• See Edwin Arthur Hall for the former U.S. Congressman from New York and
• Edwin R. Hall for the Kansas man accused of murdering Kelsey Smith

Edwin Herbert Hall (November 7, 1855 - November 20, 1938) was an American physicist who discovered the "Hall effect". Hall conducted thermoelectric research at Harvard and where he also wrote numerous physics textbooks and laboratory manuals. Edwin Arthur Hall (February 11, 1909 - October 18, 2004) was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from New York. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Kelsey Smith murder. ... Kelsey Ann Smith (May 3, 1989-June 2, 2007) was an Overland Park, Kansas teenager who disappeared on June 2, 2007 and was murdered sometime between then and June 6, 2007. ... November 7 is the 311th day of the year (312th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 54 days remaining. ... Year 1855 (MDCCCLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... November 20 is the 324th day of the year (325th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... Articles with similar titles include physician, a person who practices medicine. ... Hall effect diagram, showing electron flow (rather than conventional current). ... Thermoelectricity is the conversion from heat differentials to electricity or vice versa. ... Research is a human activity based on intellectual investigation and aimed at discovering, interpreting, and revising human knowledge on different aspects of the world. ... Harvard University is a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, and a member of the Ivy League. ...

Biography

Hall was born in Great Falls (North Gorham), Maine, U.S.. Hall did his undergraduate work at Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine graduating in 1875. He obtained a Ph.D. (1880) and did his graduate work at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore where his seminal experiments were performed. Great Falls is the name of several places in the United States of America: Great Falls, Montana Great Falls, South Carolina Great Falls, Virginia it can also refer to: The Great Falls of the Missouri River in Montana The Great Falls of the Passaic River in New Jersey This is... Official language(s) None Capital Augusta Largest city Portland Area  Ranked 39th  - Total 33,414 sq mi (86,542 km²)  - Width 210 miles (338 km)  - Length 320 miles (515 km)  - % water 13. ... Motto: (Out Of Many, One) (traditional) In God We Trust (1956 to date) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington D.C. Largest city New York City None at federal level (English de facto) Government Federal constitutional republic  - President George Walker Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence from... Bowdoin College, founded in 1794, is a private liberal arts college located in the coastal New England town of Brunswick, Maine. ... Braunschweig may also refer to the administrative region of Germany. ... Official language(s) None Capital Augusta Largest city Portland Area  Ranked 39th  - Total 33,414 sq mi (86,542 km²)  - Width 210 miles (338 km)  - Length 320 miles (515 km)  - % water 13. ... Doctor of Philosophy, abbreviated Ph. ... The Johns Hopkins University, founded in 1876, is a private institution of higher learning located in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. ... Flag Seal Nickname: Monument City, Charm City, Mob Town, B-more Motto: Get In On It (formerly The City That Reads and The Greatest City in America; BELIEVE is not the official motto but rather a specific campaign) Location Location of Baltimore in Maryland Coordinates , Government Country State County United...

The Hall effect was discovered by Hall in 1879, while working on his doctoral thesis (Physics). Hall's experiments consisted of exposing thin gold leaf (and, later, using various other materials) on a glass plate and tapping off the gold leaf at points down its length. The effect is a potential difference (Hall voltage) on opposite sides of a thin sheet of conducting or semiconducting material (the Hall element) through which an electric current is flowing. This was created by a magnetic field applied perpendicular to the Hall element. The ratio of the voltage created to the amount of current is known as the Hall resistance, and is a characteristic of the material in the element. In 1880, Hall's experimentation was published as a doctoral thesis in the American Journal of Science and in the Philosophical Magazine. 1879 (MDCCCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... GOLD refers to one of the following: GOLD (IEEE) is an IEEE program designed to garner more student members at the university level (Graduates of the Last Decade). ... Glass can be made transparent and flat, or into other shapes and colors as shown in this sphere from the Verrerie of Brehat in Brittany. ... Potential difference is a quantity in physics related to the amount of energy that would be required to move an object from one place to another against various types of force. ... In electricity, current refers to electric current, which is the flow of electric charge. ... In physics, a magnetic field is an axial vector field that traces out solenoidal lines of force in and around closed electric circuits and bar magnets. ... Year 1880 (MDCCCLXXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar). ... The American Journal of Science was founded in 1818 by Professor Benjamin Silliman, who edited and financed it himself, and it is the oldest American journal in continuous publication. ... The Philosophical Magazine is arguably the world’s oldest commercially published scientific journal. ...

Hall was appointed as Harvard's professor of physics in 1895. Hall retired in 1921. Hall died in Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S. in 1938. The meaning of the word professor (Latin: one who claims publicly to be an expert) varies. ... Year 1895 (MDCCCXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... Location in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country United States State Massachusetts County Middlesex County Settled 1630 Incorporated 1636 Government  - Type Mayor-council city  - Mayor Kenneth Reeves (D) Area  - City  7. ... Motto: (Out Of Many, One) (traditional) In God We Trust (1956 to date) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington D.C. Largest city New York City None at federal level (English de facto) Government Federal constitutional republic  - President George Walker Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence from...

The Hall effect is used in magnetic field sensors, now made in millions.

In the presence of large magnetic field strength and low temperature, one can observe the quantum Hall effect, which is the quantization of the Hall resistance. This is now the jam official standard for electrical resistance. In physics, a magnetic field is an axial vector field that traces out solenoidal lines of force in and around closed electric circuits and bar magnets. ... Fig. ... The quantum Hall effect is a quantum-mechanical version of the Hall effect, observed in two-dimensional electron systems subjected to low temperatures and strong magnetic fields, in which the Hall conductance takes on the quantized values where is the elementary charge and is Plancks constant. ... Fig. ...

See also

• Hall effect
• Henry Augustus Rowland
• Scientific phenomena named after people

Hall effect diagram, showing electron flow (rather than conventional current). ... Henry Augustus Rowland (1848–1901) was a U.S. physicist. ... This is a list of scientific phenomena and concepts named after people (eponymous phenomena). ...

Relevant lists

• List of eponyms
• List of physicists

An eponym is a person (real or fictitious) from whom something is said to take its name. ... Below is a list of famous physicists. ...

External links and references

• Katz, Eugenii, "Hall". Biosensors & Bioelectronics.
• The President and Fellows of Harvard College, "Hall, Edwin Herbert, 1855-1938. Papers: Guide.". Houghton Library, Harvard College Library, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. 2002.
• "Edwin Hall image". aip.org.
• Hall, Edwin, "On a New Action of the Magnet on Electric Currents". American Journal of Mathematics vol 2 1879.

Works by Hall

He made various various contributions to scientific journals on the thermal conductivity of iron and nickel, the theory of thermoelectric action, and on thermoelectric heterogeneity in metals. His publications include:

• A Text-Book of Physics (1891; third edition, 1903), with J. Y. Bergen
• Elementary Lessons in Physics (1894; 1900)
• The Teaching of Chemistry and Physics (1902), with Alexander Smith
• College Laboratory Manual of Physics (1904; revised edition, 1913)
• Elements of Physics (1912)

• This article incorporates text from an edition of the New International Encyclopedia that is in the public domain.