciences at Columbia University.^[1] The City College of The City University of New York (known more commonly as City College of New York or simply City College, CCNY, or colloquially as City) is a senior college of the City University of New York, in New York City. ... Columbia University is a private research university in the United States. ... Doctor of Philosophy, abbreviated Ph. ... This article needs to be wikified. ... The word Jew ( Hebrew: יהודי) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity and often a combination... Leonhard Euler, one of the greatest mathematicians of all time A mathematician is a person whose primary area of study and research is the field of mathematics. ... Euclid, Greek mathematician, 3rd century BC, as imagined by by Raphael in this detail from The School of Athens. ...

Kasner's Ph.D. dissertation was titled The Invariant Theory of the Inversion Group. This article is about the thesis in dialectics and academia. ...

Googol

Kasner is perhaps best remembered today for introducing the term "googol". In or about 1920, in order to pique the interest of children, Kasner sought a name for a very large number: one followed by a hundred zeros. On a walk in the New Jersey Palisades with his nephews, Milton (1911–1981) and Edwin Sirotta, Kasner asked for their ideas. Nine-year-old Milton suggested "googol". A googol is the large number 10100, that is, the digit 1 followed by one hundred zeros (in decimal representation). ... Palisades is also a general term for steep cliffs next to a river. ...

In 1940, with James R. Newman, Kasner co-wrote a non-technical book surveying the field of mathematics, called Mathematics and the Imagination (ISBN 0-486-41703-4). It was in this book that the term "googol" was first introduced: James Roy Newman was a mathematician and mathematical historian. ...

Words of wisdom are spoken by children as least as often by scientists. The name "googol" was invented by a child (Kasner's nine-year-old nephew) who was asked to think up a name for a very big number, namely, 1 with a hundred zeros after it. He was very certain that this number was not infinite, and therefore equally certain that it had to have a name. At the same time that he suggested "googol" he gave a name for a still larger number: "Googolplex." A googolplex is much larger than a googol, but is still finite, as the inventor of the name was quick to point out. It was suggested that a googolplex should be 1, followed by writing zeros until you get tired. This is a description of what would happen if one actually tried to write a googolplex, but different people get tired at different times and it would never do to have Carnera a better mathematician than Dr. Einstein, simply because he had more endurance. The googolplex then, is a specific finite number, with so many zeros after the 1 that the number is a googol. A googolplex is much bigger than a googol, much bigger even than a googol times a googol. A googol times a googol would be 1 with 200 zeros, whereas a googolplex is one with a googol of zeros. You will get some idea of the size of this very large but finite number from the fact that there would not be enough room to write it, if you went to the farthest star, touring all the nebulae and putting down zeros every inch of the way. A googol is the large number 10100, that is, the digit 1 followed by one hundred zeros (in decimal representation). ... Googolplex is the number . ... Primo Carnera (October 26, 1906 – June 29, 1967) was an Italian boxer who became the World Heavyweight champion. ... Albert Einstein ( ) (March 14, 1879 – April 18, 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who is best known for his theory of relativity and specifically mass-energy equivalence, . He was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the... The Triangulum Emission Nebula NGC 604 lies in a spiral arm of Galaxy M33, 2. ...

– ^[2]

Google

Kasner's number naming legacy includes technology unforeseen in his lifetime. The Internet search engine "Google" originated from a misspelling of "googol",^[3][4] which refers to 10¹⁰⁰ (the number represented by a 1 followed by 100-zeros).^[5] Google, Inc. ... A googol is the large number 10100, that is, the digit 1 followed by one hundred zeros (in decimal representation). ...

The "Googleplex" is the Google company headquarters, located at 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway in Mountain View, Santa Clara County, California, near San Jose. Entrance to lobby of Building 40 The Googleplex is the company headquarters for Stinky Uncle Diapers, located at 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway in Mountain View, Santa Clara County, California, near San Jose. ... For the community near Martinez, California, see Mountain View, Contra Costa County, California. ... Santa Clara County is a county located in the San Francisco Bay Area of the U.S. state of California. ... Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Area  Ranked 3rd  - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 km²)  - Width 250 miles (400 km)  - Length 770 miles (1,240 km)  - % water 4. ... Nickname: Location of San Jose within Santa Clara County, California. ...

Googleplex is a play on words for googolplex, the name given by Kasner's nephew to the large number: Googolplex is the number . ...

(the number represented by a 1 followed by a googol of zeros).

References

• Kasner, Edward [1934] (1980). "Differential-geometric aspects of dynamics", in C.Carpelan, A.Parpola P.Koskikallio (ed.): The Logarithmic potential and other monographs. New York: Chelsea, pp. 235-263. ISBN 0-8284-0305-8. 
• Kasner, Edward; Newman, James R. [London: Penguin, 1940; New York: Simon and Schuster, 1967] (April 2001). Mathematics and the Imagination. Dover Pubns. ISBN 0-486-41703-4. 
• Edward Kasner and James R. Newman, Mathematics and the Imagination, Tempus Books of Microsoft Press, 1989. ISBN 1556151047
• Kasner, Edward (1921). "Geometrical theorems on Einstein's cosmological equations". Amer. J. Math. 43: 217. 
• Bialik, Carl (June 14, 2004). "There Could Be No Google Without Edward Kasner". The Wall Street Journal Online. 

This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Microsoft Press is the publishing arm of Microsoft, usually releasing books dealing with various current Microsoft technologies. ... June 14 is the 165th day of the year (166th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... shelby was here 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Footnotes

1. ^ Columbia and the "Jewish Problem” http://beatl.barnard.columbia.edu/stand_columbia/TimelineCUJew.html
2. ^ Edward Kasner and James R. Newman, Mathematics and the Imagination,Tempus Books of Microsoft Press, 1989, p. 23.
3. ^ Koller, David. "Origin of the name, "Google", Stanford University January 2004.
4. ^ Hanley, Rachael. "From Googol to Google: Co-founder returns", The Stanford Daily February 12, 2003 (retrieved July 14, 2006).
5. ^ Bylund, Anders. "To Google or Not to Google", The Motley Fool via MSNBC. July 5, 2006 (retrieved July 7, 2006).

Microsoft Press is the publishing arm of Microsoft, usually releasing books dealing with various current Microsoft technologies. ... Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly known as Stanford University (or simply Stanford), is a private university located approximately 37 miles (60 kilometers) southeast of San Francisco and approximately 20 miles northwest of San José in Stanford, California. ... The Stanford Daily is the student-run, independent daily newspaper serving Stanford University. ... February 12 is the 43rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... July 14 is the 195th day (196th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 170 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... The Motley Fool is a group of financial mavens founded in August 1994 in the USA by brothers Tom Gardner and David Gardner, who parlayed their investment newsletter into a content partnership with America Online service. ... MSNBC, a combination of MSN and NBC, is a 24-hour cable news channel in the United States and Canada, and a news website. ... July 5 is the 186th day of the year (187th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 179 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... July 7 is the 188th day of the year (189th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 177 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...

External links

• History from the Google website