He was born in “Town Head,” Scotland, and graduated from the Kirkcudbright Grammar School then acquired a thorough commercial training. He immigrated to the United States in 1758 as agent of a commercial house and settled in Virginia. He moved to Halifax, North Carolina and then established a commission house in Savannah, Georgia in 1766. Telfair was a member of the council of safety in 1775 and 1776, and a delegate to the Provincial Congress at Savannah in 1776; member of the committee of intelligence and other important committees in 1776;
Telfair was a member of the Continental Congress for 1778, 1780, 1781, and 1782. He was one of the signers of the Articles of Confederation and a delegate to the State ratification convention. In 1783, he was commissioner to treat with the Cherokee Indians. Telfair was also designated agent on the part of Georgia to settle the northern boundary of the Commonwealth in February1783, and eventually Governor of Georgia.
EdwardTelfair was one of the many Scotsmen who settled in Georgia during the mid-eighteenth century.
Telfair was named in June 1775 to the Council of Safety, a body formed to supervise the enforcement of boycotts and to seek solutions to the growing crisis between the colony and the British crown.
Telfair was elected to the Continental Congress in 1778 and was a member until 1783.